
󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
     
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
MỤC LỤC
1 C THÔNG TIN CHUNG .................................................................................................................. 2
 󰈨 󰈨 󰈨
 󰈨 󰉎󰈨 
 󰉆 󰉎󰉆󰈨 󰈝 󰉎󰈨 
 󰈨󰈙 󰉆 
2 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 1: KẾT NỐI LIÊN MẠNG ............................................................................ 3
 󰈨  󰈨 
3 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 2: ROUTING ĐỘNG & LIÊN KẾT AS ....................................................... 4
 󰈙 󰈙 󰈣 
 󰈨󰈘 󰈨󰈨
 
 󰉴󰈨 󰉴 
 
4 PHỤ LỤC .............................................................................................................................................. 23
 󰈨 󰈨 󰉎󰈗 󰈨  
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
1 C THÔNG TIN CHUNG
1.1 Mục đích và phạm vi tài liệu
󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨 󰈨󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈨󰈚 
󰉼󰉴 󰉼󰉴 󰈞 󰉼󰈨 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰈖
󰈨  󰈨  󰉼󰉴   󰈨   󰈘 󰈨   󰈨   󰈨   󰉼󰉴 
󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰈖 󰈨 󰈨 󰈖 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰉼󰈨 󰈖 
󰈨 󰈨
1.2 Mục tiêu thực hành
󰉼󰈨 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈘 󰈘 󰈜 󰈖 󰈨󰈨󰈘 󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈘 󰈨󰈨 
󰈨 󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰉼 󰈨 󰈚 󰈜 󰈖 󰈨󰈨󰈘 
󰉼󰈨 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈚 󰈖 󰈨󰈜 󰈘 󰈚 󰈘 󰉴󰈖 󰈨
󰈢 󰉼󰉴 󰈖 󰈨󰉼󰈨  󰈠 󰈘 
󰈘 󰈚 󰈘 󰈨 󰈖 󰈘 󰉼 󰈜 󰈜 󰈨󰈘 󰈨
1.3 Thời lượng các buổi thực hành
󰉴 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈜 
󰈘 󰈘 󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰈜 
1.4 Quy định đối với sinh viên
 󰈖 󰈨󰈨 󰉼󰈨 
 󰈨󰉼󰈨 󰈚 󰈨󰉼󰉴 󰈞 󰈞 󰈨  󰈨󰈨
󰈨󰈘 󰉼 
 󰈨󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰉼󰈨 
 󰉼󰈨 󰉼󰉴 󰈞 󰈨󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰉴 
󰉼󰉴 󰈞 󰉼󰈨 󰉼 󰈚 󰈖 󰉼󰉴 󰉼󰉴 󰈞 
 󰈨󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰈖 󰈚 󰉼󰉴 󰈞 󰈘 󰈜 󰉼󰈨 

 󰈘 󰈖 󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰈨󰈘 󰈖 󰈨󰉼󰉴 󰈨 󰉼 
󰉴 󰈘 󰉼  󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈘 󰈜 
2 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 1: KẾT NỐI LIÊN MẠNG
2.1 Mục đích và nội dung

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
     
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
3 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 2: ROUTING ĐỘNG & LIÊN KẾT AS
3.1 Kết nối các Autonomous System bằng BGP
3.1.1 BGP export định tuyến nội bộ ra bên ngoài AS
󰉴󰈚 󰈨 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 
󰈨 󰈨  󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰈘 
󰈖 󰈢 

 󰈘 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 
> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network: ethernets: enp0s9:
addresses: [192.168.1.1/24]
> sudo netplan apply
> ifconfig -a
enp0s9: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 08:00:27:66:01:03 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
 󰈘 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 󰈜 󰈘 󰈘 
> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network: ethernets: enp0s8:
addresses: [192.168.1.2/24]
enp0s9:
addresses: [192.168.2.1/24]
> sudo netplan apply
> ifconfig -a
enp0s8: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 08:00:27:11:02:02 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) enp0s9:
flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet
192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether
08:00:27:f5:02:03 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
> ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.373 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.967 ms
R4
AS_65400
172.16.0.0/16
R1
AS_65100
10.0.0.0/8
R2
AS_65200
192.168.2.1
R3
192.168.2.2
AS_65300
192.168.3.1
192.168.3.2
192.168.1.1
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰈘 󰈨󰈖󰉼󰉴󰉼󰈨 󰈜 󰈘 󰈘 󰉼 󰉼 
󰈨󰈨 󰈢 󰈨ping󰉼󰉴 󰈘 󰈘 
 󰈘 
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/zebra.conf hostname
r1
password zebra
> sudo service zebra restart
 󰈘 󰈨󰈘 󰈨 󰈨󰈨
󰈨󰈢 
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
password zebra router bgp 65100
neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200
network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈘 
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/zebra.conf hostname
r2
password zebra
> sudo service zebra restart
 󰈘 󰈘 󰉴 󰈨󰈨 󰉼󰈚 
󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈨󰈨󰉴 󰈚 󰉼󰉴
󰉼 󰉴 
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
password zebra router bgp 65200
neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 65100 neighbor
192.168.2.2 remote-as 65300
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈖 󰈨󰈘 󰈨󰈨󰈖 
󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰉼󰉴 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨
> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
 󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰉼󰈨 󰈘 
󰈨󰈘 󰈨󰈨󰈖 󰈨 󰈖 
󰈜 󰈜 󰈨󰈘 󰉴 󰈜 󰈖 󰈨󰈘 
 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈖 

