NGHIEN
ClJfU
- TRAO
001
1.
MdDAU
Trong dieu kien dja hinh chat hep, ldi
vao nho, khoi
liitfng
thi cdng khdng Idn..., viec
sii dung cac loai may dao cd nhd, vda va
Idn
la
khong
the
thif
c hien
dif oc
hoac cho
hi$u quA
kinh
t^khong
cao.
Do cdn thieu
nhdng
thiet bi
lam
dat
cd sieu nho, gon nhe, ca dpng nen
khi
thi cdng
dat trong
nhCfng
dieu kien neu tren budc phai thi
cong bang sdc lao
dpng
thu cdng vdi nang suat
va hieu qua kinh
te
rat thap. Tinh trang
tiiong
tl/
cung xay ra ngay ca ddi vdi
nhij'ng niJdc
cdng
nghiep phat trien.
Khae
vdi may
d^o
mdt gau cd nhd
(Miniexcavator),
may dao mdt gau cd sieu nhd
(Microexcavator)
thiidng
cd khdi
lUpng diidi
mot tan, kich
thiidc
bao nhd nhat cd the (chieu
rpng
khong
viipt
qua Im), dung tich gau
0,01
T
0,03 m3, de lap dat, van chuyen den
nPi
thi
cong chat hep bang
each
keo theo hoac bang cac
phuong tien van chuyen cd nhd, gia thanh may
vao
khoang 3000
-^
10000 bang Anh. Dien hinh la
may
dao mot gau cd sieu nhd cda cac hang Pow-
erfab.
Mantis, Microturbo(Anh);
Kaho,
Komatsu
(Nhat);
Talpino (Y), Cubota (My) [3]. Tuy nhien,
cac loai
may nay cd che do lam viec theo chu ky
cho nang suat khdng cao, gia thanh dat va pham
vi
dng dung han che.
Tii giiia thap ky 80 cua the ky XX, tren thi
tri(6ng
chau Au xuat hien loai may dao cd sieu
nho (Microdiggingmachme) cd che do lam viec
lien
tuc,
kich
thildc
rat nhd gon va cho nang suat
cao.
Cac loai may nay dung de dao hao dat
diidng
ong cap
thoat
nildc,
dUdng
cap ngam; Dao cac hd
mong nho trong dieu kien dia hinh chat hep, ldi
vao nho; Nad vet va dao kenh
mUOng
npi ddng
trong nong nghiep, thuy
loi...Dien
hinh la may
dao cd
si^u
nho cd che dp lam viec lien tuc cua
cac
hang Case, Cubota,
Ditch
Witch (My); Melroe
Europe (Bi); A.F.Trenchers Ltd (Anh)...
13],
Trong vdng 20 nam trd lai day, bd phan
cong
tac cda may dao cd sieu nhd cd che dp lam
viec
lien tuc ludn
dUpc
cai tien thdng qua cac sang
che va
giai phap
hiifu
ich. Dien hinh la cac bd phan
cdng tac theo sang che A.C. sd 291006, sd 939666.
sd
308158
{Lien Xd cu); Patent sd 2798314 (My) co
chitc nang dao dat thdng qua cac
liidi
phay cat dat
va chitc nang van chuyen dat theo nguyen ly vang
li tam thdng qua rdto vdi cac canh van chuyen dat.
Dac biet hieu qua theo quan diem chi phi nang
li((?ng
rieng nho, ket cau dOn gian va nhd gon la
Ciic bp phan cdng tac theo cac giai phap hflu ich
sd 4364476, 4329573, 4753298
(LienXo
cu), theo
dd
ehdc
nang dao va van chuyen dat
diipc
ket hpp
trong ciing mpt bp phan cdng tac dang rdto, cat
d.il
theo chu vi cua rdto tao thanh loi dat d gifla
vA
tu sap xudng, dat
duqc
van chuyen thanh dong
theo nguyen ly vang ly tam.
Nham tao ra cac loai may mdi cd hieu qua
cao trong dieu kien dia hinh chat hep, can phai
thUc
hien hai budc
cP
ban sau:
-
Biidc
1:
Tdi
flu hoa bp phan cong tac
bang
nghien cdu ly thuyet va thflc nghiem nhim
tim ra cac thdng so ket cau va ddng hoc tdi flu ciia
bd phan cdng tac vdi ham muc tieu la chi phi nang
Iflpng rieng,
Iflc
xd ngang va
life
can cong tac dpc
theo phflpng di chuyen nhd nhat.
- Bfldc 2: Tinh toan thiet
k^
may dao cd
sieu nhd tren co sd ket qua ciia bai toan tdi flu d
bfldc 1, dam bao cac tieu chl yeu cau ve chi phi
nang Iflpng rieng nhd, ket cau don gian nhd gpn,
gia thanh ha, nang suat cao...
Bai bao de xuat phflOng phap danh cho ky
sfl de xac dinh cac thdng sd hpp ly cua may dao cd
sieu nhd d bfldc 2 tren ca sd
kit
qua nghien cdu
cua bfldc
1.
2.
PHl/ONG
PHAP
Qua trinh xac dinh cac thdng sd hpp ly
cua may dao cd sieu nhd cd che dp lam viec lien
tuc tren cP sd ket qua nghien cflu ddi vdi bd phan
cdng tac cua may dflpc md ta tren hinh 1.
Cac yeu cau ddi vdi may thiet ke bao gdm
cac yeu cau ve cong nghe (kich thfldc hao can
dao;
Loai nen dat; Kich thfldc va khdi Iflpng may
dam ®
TAP
CHi
CO
KHi
VIET NAM
*l*
Sd 7 (Thang 7 nam 2012)