Project 1 - Final - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Sen

THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HOA SEN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES �㵢�㵢�㵢 REPORT OF PROJECT 1
COMMUNICATION DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN COUNTRIES IN WORKPLACE HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS INSTRUCTOR’S COMMENT 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 WORKSHEET 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 6 1.1. Background 6
1.1.1. Causes for cultural differences 6
1.1.2. Culture differences exhibited in daily life 7
1.2. The objectives of the research 9 1.3. Research questions 10 1.4. Significance of the study 10
1.5. The organisation of the report 10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 12
2.1. Communication in the workplace 12
2.1.1. The communication in workplace in western countries 12
2.1.2. The communication in workplace in eastern countries 14
2.2. The diversity in workplace communication 15
2.3. The cultures affect communication in the workplace 19 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 24 3.1 Framework 24 3.2 Approach 25
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 27
4.1. The difference between East and West communication cultures 27
4.2. Factors affecting communication culture 32 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 35 CHAPTER 6: REFERENCES 37 1 INSTRUCTOR’S COMMENT
Ho Chi Minh City, … October 2021 Signature
Mr. Alexander Parini 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to thank Hoa Sen University and the Faculty of
Foreign Languages for giving us an opportunity to experience and add more
knowledge to prepare us for our future jobs. During this course, we have
experienced and learned a lot about how the way research has been made. Not
only do we have the opportunity to gain more specialized knowledge, but
acquiring skills such as using research tools and websites that serve and support
us in conducting this research is also what we are very pleased to learn.
Moreover, it is an honor for me to have the chance to be assisted by Mr.
Alexander Parini. Even though during the covid pandemic we have to study
online so meeting face-to-face is not possible, maybe it is difficult. It was
difficult for us and him to impart knowledge, but Mr. Parini supported and
commented on the research in great detail so that we could correct it and work it
out in the right direction. In addition, we are very grateful to Mr. Parini for
taking the time and fully participating in online meetings to exchange ideas for research.
Furthermore, thanks to this research, we know where we are not yet perfect
so that we can overcome and do better when doing secondary research in
particular and the future work project in general. 3 WORKSHEET No. Name Task Evaluation % 1 Lê Ng c Huy ọ n – Leader ề Methodology Complete tasks 100% Student’s ID: 2193713 References Attend all the The organisation of the meetings report The communication in workplace in eastern countrie Worksheet 2 Lê Qu c Huy ố The objectives of the Complete tasks 100% research Student’s ID: 2191523 Attend all the The cultures affect meetings communication in the workplace Discussion – Result Word 3 Lý Ngọc Tú Conclusion Complete tasks 100% Student’s ID: 2191130 Ending and Discussion - Attend all the Public Relation in School meetings 4 Tr n ầ Mỹ Anh The objectives of the Complete tasks 100% Student’s ID: 2191750 research Attend all the The cultures affect meetings communication in the workplace Discussion – Result 5 Tr n ầ Minh Thư The diversity in workplace Complete tasks 100% communication Student’s ID: 2192718 Attend all the Acknowledge meetings Conclusion Ending 6 Tr n ầ Ngọc Anh Thư Background Complete tasks 100% Student’s ID: 2193619 The diversity in workplace Attend all the communication meetings 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background
1.1.1. Causes for cultural differences
According to Robert Kohls, the former Director of Training and
Development for the US Information Agency, culture is "an integrated system of
acquired behavior patterns that are characteristic of the members of any given
society,... the complete way of life of particular groups of people". Culture is
something that is learned and passed down from generation to generation. It
encompasses everything as a group of personal expressions. With the rise of
globalization, cross-cultural communication has become essential to the open
society in which we now live. As a result, cultural distinctions can be seen
everywhere. The East and the West have a lot in common, but they also have
quite a few differences. China and India are mostly responsible for the origins of
eastern cultures. Rivers gave birth to both cultures: the Yellow River in China
and the Hindu River in India. The Chinese civilization then spread to Japan
during the Dang Dynasty, where it was absorbed into modern-day Japanese
culture (Xie Qunying, Canadian Social Science, Vol.3 No.5 October 2007).