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
     
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
R1> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s10
R2> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
 󰈜 󰈜 
R1> telnet 127.0.0.1 2605 Trying
127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
Hello, this is Quagga (version 1.2.4).
Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al.
User Access Verification
Password: zebra
R1> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 192.168.56.201
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath,
i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 0 65200 65300 65400 i
Displayed 2 out of 2 total prefixes
3.1.2 BGP routing policies
󰉴󰈚 󰈨 󰈜 󰈘 󰈘 󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰉴 󰈘 󰈨
󰈜 󰈜 󰉼󰉴 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰉼 
10.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.2.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s9
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈜 󰉴 󰈘 󰈨󰈖󰈜 󰈘 󰈘 󰉴 󰉼󰉴
󰉼 󰈨 
R5> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network: ethernets: enp0s8:
addresses: [192.168.4.2/24]
enp0s9:
addresses: [192.168.5.2/24]
> sudo netplan apply
> ifconfig -a
enp0s8: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.4.255
ether 08:00:27:c5:05:02 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) enp0s9:
flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet
192.168.5.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.5.255
R4
AS_65400
172.16.0.0/16
R1
AS_65100
10.0.0.0/8
R2
AS_65200
192.168.2.1
R3
192.168.2.2
AS_65300
192.168.3.1
R5
AS_65500
192.168.3.2
192.168.4.1
192.168.4.2
192.168.5.1
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 

󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
ether 08:00:27:b7:05:03 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
> ping 192.168.4.1
PING 192.168.4.1 (192.168.4.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.4.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.366 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.4.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.476 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.4.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.459 ms
> ping 192.168.5.1
PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.427 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.366 ms
 󰈘 󰈜 󰈨󰈚 
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
hostname r5
password zebra
> sudo service zebra restart > sudo
nano /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
password zebra router bgp 65500
neighbor 192.168.4.1 remote-as
65100 neighbor 192.168.5.1 remote-
as 65400
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈘 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨󰈚 󰉴󰈖 󰈨󰈨 

> cat /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets:
enp0s8:
addresses: [192.168.4.1/24]
enp0s9:
addresses: [192.168.1.1/24]
> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65100
neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200
neighbor 192.168.4.2 remote-as 65500
network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰈘 󰉼󰉴󰉼󰈨 󰈜 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨
󰈚 󰉴󰈖 󰈨󰈨 󰈜 󰈨󰈨󰈨 󰈖 
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
󰈜 󰈖 󰈨󰈘 󰉼󰉴 󰈘 󰈨 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨󰈨
󰉼󰉴 
R1> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.0.0 192.168.4.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
 󰈘 󰈨 󰈘 
󰉴 󰈘 󰉼󰉴 󰈠 
󰉴󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨 󰉼󰈖 
R1> telnet 127.0.0.1 2605
Trying 127.0.0.1...
r1> show ip bgp
r1> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 192.168.56.201
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath,
i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 0
32768 i
 󰈨󰈨󰈨 󰈘 󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈚 󰉼 󰉴 󰉴 
󰉴󰈖 󰈨󰈨 
R1> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65100 neighbor
192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200
neighbor 192.168.1.2 weight 1000
neighbor 192.168.4.2 remote-as
65500 neighbor 192.168.4.2 weight
500 network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈜 󰈨 󰉼󰉴 󰈘 󰈨 󰈘 󰈜 
R1> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s10
* 172.16.0.0
192.168.1.2
0
65200 65300 65400 i
*>
192.168.4.2
0
65500 65400 i
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 

󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈜 󰈘 󰈞 󰉼󰉼󰉴 󰉼󰈨 󰈘 
󰉼󰈘 󰈨 󰈘 󰈨
󰉼 󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰉴󰈨󰉼󰉴 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨 
󰈜 󰉼
R1> telnet 127.0.0.1
2605 Trying 127.0.0.1...
r1> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 192.168.56.201
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath,
i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.0.0.0
0.0.0.0 0
32768 i
3.1.3 Tích hợp BGP với IGP
󰉼󰈨 󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈖 󰉼󰉴󰉼 
󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈖 
󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈖 󰈘 󰉴󰈖 
󰉼󰈜 ping󰉼 󰈨󰈨 󰈨 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨 
󰈨󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈖 󰈘 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈖 󰉼
󰉼 󰉼󰉴󰈨   󰈚      󰈘  󰈖  󰈨 󰈨   󰈨  󰈨 󰈨
󰉼󰈘 󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰉴󰈖 󰉼󰈨 󰈘  󰉼󰈖 󰈘 
󰈚 󰈢 󰉴󰈨 󰉴 
󰉴󰈚 󰈨 󰉼󰈖 󰈨 󰈜 󰈘 󰈖 
󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰉼 󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈖 󰉼󰉴󰈨 
󰈖 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰈘 󰈖 󰈖 
󰈚 󰈖 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈘 󰈨 󰈖 󰈖 󰈨󰈚 󰈨󰈘 󰈖 
󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 
󰈨 󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈘 󰈨  󰈜 
󰈘 󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰉼󰈨󰈨 󰈨󰈨 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨
󰈨󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨 󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰉼󰈨 󰉴 
󰈢 
*> 172.16.0.0
192.168.1.2
1000
65200 65300 65400 i
*
192.168.4.2
500
65500 65400 i
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 

󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈘 󰈨󰈨󰈖
R1> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
network: ethernets: enp0s9:
addresses: [192.168.1.1/24]
enp0s3:
addresses: [192.168.11.1/24]
> sudo netplan apply
R4
AS_
65400
R1
AS_65100
R
2
192.168.1.2
AS_65200
192.168.2.1
R3
192.168.2.2
AS_65300
192.168.3.1
192.168.1.1
192.168.3.2
10.0.0.0/8
RIP
OSPF
172.16.0.0/16
R1.2
R4.2
R4.1
R1.1
192.168.11.0/24
192.168.12.0/24
192.168.41.0/24
192.168.42.0/24

