How many tones are there in English? What are they?  5 tones:
Tone 1: down tone (WH-question, information)
Tone 2: up tone (yes?No question) Tone 3: across tone (list) Tone 4: down up tone Tone 4: up down tone (emotion)  Level tone (_yes_no)  Moving tone:
Fall (\yes\no): neutral, finality (not interest)
Rise (/yes/no): indicate of question, curious of sth (show interest)
Fall-rise (vYes,vNo): hesitant, uncertain (agree but have question)
Rise-fall ( yes no): strong emotion, surprise, approval, disapproval Morphemes
Practical: practice, -al (2) Shoelace: shoe, -lace(2) Brightness: bright. -ness (2) Pots: pot, -s (2) Looking: look, -ing(2) Government: govern,-ment (2)
Unlockable: un-, lock-, -able (3) Butcher: butcher (1)
Modernization: modernize, -ation (2)
Undecidedly: un-, decide, -ed, -ly (4) Free & bound morpheme:
Readers: read (F), -er (B), -s (B) Mississippi (F)
books = book (base) + -s/ {-S1} (IS)
women = woman (base) + {-S1} (IS)
man's = man (base) + 's/ {-S2} (IS)
student (base) + {-S1)(IS) + (-S2} (IS) 1. Cooking is fun. 2. My mom is cooking a meal. 3. It is boring.
1.cooking: subject --> gerund (danh động từ) 3.boring: adj (2.cooking: present participle
cooking: cook (base) + -ing/ {-ing1} (IS)
cooking = cook (base) + -ing (Derivational suffix)
cook (v) --> cooking (gerund)
boring = bore (base) + -ing (DS) bore (v) --> boring (Adj)
flowed? past simple or past participle?
It flowed ...: flowed = flow (base) + -ed/{-D1} (IS)
It had flo+wed/ has flowed ... : flowed = flow (base) + -ed/ {-D2} (IS) broke = break (base) + {D1} broken = break {base) + {D2} moved I've moved: past participle I'm moved: adj
I'm moved: moved = move (base) + -ed (DS) (EX:
1. Mother's: mother: base - 's (IS)>
2. Irrelevant: ir- (DP); relavant (base) 3. Noisy: noise: base,- y (DS)
4. International: inter (DP), nation: base, -al (DS)
5. Possible: im- (DP), possible (base), -ility (DS)
6. Likeable: like : base, -able (DS)
7. Conclusion: conclude (base), -ion (DS), -s (IS)
8. Shinier: shine (base), -y (DS) , -er (IS)
9. Descriptions: describe (base); -tion (DS), -s (IS)
10. Spelled: spell (base); -ed {D1}(IS)
11. Commitments: commit (base), -ment (DS), -s (IS)
12. Explosion: explode (base), -sion (DS)
13. Assessments: assess (base), -ment (DS), -s (IS)
14. Teacher’: teach (base), -er (IS), - s/{S1 }, 's/{S2} (IS)
15. Unhealthily: un- (DP), health (base), -y (DS), -ly (DS)
16. Replaces: re- (DS), place (base), -es (IS)
17. Societies: society (base), -es (IS)
18. Comings: come (base), -ing (DS), -s (IS)
19. Non-fiction: non- (DP), fiction:>base
20. Behaviours: bahave (base), -iour (DS), -s (IS) -D1}: additive (t, d, id) replacive (i -->a) uppletive (go --> went) zero (hurt --> hurt) 17 words stay: simple word
stays: stay (free base) + -s (IS): simple word long: simple word
longest: long (free base) + -est (IS): simple word
She is swimming in the sea. (swimming: PresP) --> simple word
Swimming is my hobby. (swimming: gerund) --> not a simple word
Simple words: there, is, a, can, that, be, rocked, arms, crossed, knees, drawn, up, holding, this, ship’s, smooths, contains 1. sharpshooter : Comp 2. Act : S Simple 3. eact C-FB 4. storekeeper: comp
5. Highlander: Highland (simple) + -er --> C-FB 6. apparatus S Simple 7. contain: C-BB 8. recur: C-BB 9. Current: C-BB 10. unearth : C-FB 11. Referee C-FB 12. solve: simple 13. Dissolve: C-FB 14. Solvent C-FB 15. bull's eye: comp 16. Passbook: Comp 17 disapproval C-FB 18. inaccessible: C-FB