From its history, it has had a significant influence on the cultural traditions of
the Eastern people. They are closed and live spiritually. They have many
elaborate customs and respectful rituals. When English colonists arrived in
America, they brought their culture with them over the Atlantic Ocean (Xie
Qunying, Canadian Social Science, Vol.3 No.5 October 2007). I can see that the
history of formation is simply the origin of Western cultures. They live simply,
comfortably and openly. The holidays are not too cumbersome or complicated. 5
1.1.2. Culture differences exhibited in daily life
There has been numerous research conducted to find unique features that
separate one culture from another. There is no exception to the cultural divide between east and west.
Some of the typical examples to illustrate such differences: a. Greeting
How do we welcome one another in Chinese culture? "Hello, have you had
your meal?" We remark informally if we run into a buddy on the street. "Where
are you going?" or "Can you tell me what you're doing?"
When it comes to two males shaking hands, they often do so. The
aforementioned inquiries, on the other hand, are simply queries in western
nations, not greetings. If you enquire about their meals, they could believe
you're asking them to dinner. They usually merely grin or say "Hi" to one other.
In some formal circumstances, they will shake hands. Westerners, by the way, do
not have to leave a party or a meeting venue with a formal conge, nor do they
need to shake hands with every participant as most of us do here (Xie Qunying,
Canadian Social Science, Vol.3 No.5 October 2007). Eastern culture attaches
great importance to greetings and respectful conversations. In a conversation
they often don't get straight to the point, but often go around outside. They
consider it a subtle way of talking. But Western Culture often simplifies the
ritual, so they are open and happy to chat. b. Table manner
The manner in which people eat—their table manner—makes a huge
difference. Chinese people use chopsticks or, in certain cases, straighten their
hands to hold rice like Indians. We use teeth as knives since the thin and long
chopsticks can't cut food. We use chopsticks to grasp our meal, whether it's meat
or vegetables, send it to our mouths, bite off a piece, and keep the rest on the
chopsticks. We normally eat in this manner. When eating rice or soup, we're also
accustomed to lifting our bowls.In Western countries, however, all of this is considered impolite.
Bowls and plates are not allowed to leave the table when dining in the
West. To fit inside the mouths, the food should be chopped using knives. The
dishes or bowls must not be touched by your mouth. So, cut your steak with a
fork and knife on the plate, send the meat cube into your mouth with a fork, and
nothing except the fork will be returned to you. Because of the many eating
gadgets and menus, this is most likely the case (Xie Qunying, Canadian Social
Science, Vol.3 No.5 October 2007). Due to the influence of history, the eating
culture of the Eastern people is more comfortable and arbitrary. Their food is 6
mainly from rice, so they often use chopsticks. They have the ability to chew
and chew hard and chewy foods. Western culture favors politeness and elegance,
so they eat slowly and slowly. Food that is mainly beef and chicken should use a knife and fork.
In short, from the history of formation, there have been obvious differences,
over many generations, the culture has been deeply imprinted on each person of
each country, leading to obvious differences in culture and tradition.
1.2. The objectives of the research
It seems that people have officially entered the age of the modern corporate
environment. Good communication is critical in any sort of business since it
fosters close connections among all employees of an organization's divisions. It
may also decide whether an organization's company will be successful or fail.
Furthermore, it aids in the development of positive connections and ensures that
fights and disagreements are avoided at all costs. For example, in a partnership,
effective communication skills are critical as the partners can prevent
misunderstandings and small spats.
In this research, basing on the achievements of previous studies in
corporate communication, the study had the following general and specific objectives:
General objectives: To identify different aspects that affect the communication
in the workplace in eastern culture and western culture. Specific objectives: (1)
To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the organizations
towards the practice of a diverse workplace. (2)
To explore western and eastern cultural features. (3)
Evaluate what factors influence communication in a diverse workplace. 1.3. Research questions
In order to reach the mentioned objectives, the process of researching is
guided by the following questions: 1. What is communication ? in the workplace 2.