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 

󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈘 󰈨󰈘 󰈜 󰈨 󰈨
R1> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65100 neighbor
192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200
network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈘 󰈨󰈘 󰉼󰈖 󰈨 󰈜 󰈨 󰈨 󰉼 
󰉼󰈖 󰈨 
R1> sudo nano /etc/quagga/ripd.conf
password zebra
router rip network
192.168.11.0/24
redistribute bgp
> sudo service ripd restart
 󰈘 󰈨󰈖󰉼󰈖 󰈨 
R1.1> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml network:
ethernets:
enp0s8:
addresses: [192.168.12.1/24]
enp0s3:
addresses: [192.168.11.2/24]
> sudo netplan apply
R1.1> sudo nano /etc/quagga/ripd.conf
hostname r11 password zebra
router rip
network 192.168.12.0/24 network
192.168.11.0/24
> sudo service ripd restart
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰈨 󰈨 
route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.12.2 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.11.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
 󰈘 󰈨󰈖󰉼󰈖 󰈨 
R1.2> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8:
addresses: [10.0.0.1/8]
enp0s3:
addresses: [192.168.12.2/24]
> sudo netplan apply
R1.2> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ripd.conf hostname r12
password zebra
router rip
network 192.168.12.0/24
network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service ripd restart
 󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰈨 󰈨 󰉼󰈨
󰈖 󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈜 󰈘 
󰈨 󰈨 
R1.2> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
 󰈜 󰈘 󰈨󰈨󰈖
R4> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets:
enp0s8:
addresses: [192.168.3.2/24]
enp0s3:
addresses: [192.168.41.1/24]
> sudo netplan apply

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 

󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈘 󰈨󰈘 󰈜 󰈘 󰈖 󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨󰈨
󰉼󰈖 󰈨 󰉼󰈞 󰉴 󰈘 
󰈖󰈨󰈨 󰈨󰉴 󰈨󰈨 󰈨󰈖 
 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈢 
R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65400 neighbor
192.168.3.1 remote-as 65300
redistribute ospf
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈘 󰈨󰈘 󰉼󰈖 󰈨 󰈜 󰈨 󰈨 󰉼 
󰉼󰈖 󰈨 
R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname R4
password zebra router ospf network
192.168.41.0/24 area 1
redistribute bgp
> sudo service ospfd restart
 󰈘 󰈨󰈖󰉼󰈖 󰈨 
R1.1> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8:
addresses: [192.168.42.1/24]
enp0s3:
addresses: [192.168.41.2/24]
> sudo netplan apply
R4.1> sudo nano /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
hostname R41 password zebra router
ospf network 192.168.41.0/24 area 1
network 192.168.42.0/24 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰈨 󰈨 
R4.1> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.41.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.41.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
 󰈘 󰈨󰈖󰉼󰈖 󰈨 
R4.2> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8:
addresses: [172.16.0.1/16]
enp0s3:
addresses: [192.168.42.2/24]
> sudo netplan apply
R4.2> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname r42
password zebra router ospf network
192.168.42.0/24 area 1
network 172.16.0.0/16 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart
 󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰈨 󰈨 
R4.3> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.42.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 

󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
192.168.41.0 192.168.42.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
 󰈨 󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 
󰈨 󰈖 󰉼󰉴󰈨 
“redisstribute ospf󰈚 󰈘 󰈖 󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈨 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 
󰈨󰈨󰉼󰈨 󰈨󰈘 󰉴 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨
󰈨󰈘 󰈘 󰉼󰈨 󰈘 󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈚 
R1> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.12.2 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.11.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.42.0 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
 󰈚 󰉴󰈖 󰈨 󰈜 󰈖 󰈨󰈘 󰈖 󰈨󰈘 󰈘 󰈨
󰉼󰉴 󰈨󰈘 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨 󰈖 
R1.2> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.42.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
 󰈘 󰈨󰈨󰈨 󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈨
󰈘 󰈘 󰈘 󰈘 
host> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets:
enp0s3:
dhcp4: false
addresses: [10.0.0.15/8]
> sudo netplan apply
> sudo route add default gateway 10.0.0.1
> route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 enp0s3
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
> ping 172.16.0.1
PING 172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=2.43 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=1.97 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=2.38 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=57 time=2.77 ms
^C
--- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3006ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.971/2.393/2.777/0.290 ms
 󰈘 󰉼󰈖 󰈨   󰈜  󰉼󰉴   󰉼 󰈨   󰈨  󰈘  󰈨  󰈨  
 󰈘 󰉼󰈖 󰉼 
󰉼󰉴 󰈘 󰉼󰈖 󰈘 󰈨 󰈨󰈨󰈨 
󰈚 󰈘 󰈖 
> tracepath -n 172.16.0.1
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: 10.0.0.1 0.323ms
1: 10.0.0.1 0.244ms
2: 192.168.12.1 0.512ms
3: 192.168.11.1 0.613ms
4: no reply
5: no reply
6: no reply
7: no reply
8: 172.16.0.1 2.349ms reached
Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 8 back 8
3.1.4 eBGP và iBGP
󰈘 󰈘 󰈚 󰉴 󰈜 󰉼 󰉼󰈨 
󰈖 󰉼󰉴 󰉴󰈨 󰈘 󰈘 󰉼 󰈨󰈘 󰈘 
󰉴󰈚 󰈨 󰉼 󰉼󰉴 󰈜 󰈖 
󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈘 󰉼󰈖 󰈨 
󰈘 󰉼󰈖 󰈨 󰈜 󰈘 
󰈘 󰈨 󰉼󰈖 󰈨 󰈜 󰈘 
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 

󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
 󰈘 󰉼󰈘 
R4.3> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets:
enp0s3:
dhcp4: false
addresses: [192.168.3.2/24]
enp0s8:
dhcp4: false
addresses: [172.16.0.2/16]
> sudo netplan apply
 󰈘 󰉼󰈚 
󰈨󰈨
R4.3> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname r43
password zebra router ospf network
172.16.0.0/16 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart
lOMoARcPSD| 59703641

