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TEMPLATE: PROS & CONS ESSAY INTRODUCTION:  General  (1) The 
- X plays an important/ integral/etc. role/part in  stateme impact of  [...] nt the topic
- Thanks to/Owing to/With the help of X, [...] (2) The 
- The problem/issue of X is a major concern/ a  concern  cause about the  of concern. topic
- There has been increasing/mounting/etc.  interest in X.
- X has attracted numerous/ considerable  concern.
- X has become a topic of broad interest. (3) The 
- X has become a source of major controversy.
disagreemen - X is a topic of controversy/ subject of intense  t over the  debate. topic
- X is causing growing concern/ constant  controversy.
- X has sparked heated controversy/debate
worldwide/all over the world/on global scale.
- X has been/become a controversial issue/ topic/ problem/etc.
- Opinions are divided when the issue of X is  brought into view. (4) The 
- More and more people/ An increasing number of  popularity of people have … the topic
- It is a growing trend that …
- X has gained in popularity in the past few years.
-> More and more people are learning/ have  learnt from home.  Thesis  Advantages 
- From my perspective, although there are some/  stateme vs 
several benefits/ drawbacks of X, the  nt Disadvantag
benefits/drawbacks it brings are weightier/ more  es profound/ more significant.    Positive or 
- Although there are some/ several benefits/  Negative
drawbacks of X, I believe that it is overall a 
positive/ negative trend/ development/  phenomenon. (Balanced)
- In my opinion, this trend/ development/ 
phenomenon could have positive/ negative  consequences. (Strong) BODY: Advantages vs Disadvantages Positive or Negative
Body 1 (the weaker side) -> Topic  The strong approach:
sentence 1: On the one hand, X is  Body 1: First advantage/ 
advantageous/ disadvantageous in 
disadvantage -> Topic sentence 1:  several ways.
The most notable benefit/ drawback  - Advantage/ Disadvantage 1: of X is […] + Explanation - Explanation + Example - Example - Advantage/ Disadvantage 2: Body 2: Second advantage/  + Explanation
disadvantage -> Topic sentence 2:  + Example Another remarkable benefit/ 
Body 2 (the stronger side) -> Topic  drawback of X is […]
sentence 2: On the other hand, I  - Explanation
reckon that the merits/ demerits of  - Example
X are weightier/ more profound/  The balanced approach: more significant.
Body 1 (the weaker side) -> Topic  - Advantage/ Disadvantage 1:
sentence 1: On the one hand, X is  + Explanation
advantageous/ disadvantageous in  + Example several ways. - Advantage/ Disadvantage 2: - Advantage/ Disadvantage 1: + Explanation + Explanation + Example + Example - Advantage/ Disadvantage 2: + Explanation + Example
Body 2 (the stronger side) -> Topic 
sentence 2: On the other hand, I 
reckon that the merits/ demerits of 
X are weightier/ more profound/  more significant. - Advantage/ Disadvantage 1: + Explanation + Example - Advantage/ Disadvantage 2: + Explanation + Example CONCLUSION: Advantages vs Disadvantages Positive or Negative
In conclusion, while I recognise  The strong approach:  the possible advantages/ 
In conclusion, I opine that X leads to 
disadvantages of X, I assert that 
desirable/ undesirable effects. X (help)/ 
the advantages/ disadvantages it (support)/ (enable)/ (allow)/ (enhance)/  brings are weightier/ more 
(boost)/ (enrich) … (Summarize ideas) profound/ more significant. 
OR: X (prevent)/ (hinder)/ (reduce)/ 
[Summarize weaker side], but at 
(discourage) … (Summarize ideas) the same time, [Summarize  The balanced approach:  stronger side]
In conclusion, while I recognise the 
possible advantages/ disadvantages of 
X, I consider this to be a positive/  negative trend/ development/ 
phenomenon overall. [Summarize 
weaker side], but at the same time,  [Summarize stronger side]
TEMPLATE: AGREE, DISAGREE & DISCUSSION  INTRODUCTION: Discussion Agree & Disagree General 
The disagreement over the 
The concern about the topic stateme topic - The problem/issue of X is a  nt - People have different views  major concern/ a cause of  about X concern. - X has become a source of  - There has been increasing/  major controversy. mounting/etc. interest in X.