The communication in workplace in western countries 3.
The communication in workplace in eastern countries 4.
The difference between East and West communication cultures 5.
How do cultures affect communication ? in the workplace 7 6.
Factors affecting communication culture
1.4. Significance of the study
This study will provide information about the diverse cultures between
countries in the world in general and east and west in particular. Through this
study, people will better understand the culture and beauty of each different
country. Especially to better understand the working environment between
countries that will have distinct customs and cultures.
In this regard, this research will bring understanding and provide people with
knowledge about the values of different countries. However, each country has its
own beauty and identity, but it is also important to join together to create a great
combination and thereby create international communication between people.
1.5. The organisation of the report
In our studies, there are a total of 5 chapters which are Introduction;
Literature Review; Methodology; Findings and Discussion; and the last one is
Conclusion and Recommendation. On the one hand, in the literature review we
discuss finding the definition of communication in the workplace between
Western and Eastern countries. To distinguish the diversity differences between
their workplace communication. Indicating the regime affects communication in
the workplace. On the second hand, we find information and articles; some of
them were published on scientific research articles of other authors, researchers
in the methodology section. Then, we recorded our work process, collected
articles, researched to analyse and synthesise the articles. Finally, we determine
the understanding about the communication difference between Western and
Eastern countries in the workplace. 8
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, the findings from previous studies which seem most
relevant and useful for the study will be discussed to create a theoretical
framework for the experimental teaching.
2.1. Communication in the workplace
2.1.1. The communication in the workplace in western countries
We used to say to each other all the time that "the more we know about
other people, the more successful we would be in life." In order for us to have a
broader and deeper understanding, we need to communicate with each other and
understand each other even more through a method called "communication".
This was also used in business communication with international clients and co-
workers in the workplace in order to achieve success in both communication and
the establishment of solid business ties.
According to the article DiemParis clearly stated the culture in England. In
the British culture of business and cooperation, they don't need to have very
close relationships before embarking on cooperation and they don't like to work
through intermediaries. British people will be looking for long-term relation-
ships with people who did business with them. However, they will be wary of
you if they realise that you cannot be a long-term working partner. The person
with a higher position in the meeting will be the main speaker in that meeting.
British discussions are often very lively, and if negotiations become intense they
often stop, have a drink, or apologise and go out. The British often use sarcastic
words to poke fun at their opponents, they are ready to disagree if they think that
a certain point of your opinion is incorrect. The British are fun, funny and if you
get that too during the negotiations it is greatly appreciated. The British believe
in numbers more than feelings, so preparing precise, specific figures will greatly
contribute to convincing your British counterpart. In particular, the cousin 9
attaches great importance to the time to the minute. If you have an appointment
with a partner, you should schedule a specific time and arrive on time. You will
lose heart if you make people wait even a few minutes.
With the French, according to DiemParis (2020), When initiating a
discussion, the welcome is an art of behaviour that helps the other person feel
safe and not astonished. You have three options for greeting the other person:
kiss on the cheek, shake hands, or just say "Bonjour" (bonjour means hello). You
may not need to say hello if this is your first meeting. The man will give you
priority in choosing the greeting, especially if you are a woman. When talking in
workplace culture, don't be scared to express your point of view. Even if one's
point of view differs from the other's, the debate should be limited to exchanging
ideas and evaluating problems rather than determining right from wrong or
engaging in confrontation. Arguments that are confrontational, belligerent, or
deliberately attack the opponent should be avoided. This isn't going to help your
company relationship. Keep your business and personal lives distinct and don't
discuss too much about your personal life. They don't like loud noises and
always retain courtesy to avoid disturbing others, therefore talking too loudly
when conversing is not permitted. In French, debate is considered a separate culture of French.
The French, on the other hand, are very upfront in expressing their
opinions. True or false, agree or disagree, they frequently respond passionately.
Not even a half-hearted nod. They are also not scared to communicate their
dissatisfaction, wrath, or dissatisfaction. Whatever happens, they are not readily
swayed, and their decisions are not easily influenced by other points of view or issues. 10