󰈨󰉎󰉆 󰈟 󰉎󰈨 
󰈙 󰈙 󰈨 
R4.3> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password zebra
router bgp 65400 neighbor
192.168.3.1 remote-as 65300
neighbor 192.168.41.1 remote-as 65400
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈘 󰈨󰈖󰉼󰉼󰉴 󰈘 
󰈚 󰈨󰈨
R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname r4
password zebra router ospf network
192.168.41.0/24 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart
R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65400 neighbor
172.16.0.2 remote-as 65400
neighbor 192.168.5.2 remote-as 65500
> sudo service bgpd restart
 󰈖 󰈜 󰈜 󰈖 󰈖 󰈚 󰈚 
󰈨󰈨󰉼 󰉴󰈖󰈨route󰈘 󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨
󰈨󰉼󰉴󰈨 󰈨󰈨
R4.3> telnet 127.0.0.1 2601
Trying 127.0.0.1...
R43> show ip route
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP,
O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, P - PIM, A - Babel, N - NHRP,
> - selected route, * - FIB route
B>* 10.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 192.168.3.1, enp0s3, 00:11:58
C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo
O 172.16.0.0/16 [110/10] is directly connected, enp0s8, 00:08:16
C>* 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, enp0s8
C>* 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, enp0s3
O>* 192.168.41.0/24 [110/30] via 172.16.0.1, enp0s8, 00:08:06
O>* 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.1, enp0s8, 00:08:06
 󰈖 󰈜 󰈜 󰈖 󰈘 󰈘 󰈨󰈨 
󰈨󰈘 

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1 MỤC LỤC
1 CÁC THÔNG TIN CHUNG .................................................................................................................. 2 1.1
MU C ĐI CH VÀ PHÀ M VI TÀ I LIỆ U ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2
MU C TIỆ U THƯ C HÀ NH ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3
THỚ I LƯỚ NG CÀ C BUO I THƯ C HÀ NH ............................ ............................................................................... 2 1.4
QUY ĐI NH ĐO I VỚ I SINH VIỆ N ........................................................................................................................... 2
2 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 1: KẾT NỐI LIÊN MẠNG ............................................................................ 3 2.1
MU C ĐI CH VÀ NO I DUNG ...................................................................................................................................... 3
3 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 2: ROUTING ĐỘNG & LIÊN KẾT AS ....................................................... 4 3.1
KỆ T NO I CÀ C ÀUTONOMOUS SYSTỆM BÀ NG BGP ..................................................................................... 4
3.1.1 BGP export đị nh tuye n no ị bo ra be n ngoa ị ÀS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1.2 BGP routịng polịcịes .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 7
3.1.3 Tí ch hợ p BGP vợ ị IGP .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1.4 eBGP va ịBGP .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 16
4 PHỤ LỤC .............................................................................................................................................. 23 4.1
PHU LU C 1: SƯ DU NG UBUNTU SỆRVỆR LÀ M ROUTỆR .............................................. ......................... 23
TÀ I LIỆ U HƯỚ NG DÀ N THƯ C HÀ NH © 2021 – HUST – SOICT
THIỆ T KỆ MÀ NG IP – IT4651 lOMoAR cPSD| 59703641 2 1 CÁC THÔNG TIN CHUNG
1.1 Mục đích và phạm vi tài liệu
Ta ị lịe u đượ c bịe n soa n cho sịnh vịe n ca c he đa o ta o thuo c Vịe n Co ng nghe tho ng tịn va Truye n
tho ng – Trượ ng ĐHBKHN. Gịa o vịe n hượ ng da n thư c ha nh va sịnh vịe n đượ c phe p truy nha p sư
du ng ta ị lịe u theo chượng trí nh đa o ta o va ke hoa ch đa o ta o do Vịe n CNTT&TT va Trượ ng
ĐHBKHN ban ha nh. Mo ị sao che p hoa c sư du ng ngoa ị mu c đí ch tre n pha ị đượ c sư cho phe p cu a
nho m bịe n soa n ta ị lịe u.
1.2 Mục tiêu thực hành
Ca c ba ị thư c ha nh đượ c thịe t ke đe gịa la p he tho ng ma ng Internet hoa c ca c he tho ng dị ch vu tre n
ma ng Internet. Sịnh vịe n dư a tre n ca c kịe n thư c đa ho c ca n trịe n khaị gịa la p he tho ng tho ng qua
ca c ba ị thư c ha nh. Sịnh vịe n cu ng đượ c ye u ca u chu đo ng tí m hịe u ca c va n đe ly thuye t mợ ro ng
ba ng ca ch khaị tha c mo ị trượ ng gịa la p. Hoa n tha nh ca c ba ị thư c ha nh, sịnh vịe n se na m ra t ro
ca c va n đe ly thuye t ma ng, co đu kịe n thư c đe trịe n khaị ca c he tho ng tha t.
1.3 Thời lượng các buổi thực hành
Thợ ị lượ ng: 5 buo ị.
So tịe t thư c ha nh: 3 tịe t/1 buo ị.
1.4 Quy định đối với sinh viên
1. Tua n thu ca c quy đị nh ta ị pho ng thư c ha nh
2. In ta ị lịe u thư c ha nh (bao go m ta ị lịe u hượ ng da n va ma u ba o ca o), đo c ky ta ị lịe u va o n ta p
no ị dung kịe n thư c lịe n quan
3. Mang theo ta ị lịe u thư c ha nh khị đe n thư c ha nh
4. La m ba ị thư c ha nh theo hượ ng da n trong ta ị lịe u. Kho ng thư c hịe n ca c no ị dung kha c vợ ị
hượ ng da n thư c ha nh, trư khị co ye u ca u cu a ngượ ị hượ ng da n
5. No p ba o ca o thư c ha nh va ca c ke t qua kha c theo ye u ca u va hượ ng da n khị ke t thu c buo ị thư c ha nh
6. Ta t ca ca c ba ị thư c ha nh co da u hịe u sao che p ke t qua va no ị dung ba o ca o dượ ị mo ị hí nh thư c
va vợ ị ba t cư ly do na o se đượ c cha m 0 địe m.
2 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 1: KẾT NỐI LIÊN MẠNG
2.1 Mục đích và nội dung

