Tiểu luận cuối kì: Phân tích và Cải tiến Tư duy Hệ thống | Môn Tư duy hệ thống - Đại học Sư phạm Kỹ thuật Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KĨ THUẬT TPHCM
SUBJECT: SYSTEMATIC THINKING ĐỀ BÀI: SYSTEMS THINKING ESSAY
GVHD: Diệp Phương Chi CLASS: 01FIE MEMBERS:
Vũ Bích Trâm 24124081
Lý Phương Trinh 241240
Nguyễn La An Tiên 24124078
Phan Nguyễn Ngọc Anh Thư 24124077
Tp Hồ Chí Minh, ngày 5 tháng 3 năm 2025 lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885 Table of Contents
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................2
2. Question 1: Evaluating "Nonviolent Communication" Using the Principles,
Characteristics, and Components of Systems Thinking...............................................2 2.1
Principles of Systems Thinking in Book Evaluation........................................2 2.2
Characteristics of Systems Thinking Applied in Book Evaluation...................2 2.3
Components of Systems Thinking in Book Evaluation...................................2
3. Personal feelings.................................................................................................3 3.1
Vũ Bích Trâm.....................................................................................................3 3.2
Nguyễn La An Tiên.............................................................................................3 3.3
Lý Phương Trinh.................................................................................................3 3.4
Phan Nguyễn Ngọc Anh Thư...............................................................................3
4. Question 2: Analysis of the Production and Business of SAP SCM Supply Chain
Management Software from Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Perspectives Using
a macro perspective...................................................................................................3
4.1 Using a macro perspective.................................................................................3
4.2 Using a micro persective....................................................................................3
5. Question 3: Improving an Office Chair Using the Focal Object and DOIT Methods
from a Systems Thinking Perspective.........................................................................3
5.1 Improving the Office Chair for Better Health and Work Efficiency.....................3
5.2 Applying the Focal Object and DOIT Methods to Innovate the Office Chair........4
5.3 Overview of the Final Improved Office Chair: Structure, Function, and System
Dynamics.................................................................................................................4
6. Conclution............................................................................................................5 1.Introduction
Why I Chose the Book "Nonviolent Communication"
In an age where conflict, misunderstanding, and tension in communication are
becoming more and more common – from family, school, to workplace, and even
online space – finding an effective, empathetic, and respectful way to communicate is
urgent. With the desire to improve my ability to listen, express my feelings honestly,
and resolve disagreements constructively, I chose to read Nonviolent Communication by Marshall B. Rosenberg. lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
The book is not only a handbook on communication skills, but also a deeply
humanistic philosophical approach. It helps readers understand that behind every
behavior are unmet needs, and that people can connect with each other through
empathy instead of judgment or blame. With a clear theoretical system, many practical
examples and specific practical exercises, Nonviolent Communication promises to
bring value not only in personal dialogue but also in building sustainable relationships at the social level.
Choosing this book is a deliberate choice: to learn how to “speak so that others will
listen, and listen so that others will be willing to speak”, while nurturing a kind and
empathetic communication environment – something that modern society needs. This
is also a step on the journey to build inner understanding and sincere connection with others.
Objectives of studying the book "Nonviolent Communication"
The main objective of studying the book Nonviolent Communication is to understand
and effectively apply the communication method proposed by Marshall B. Rosenberg,
to improve the ability to listen, express oneself honestly and build empathetic
connections with others. Through analyzing the content, structure and practical
examples in the book, I hope to clearly identify the ways of communication that cause
potential violence in daily life, and at the same time learn how to transform them into
positive, non-judgmental dialogue. In addition, I also aim to evaluate the applicability
of this method in different social contexts, from family to education, workplace and
community. Through that, I hope the book will not only bring personal value, but also
expand positive influence to the surrounding communication environment.
2.Question 1: Evaluating "Nonviolent Communication"
Using the Principles, Characteristics, and Components of Systems Thinking
2.1 Principles of Systems Thinking in Book Evaluation
• Comprehensive View: The book is approached holistically — from its core
message, structure, and examples to its real-life impact. Nonviolent Communication by
Dr. Marshall Rosenberg introduces a method of communication based on compassion
and empathy. It has influenced millions globally and is praised for its transformative
effect on personal and professional relationships.
• Structure and Consistency: The chapters are logically organized, moving from
foundational theory (how people unconsciously use violent language) to practical tools lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
(the four components of NVC: observation, feeling, need, request), and then to real-life
applications. Key concepts are intentionally repeated to reinforce understanding.
• Theory into Practice: The book strongly connects theory with practical examples.
Real-life stories, sample dialogues, and reflection exercises help readers apply the
NVC method in daily communication. Its strength lies in usability, although practicing
NVC regularly requires time and commitment.