- X is a topic of controversy/  - X has attracted numerous/  subject of intense debate. considerable concern.
- X is causing growing concern/ - X has become a topic of  constant controversy. broad interest. - X has sparked heated 
The opinions about the topic: controversy/debate  - Many people believe/ state/  worldwide/all over the world/  claim/ argue/contend/ assert/  on global scale. maintain that [...] - X has been/become a  - It is often/ commonly/  controversial issue/ topic/  frequently problem/etc. believed/ stated/ claimed/  - Opinions are divided when  argued that [...]
the issue of X is brought into  view. * X = N/ V-ing/ whether + S +  V Thesis  - Although there are good  - Strongly agree: From my  stateme arguments in favour of...  perspective, I totally agree  nt
(weaker side), I personally  that …
believe that... (stronger side) - Strongly disagree: From my 
- While there are good reasons  perspective, I do not agree 
why … (weaker side), I  that … personally believe that...  - Partly agree: While I agree  (stronger side)
that …, I do not assert that …
- While there are benefits to … 
(weaker side), I would argue 
that it is better to … (stronger  side) BODY: Discussion Agree & Disagree Body 
Topic sentence 1 (weaker  Strongly agree: 1
side): On the one hand, the 
Topic sentence 1: One important  idea that … is justified to 
reason why I am in favour of X is …/  some extent.  is that … - Reason 1:  - Explanation  + Explanation - Example + Example Strongly disagree: - Reason 2: 
Topic sentence 1: One important  + Explanation
reason why I hold objection to X is  + Example …/ is that … - Explanation  - Example Partly agree:
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand, I
am in favour of the idea that … - Reason 1:  + Explanation + Example - Reason 2:  + Explanation  + Example Body 
Topic sentence 2 (stronger  Strongly agree: 2
side): On the other hand, I  Topic sentence 2: Another  tend to be in favour of the 
justification for X is …/ is that … view that … - Explanation  - Reason 1:  - Example + Explanation Strongly disagree: + Example
Topic sentence 2: Another argument - Reason 2:  against X is …/ is that … + Explanation - Explanation  + Example - Example Partly agree:
Topic sentence 2: On the other 
hand, I am opposed to the view that  … - Reason 1:  + Explanation + Example - Reason 2:  + Explanation  + Example CONCLUSION: Discussion Agree & Disagree
In conclusion, it is well grounded 
Strongly agree/ disagree:
that … [+ summarize your points] 
In conclusion, I concur with the 
(weaker side). However, I hold the 
belief that … [+ summarize your 
belief that … [+ summarize your  points]
points] … (stronger side) Strongly disagree:
In conclusion, I oppose the belief 
that … [+ summarize your points] Partly agree:
In conclusion, while I concur with the
belief that … [+ summarize your 
points], I do not think that … [+  summarize your points]
PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS: INTRODUCTION: Causes - Solutions Effects - Solutions General 
The concern about the topic statement
- The problem/issue of X is a major concern/ a cause of  concern.
- There has been increasing/ mounting/etc. interest in X.
- X has attracted numerous/ considerable concern.
- X has become a topic of broad interest. Thesis   In my opinion, X is caused  In my opinion, X leads to  statement by some factors and steps  negative effects and steps  needed to be taken to solve 
needed to be taken to solve it. it. Body 1
There are some reasons for X There are some consequences - Cause 1: of X. + Explanation - Effect 1: + Example + Explanation - Cause 2: + Example + Explanation - Effect 2: + Example + Explanation + Example Body 2 Several measures can be  Several measures can be  adopted to tackle X. adopted to tackle X. - Solution 1: - Solution 1: + Explanation + Explanation + Example + Example - Solution 2: - Solution 2: + Explanation + Explanation + Example + Example Conclusion
In conclusion, X is the result  In conclusion, X is an  of … [summarize causes]. In  undesirable trend/  order to solve it, …  phenomenon because …  [summarize solutions] [summarize effects]. In order  to solve it, … [summarize  solutions]
DISCUSSION/ AGREE & DISAGREE ESSAYS Types of questions: Discussion: 2 sides  : 1 side  Agree & Disagree
Some people think that youngsters  Some people think that all 
should get involved in unpaid work, 
teenagers should be required to do 
while others oppose as it may affect 
unpaid work in their free time to 
their career. Discuss both the sides 
help the local community. They  and give your opinion. 
believe this would benefit both the 
individual teenager and society as a 
whole. Do you agree or disagree? What is your opinion?