TÀ I LIỆ U HƯỚ NG DÀ N THƯ C HÀ NH
© 2021 – HUST – SOICT THIỆ T KỆ MÀ NG IP – IT4651 3
3 BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 2: ROUTING ĐỘNG & LIÊN KẾT AS
3.1 Kết nối các Autonomous System bằng BGP
3.1.1 BGP export định tuyến nội bộ ra bên ngoài AS
Sợ đo ma ng: 4 ÀS ke t no ị nhau qua ca c BGP R1, R2, R3, R4. Trong ÀS 65100 co ma ng 10.0.0.0/8.
Trong ÀS 65400 co ma ng 172.16.0.0/16. Ca c ma ng na y se đượ c tư đo ng đưa va o ca u hí nh ca c ba ng routịng ba ng BGP. AS_65100 AS_65400 10.0.0.0/8 AS_65200 AS_65300 172.16.0.0/16 R1 R2 R3 R4 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 192.168.3.1 192.168.3.2
1. Ca u hí nh ke t no ị ma ng R1:
> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s9: addresses: [192.168.1.1/24] > sudo netplan apply > ifconfig -a enp0s9: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 08:00:27:66:01:03 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
2. Ca u hí nh ke t no ị ma ng R2 & kịe m tra ke t no ị R1:
> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [192.168.1.2/24] enp0s9: addresses: [192.168.2.1/24] > sudo netplan apply > ifconfig -a enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 08:00:27:11:02:02 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) enp0s9: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet
192.168.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 ether
08:00:27:f5:02:03 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) > ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.373 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.967 ms
TÀ I LIỆ U HƯỚ NG DÀ N THƯ C HÀ NH © 2021 – HUST – SOICT
THIỆ T KỆ MÀ NG IP – IT4651 lOMoAR cPSD| 59703641 4
3. Thư c hịe n ca u hí nh đị a chí IP tượng tư cho ca c router R3, R4. Chu y kịe m tra ke t no ị gịư a tư ng
ca p router ca nh nhau ba ng le nh ping (như đa la m vợ ị ke t no ị R1-R2).
4. Ca u hí nh servịce zebra tre n R1:
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/zebra.conf hostname r1 password zebra
> sudo service zebra restart
5. Ca u hí nh servịce bgpd tre n R1 cho phe p export tho ng tịn đị nh tuye n ma ng no ị bo
10.0.0.0/8 thuo c ÀS 65100 ra be n ngoa ị ÀS ba ng BGP:
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
password zebra router bgp 65100
neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200 network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
6. Ca u hí nh servịce zebra tre n R2:
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/zebra.conf hostname r2 password zebra
> sudo service zebra restart
7. Ca u hí nh servịce bgpd tre n R2. Đo ị vợ ị ÀS 65200 hịe n ta ị chưa export tho ng tịn na o ve ca c
đượ ng đị nh tuye n no ị bo . Chu y la vợ ị R2 thí co 2 router BGP la ng gịe ng la R1 va R3 tượng
ư ng vợ ị 2 ÀS 65100 va 65300
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
password zebra router bgp 65200
neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 65100 neighbor 192.168.2.2 remote-as 65300
> sudo service bgpd restart
8. Sau khị ca c servịce BGP tre n R1 va R2 lan to a ca c tho ng tịn đị nh tuye n no ị bo ÀS cu a mí nh,
xem ba ng routịng tre n R2 tha y xua t hịe n đượ ng đị đe n ma ng 10.0.0.0/8 thuo c ÀS 65100: > route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
9. Thư c hịe n tượng tư ca u hí nh servịce zebra va bgpd tre n router R3, R4. Rịe ng R4 co export
the m tho ng tịn đị nh tuye n no ị bo cu a ma ng 172.16.0.0/16 cu a ÀS 65400. Sau khị restart ca c
servịce zebra va bgpd đe trao đo ị ca c tho ng tịn đị nh tuye n vợ ị nhau, kịe m tra ba ng đị nh tuye n
tre n R1 va R2 se tha y xua t hịe n the m ma ng no ị bo 172.16.0.0/16 cu a ÀS 65400:
TÀ I LIỆ U HƯỚ NG DÀ N THƯ C HÀ NH
© 2021 – HUST – SOICT THIỆ T KỆ MÀ NG IP – IT4651 5 R1> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s10 R2> route -n Kernel IP routing table
10.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.2.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s9
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
10. Va o console zebra tre n R1 đe kịe m tra ca c ÀS path:
R1> telnet 127.0.0.1 2605 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is '^]'.
Hello, this is Quagga (version 1.2.4).
Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al. User Access Verification Password: zebra R1> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 192.168.56.201
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath,
i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 0 65200 65300 65400 i
Displayed 2 out of 2 total prefixes
3.1.2 BGP routing policies
Sợ đo ma ng: bo sung ÀS 65500 co router BGP R5 ke t no ị trư c tịe p vợ ị R1 va R4. Thịe t la p ca c
routịng polịcy đe kịe m soa t đượ ng đị đe n ca c ma ng no ị bo gịư a ca c ÀS.
TÀ I LIỆ U HƯỚ NG DÀ N THƯ C HÀ NH © 2021 – HUST – SOICT
THIỆ T KỆ MÀ NG IP – IT4651 lOMoAR cPSD| 59703641 6 AS_65100 AS_65400 10.0.0.0/8 AS_65200 AS_65300 172.16.0.0/16 R1 R2 R3 R4 192.168.1.1 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.2 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 192.168.3.1 192.168.4.1 192.168.5.1 192.168.4.2 192.168.5.2 R5 AS_65500
1. Bo sung ÀS 65500 vợ ị BGP router R5. Ca u hí nh ca c đị a chí IP đe ke t no ị R5 vợ ị R1 va R4 tượng
ư ng theo ca c ma ng 192.168.4.0 va 192.168.5.0:
R5> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [192.168.4.2/24] enp0s9: addresses: [192.168.5.2/24] > sudo netplan apply > ifconfig -a enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.4.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.4.255
ether 08:00:27:c5:05:02 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) enp0s9: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet
192.168.5.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.5.255
TÀ I LIỆ U HƯỚ NG DÀ N THƯ C HÀ NH
© 2021 – HUST – SOICT THIỆ T KỆ MÀ NG IP – IT4651 lOMoAR cPSD| 59703641 7
ether 08:00:27:b7:05:03 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) > ping 192.168.4.1
PING 192.168.4.1 (192.168.4.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.4.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.366 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.4.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.476 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.4.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.459 ms > ping 192.168.5.1
PING 192.168.5.1 (192.168.5.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.427 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.5.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.366 ms
2. Ca u hí nh servịce zebra va bgpd tre n R5 đe nha n ca c router R1 va R4 la la ng gịe ng:
> sudo nano /etc/quagga/zebra.conf hostname r5 password zebra
> sudo service zebra restart > sudo nano /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
password zebra router bgp 65500
neighbor 192.168.4.1 remote-as
65100 neighbor 192.168.5.1 remote- as 65400
> sudo service bgpd restart
3. Ca u hí nh the m ke t no ị ma ng 192.168.4.0 tre n R1 va nha n R5 la la ng gịe ng. Khợ ị đo ng la ị servịce bgpd tre n R1: > cat /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [192.168.4.1/24] enp0s9: addresses: [192.168.1.1/24] > sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password zebra router bgp 65100
neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200
neighbor 192.168.4.2 remote-as 65500 network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
4. Thư c hịe n ca u hí nh tượng tư tre n R4 đe the m ke t no ị ma ng 192.168.5.0 va nha n R5 la
la ng gịe ng. Khợ ị đo ng la ị servịce bgpd tre n R4 đe ca c router BGP ca p nha t la ị ba ng routịng.
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Kịe m tra ba ng routịng tre n R1 nha n tha y đượ ng đị đe n ma ng 176.16.0.0 đa đượ c ca p nha t
sang hượ ng đị qua R5 (ÀS 65500): R1> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.0.0 192.168.4.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
5. Kịểm tra ÀS path tre n R1 đe n ma ng 172.16.0.0 tha y co 2 ÀS path: (65200 65300 65400 ị)
va (65500 65400 ị) vợ ị cu ng trong so weịght = 0. Theo BGP polịcy, đượ ng đị co ÀS path nga n
hợn đượ c cho n đưa va o routịng table cu a ubuntu kernel. R1> telnet 127.0.0.1 2605 Trying 127.0.0.1... r1> show ip bgp r1> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 192.168.56.201
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath,
i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 10.0.0.0 * 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 0 65200 65300 65400 i 0.0.0.0 0 *> 192.168.4.2 0 65500 65400 i 32768 i
6. Đa t ca c gịa trị tro ng so weịght cu a ca c ke t no ị BGP la ng gịe ng gịư a R1 vợ ị R2 va R1 vợ ị R5
va khợ ị đo ng la ị servịce bgpd: R1> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65100 neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200
neighbor 192.168.1.2 weight 1000
neighbor 192.168.4.2 remote-as
65500 neighbor 192.168.4.2 weight 500 network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
7. Kịe m tra la ị đượ ng đị đe n ma ng 172.16.0.0 thí tha y đa chuye n sang đị qua R2, R3, R4: R1> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s9
192.168.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.56.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s10
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8. Kịe m tra ca c ÀS path tre n R1 thí tha y va n co 2 ÀS path như trượ c nhưng tro ng so weịght đa
kha c nhau (1000 va 500, đu ng như đa ca u hí nh tro ng so tre n R1). BGP routịng polịcy đa t
mư c ưu tịe n tro ng so weịght cao hợn đo da ị ÀS path ne n đượ ng đị qua R2, R3, R4 đượ c cho n
đe đưa va o kernel routịng table. R1> telnet 127.0.0.1 2605 Trying 127.0.0.1... r1> show ip bgp
BGP table version is 0, local router ID is 192.168.56.201
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, = multipath,
i internal, r RIB-failure, S Stale, R Removed
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path *> 10.0.0.0 *> 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.2 1000 65200 65300 65400 i 0.0.0.0 0 * 192.168.4.2 500 65500 65400 i 32768 i
3.1.3 Tích hợp BGP với IGP
Trong ca c ba ị thư c ha nh tre n, ma ng no ị bo 10.0.0.0/8 va 172.16.0.0/16 cu a haị ÀS tượng ư ng
65100 va 65400 đa đượ c publịc ra be n ngoa ị ca c vu ng ÀS cu a mí nh, va tho ng qua ca c BGP router
trung gịan ÀS 65200 va 65300, ca c ma ng no ị bo na y đa đượ c qua n ba đe n ÀS ợ xa. Tuy nhịe n
chưa the ping tư mo t tra m trong ma ng 10.0.0.0/8 đe n tra m trong ma ng 172.16.0.0/16. Ly do
la ma c du ma ng no ị bo 10.0.0.0/8 đa qua n ba đe n đượ c BGP router R4 cu a ÀS 65400 nhưng no
chưa đượ c lan truye n va o be n trong ÀS na y. Ke t qua la mo t tra m trong ma ng no ị bo
172.16.0.0/16 chưa “nhí n tha y” ma ng no ị bo 10.0.0.0 ợ xa. Ba ị thư c ha nh tịe t theo se xư ly va n
đe na y ba ng ca ch tí ch hợ p BGP vợ ị IGP.
Sợ đo ma ng: ÀS 65100 sư du ng IGB RIP đe lịe n ke t ca c router R1.1, R1.2 va ba n tha n R1. Ca c
đượ ng đị nh tuye n (routịng path) gịư a ca c ma ng no ị bo cu a ÀS trong đo co 10.0.0.8/8 đượ c lan
to a be n trong ÀS 65100 va đượ c ca p nha t tư đo ng va o ta t ca ca c router IGP cu a ÀS 65100 bao
go m ca R1. Do đượ c ca u hí nh cha y ca IGP va BGP, router R1 lan to a mo t pha n hoa c ta t ca ca c
đượ ng đị nh tuye n no ị vu ng ra be n ngoa ị ÀS. Ngượ c la ị, khị R1 nha n đượ c ca c đượ ng đị nh tuye n
lịe n vu ng be n ngoa ị ÀS 65100 (ví du đượ ng đị nh tuye n đe n ma ng 172.16.0.0/16), no se chuye n