To what extent do you agree or disagree? Structure:
Introduction: General statement + Thesis statement
Body: Paragraph 1 + Paragraph 2
Conclusion: Paraphrase thesis statement + Summarize ideas Template: INTRODUCTION: Discussion Agree & Disagree General 
The disagreement over the 
The concern about the topic stateme topic - The problem/issue of X is a  nt - People have different views  major concern/ a cause of  about X concern. - X has become a source of  - There has been increasing/  major controversy. mounting/etc. interest in X.
- X is a topic of controversy/  - X has attracted numerous/  subject of intense debate. considerable concern.
- X is causing growing concern/ - X has become a topic of  constant controversy. broad interest. - X has sparked heated 
The opinions about the topic: controversy/debate  - Many people believe/ state/  worldwide/all over the world/  claim/ argue/contend/ assert/  on global scale. maintain that [...] - X has been/become a  - It is often/ commonly/  controversial issue/ topic/  frequently problem/etc. believed/ stated/ claimed/  - Opinions are divided when  argued that [...]
the issue of X is brought into  view. * X = N/ V-ing/ whether + S +  V Thesis  - Although there are good  - Strongly agree: From my  stateme arguments in favour of...  perspective, I totally agree  nt
(weaker side), I personally  that …
believe that... (stronger side) - Strongly disagree: From my 
- While there are good reasons  perspective, I do not agree 
why … (weaker side), I  that … personally believe that...  - Partly agree: While I agree  (stronger side)
that …, I do not assert that …
- While there are benefits to … 
(weaker side), I would argue 
that it is better to … (stronger  side) BODY: Discussion Agree & Disagree Body 
Topic sentence 1 (weaker  Strongly agree: 1
side): On the one hand, the 
Topic sentence 1: One important  idea that … is justified to 
reason why I am in favour of X is …/ some extent.  is that … - Reason 1:  - Explanation  + Explanation - Example + Example Strongly disagree: - Reason 2: 
Topic sentence 1: One important  + Explanation
reason why I hold objection to X is  + Example …/ is that … - Explanation  - Example Partly agree:
Topic sentence 1: On the one hand,
I am in favour of the idea that … - Reason 1:  + Explanation + Example - Reason 2:  + Explanation  + Example Body 
Topic sentence 2 (stronger  Strongly agree: 2
side): On the other hand, I  Topic sentence 2: Another  tend to be in favour of the 
justification for X is …/ is that … view that … - Explanation  - Reason 1:  - Example + Explanation Strongly disagree: + Example Topic sentence 2: Another  - Reason 2: 
argument against X is …/ is that … + Explanation - Explanation   + Example - Example Partly agree:
Topic sentence 2: On the other 
hand, I am opposed to the view that … - Reason 1:  + Explanation + Example - Reason 2:  + Explanation  + Example CONCLUSION: Discussion Agree & Disagree
In conclusion, it is well grounded 
Strongly agree/ disagree:
that … [+ summarize your points] 
In conclusion, I concur with the 
(weaker side). However, I hold the 
belief that … [+ summarize your 
belief that … [+ summarize your  points]
points] … (stronger side) Strongly disagree:
In conclusion, I oppose the belief 
that … [+ summarize your points] Partly agree:
In conclusion, while I concur with the
belief that … [+ summarize your 
points], I do not think that … [+  summarize your points] Practice:
Some people think that youngsters should get involved in unpaid work, while
others oppose as it may affect their career. Discuss both the sides and give  your opinion. 
Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in
their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit 
both the individual teenager and society as a whole. Do you agree or  disagree? 