tịe p đượ ng đị nh tuye n na y va o be n trong ÀS va như va y, ma ng no ị bo 10.0.0.0/8 se đượ c ca p
nha t the m đượ ng đị nh tuye n đe n ca c ma ng ngoa ị vu ng ÀS 65100. Thư c hịe n tượng tư vợ ị ÀS 65400 ba ng IGP OSPF.
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THIỆ T KỆ MÀ NG IP – IT4651 lOMoAR cPSD| 59703641 10 10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/16 R1.2 R1.1 R4.2 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.42.0/24 RIP OSPF R4.1 AS_65100 AS_65300 AS_ 65400 192.168.11.0/24 AS_65200 192.168.41.0/24 R1 R3 R4
R 2 192.168.1.1 192.168.3.2 192.168.1.2 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 192.168.3.1
1. Thịe p la p đị a chí IP cho R1:
R1> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s9: addresses: [192.168.1.1/24] enp0s3: addresses: [192.168.11.1/24] > sudo netplan apply
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2. Thịe p la p ca u hí nh BGP cho R1 đe export ma ng no ị vu ng 10.0.0.0/8 ra be n ngoa ị R1> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65100 neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 65200 network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service bgpd restart
3. Thịe p la p ca u hí nh IGP sư du ng RIP cho R1. Đe ịmport ca c ma ng ngoa ị vu ng tư BGP va o
be n trong ÀS, sư du ng khaị ba o “redịstrịbute bgp”.
R1> sudo nano /etc/quagga/ripd.conf password zebra router rip network 192.168.11.0/24 redistribute bgp
> sudo service ripd restart
4. Ca u hí nh đị a chí IP va IGP sư du ng RIP cho R1.1
R1.1> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [192.168.12.1/24] enp0s3: addresses: [192.168.11.2/24] > sudo netplan apply
R1.1> sudo nano /etc/quagga/ripd.conf hostname r11 password zebra router rip
network 192.168.12.0/24 network 192.168.11.0/24
> sudo service ripd restart
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5. Xem ba ng routịng tre n R1.2 tha y đa xua t hịe n ma ng ngoa ị vu ng 172.16.0.0/16 route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.12.2 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.11.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
6. Ca u hí nh đị a chí IP va IGP sư du ng RIP cho R1.2
R1.2> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [10.0.0.1/8] enp0s3: addresses: [192.168.12.2/24] > sudo netplan apply R1.2> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ripd.conf hostname r12 password zebra router rip network 192.168.12.0/24 network 10.0.0.0/8
> sudo service ripd restart
7. Xem ba ng routịng tre n R1.2 tha y đa xua t hịe n ma ng ngoa ị vu ng 172.16.0.0/16. Như va y
la R12 (gateway cu a ma ng 10.0.0.0/8) đa nha n đượ c tho ng tịn đượ ng đị nh tuye n đe đị đe n
ma ng ngoa ị vu ng 172.16.0.0/16). R1.2> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
8. Chuye n sang ÀS 65400, thịe p la p đị a chí IP cho R4:
R4> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [192.168.3.2/24] enp0s3: addresses: [192.168.41.1/24] > sudo netplan apply
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9. Thịe p la p ca u hí nh BGP cho R4 đe export ta t ca ca c ma ng no ị vu ng đượ c ca p nha t theo IGP
OSPF ra be n ngoa ị (sư du ng khaị ba o “redịstrịbute ospf”). Lưu y cho na y kha c vợ ị ca u hí nh
BGP tre n R1 chí export mo t ma ng no ị vu ng. Vợ ị khaị ba o na y, toa n bo ma ng no ị vu ng cu a ÀS
65400 (trong đo co 172.16.0.0/16) se đượ c export ba ng BGP ra be n ngoa ị ÀS. R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65400 neighbor 192.168.3.1 remote-as 65300 redistribute ospf
> sudo service bgpd restart
10. Thịe p la p ca u hí nh IGP sư du ng OSPF cho R4. Đe ịmport ca c ma ng ngoa ị vu ng tư BGP
va o be n trong ÀS, sư du ng khaị ba o “redịstrịbute bgp”. R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname R4
password zebra router ospf network 192.168.41.0/24 area 1 redistribute bgp
> sudo service ospfd restart
11. Ca u hí nh đị a chí IP va IGP sư du ng OSPF cho R4.1
R1.1> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [192.168.42.1/24] enp0s3: addresses: [192.168.41.2/24] > sudo netplan apply
R4.1> sudo nano /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
hostname R41 password zebra router
ospf network 192.168.41.0/24 area 1
network 192.168.42.0/24 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart
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12. Xem ba ng routịng tre n R4.1 tha y đa xua t hịe n ma ng ngoa ị vu ng 10.0.0.0/8 R4.1> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.41.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.41.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
13. Ca u hí nh đị a chí IP va IGP sư du ng OSPF cho R4.2
R4.2> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s8: addresses: [172.16.0.1/16] enp0s3: addresses: [192.168.42.2/24] > sudo netplan apply R4.2> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname r42
password zebra router ospf network 192.168.42.0/24 area 1 network 172.16.0.0/16 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart
14. Xem ba ng routịng tre n R4.2 tha y đa xua t hịe n ma ng ngoa ị vu ng 10.0.0.0/8 R4.3> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.42.1 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
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192.168.41.0 192.168.42.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
15. Quay la ị ÀS 65100 xem ba ng routịng tre n R1, tha y xua t hịe n đượ ng đị nh tuye n đe n ma ng
ngoa ị vu ng 172.16.0.0/8 va ca 192.168.42.0/24. Ly do la BGP router R4 đượ c khaị ba o
“redisstribute ospf” ne n BGP R4 lan truye n ta t ca ca c đượ ng đị nh tuye n ma ng no ị vu ng đượ c
ca p nha t theo OSPF. Lưu y la ma ng no ị vu ng 192.168.41.0/24 đo ị vợ ị R4 kho ng đượ c ca p
nha t theo OSPF ví ke t no ị trư c tịe p, ví va y no kho ng đượ c lan truye n theo BGP ra be n ngoa ị. R1> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.12.2 255.0.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.11.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
192.168.42.0 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
16. Ve trợ la ị R1.2 đe xem ba ng đị nh tuye n cu a router no ị vu ng ÀS 65100 na y, tha y xua t hịe n
đượ ng đị nh tuye n đe n ma ng ngoa ị vu ng 172.16.0.0/8 va ca 192.168.42.0/24: R1.2> route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s8
172.16.0.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.0.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.11.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3
192.168.42.0 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 UG 20 0 0 enp0s3
17. Thịe t la p mo t ma y tra m trong ma ng no ị bo 10.0.0.0/8, đa t default gateway la R1.2 (10.0.0.1)
va tha y ke t no ị pịng tha nh co ng đe n 172.16.0.01:
host> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s3: dhcp4: false addresses: [10.0.0.15/8] > sudo netplan apply
> sudo route add default gateway 10.0.0.1 > route -n Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 enp0s3
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 enp0s3 > ping 172.16.0.1
PING 172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=2.43 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=1.97 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=2.38 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=57 time=2.77 ms ^C
--- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3006ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.971/2.393/2.777/0.290 ms
18. Ne u dư du ng tracepath đe xem đượ ng đị tư tra m la m vịe c na y đe n ma ng ngoa ị vu ng
172.16.0.0/16 se tha y ca c go ị tịn ICMP gư ị tư ca c router BGP (la ca c router trung gịan tre n
đượ ng đị đe n đí ch 172.16.0.0/16) kho ng gư ị tha nh co ng đe n tra m la m vịe c hịe n ta ị. Ha y suy
nghí tí m nguye n nha n va đe xua t gịa ị pha p??? > tracepath -n 172.16.0.1 1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500 1: 10.0.0.1 0.323ms 1: 10.0.0.1 0.244ms 2: 192.168.12.1 0.512ms 3: 192.168.11.1 0.613ms 4: no reply 5: no reply 6: no reply 7: no reply
8: 172.16.0.1 2.349ms reached
Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 8 back 8 3.1.4 eBGP và iBGP
Ca c router BGP ke t no ị “la ng gịe ng” vợ ị nhau đe loan ba o ca c network gịư a ca c ÀS. Ba ị thư c
ha nh na y mo pho ng trượ ng hợ p ca c router BGP ke t no ị gịư a 2 ÀS (eBGP) hoa c ke t no ị cu ng
trong 1 ÀS (ịBGP). Sợ đo ma ng như trong hí nh ve be n dượ ị. Đe network 10.0.0.0/8 cu a ÀS
65100 đượ c loan ba o đe n ÀS 65500, ca c BGP router R1, R1, R3 va R4.3 sư du ng eBGP. Khị va o
đe n ÀS 65400, BGP rourer R4.3 sư du ng ịBGP đe loan ba o network 10.0.0.0/8 đe n BGP router
R4. Cuo ị cu ng, BGP router R4 la ị sư du ng eBGP đe loan ba o đe n R5.
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1. Ca u hí nh network va BGP cho ca c router R1, R2, R3 như ba ị tre n. Ca u hí nh network R4.3:
R4.3> sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-
netcfg.yaml network: ethernets: enp0s3: dhcp4: false addresses: [192.168.3.2/24] enp0s8: dhcp4: false addresses: [172.16.0.2/16] > sudo netplan apply
2. Ca u hí nh OSPF va BGP cho router R4.3. Lưu y la R43 co 2 router BGP la ng gịe ng la R3
(thuo c ÀS 65300) va R4 thuo c cu ng ÀS 65400: R4.3> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname r43
password zebra router ospf network 172.16.0.0/16 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart
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/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password zebra router bgp 65400 neighbor 192.168.3.1 remote-as 65300
neighbor 192.168.41.1 remote-as 65400
> sudo service bgpd restart
3. Ca u hí nh đị a chí IP va IGP (OSPF) cho ca c router R4.1 va R4.2 như ba ị trượ c. Ca u hí nh BGP
R4 cu ng co 2 router BGP la ng gịe ng la R5 (thuo c ÀS 65500) va R4.3 thuo c cu ng ÀS 65400: R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/ospfd.conf hostname r4
password zebra router ospf network 192.168.41.0/24 area 1
> sudo service ospfd restart R4> sudo nano
/etc/quagga/bgpd.conf password
zebra router bgp 65400 neighbor 172.16.0.2 remote-as 65400
neighbor 192.168.5.2 remote-as 65500
> sudo service bgpd restart
4. Va o console cu a Zebra tre n R4.3 đe kịe m tra ba ng routịng (co đu tho ng tịn ve ca c nguo n
ca p nha t tư ng RTỆ hợn la chí du ng le nh route), tha y đa co network 10.0.0.0/8 đượ c ca p
nha t theo BGP va ca c network trong ÀS 65400 đượ c ca p nha t theo OSPF:
R4.3> telnet 127.0.0.1 2601 Trying 127.0.0.1... R43> show ip route
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP,
O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, P - PIM, A - Babel, N - NHRP,
> - selected route, * - FIB route
B>* 10.0.0.0/8 [20/0] via 192.168.3.1, enp0s3, 00:11:58
C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo
O 172.16.0.0/16 [110/10] is directly connected, enp0s8, 00:08:16
C>* 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, enp0s8
C>* 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, enp0s3
O>* 192.168.41.0/24 [110/30] via 172.16.0.1, enp0s8, 00:08:06
O>* 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 172.16.0.1, enp0s8, 00:08:06
5. Va o console cu a Zebra tre n R4 đe kịe m tra ba ng routịng, kho ng tha y xua t hịe n ma ng
10.0.0.0/8 ma c du va o console cuar BGP cu ng tre n R4 tha y ÀS path 10.0.0.0/8:
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