• Core Message and Implementation: The main message is clear and consistent:
build empathetic connections by expressing needs honestly and listening without
judgment. This idea is repeated throughout all chapters and applied across different social settings.
• Social Impact and Reception: Nonviolent Communication has been well received
worldwide and is used in education, therapy, leadership, and conflict resolution. It has
become a foundational work in emotional education and peaceful dialogue, including
in Vietnam’s growing emotional learning programs.
• Strengths and Limitations: The book offers deep insight into emotional
awareness and communication. However, it doesn’t focus much on nonverbal
techniques (e.g., body language) and requires long-term effort to internalize. Some
cultural contexts may also find full emotional openness challenging to apply.
2.2 Characteristics of Systems Thinking Applied in Book Evaluation
2.3 Components of Systems Thinking in Book Evaluation
The book Nonviolent Communication by Marshall B. Rosenberg, PhD in psychology
and an expert in communication training, introduces a method of communication built
on mutual understanding and respect. Rosenberg presents a four-step model—
Observation, Feelings, Needs, and Requests—to help individuals develop more
empathetic and constructive relationships. The book is structured into chapters that
guide readers from foundational concepts to practical applications. For example,
Chapter 1 explores how communication can either harm or heal, while Chapter 2
introduces the core NVC model. Subsequent chapters delve into observing without
judgment, expressing emotions accurately, identifying underlying needs, making
respectful requests, and listening with empathy. Later chapters address selfcompassion,
managing anger, resolving conflict, and applying NVC in various fields such as
education, family life, workplaces, and even political activism. lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
An illustrative example involves a father responding to his son’s lack of study habits.
Instead of labeling his son as “lazy,” the father follows the NVC process: he makes a
neutral observation (“I saw you playing games from 7 to 10 without doing
homework”), expresses his feelings (“I feel worried and frustrated”), identifies his
need (“I need to feel that you’re taking responsibility”), and finally makes a clear
request (“Can you schedule at least one hour for math before gaming?”). This approach
fosters understanding and cooperation rather than resistance and conflict.
The book’s presentation is clear and coherent, with summaries at the end of each
chapter to aid retention. The content flows logically from concepts to examples to
realworld applications. Rosenberg’s tone is sincere and personal, using his own
experiences to build a close connection with readers. Though the book was written in a
Western context, its messages are universal and highly applicable in Vietnam,
especially in education, family, and workplace settings. Ultimately, the book seeks to
inspire kind communication, educate readers on emotional awareness, and change the
perception that “nonviolence” is merely about avoiding conflict—it is about
transforming how we speak and listen.
The book clearly defines its system boundaries. It is targeted at adults, educators,
parents, leaders, and anyone interested in improving their communication. Its topic
centers on nonviolent communication, with the goal of creating connection and
empathy rather than simply persuading or winning arguments. 3. Personal feelings 3.1 Vũ Bích Trâm
In the journey of changing and improving myself every day – from outer appearance to
behavior, from emotional intelligence (EQ) to logical thinking (IQ) – I have begun to pay
more attention to how I communicate with others. Thanks to listening to personal
development videos on YouTube, I discovered the book Nonviolent Communication by
Dr. Marshall B. Rosenberg – a work that truly changed the way I view language. I had
never realized before that I, too, often used violent language in my daily communication.
The book not only helped me identify this, but it also opened up a new direction: how to
express what I want in a sincere, empathetic, and connecting way.
As a student majoring in "Industrial Management," I understand that effective
communication skills are not only important in personal life but also crucial in the
professional environment – where collaboration and coordination between departments lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
and people are essential. Therefore, Nonviolent Communication is not only an inspiring
book but also a practical tool that helps me better prepare for my future career.
Nonviolent Communication is a method of communication based on empathy,
compassion, and mutual respect. In the book, the author – Dr. Marshall B. Rosenberg –
guides readers on how to identify their true feelings, thoughts, and needs, and how to
express them sincerely and non-hurtfully. At the same time, he helps readers learn how to
listen deeply to others – not just hearing their words but understanding the emotions and
needs behind those words, even when the message they convey may be harsh or difficult to hear.
What impresses me is that Nonviolent Communication is not just a theoretical concept,
but has been effectively applied in many real-world environments – from families,
schools, and businesses to war-torn regions. The author has implemented this method in
over 60 countries around the world, including conflict zones such as the Middle East,
Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. The book has even been used to change the internal culture at
Microsoft during the leadership of CEO Satya Nadella – shifting from confrontation to
collaboration and mutual understanding.
With its accessible writing style, blending theory and practical examples, the book not
only provides knowledge about communication but also encourages me to reflect on how
I interact with others – and from there, gradually change to foster more sincere and
positive connections both in my personal life and in the workplace later on.
What first impressed me about Nonviolent Communication was the author’s writing style
– gentle, clear, but deeply profound. Marshall Rosenberg does not use complex academic
terms but chooses simple, understandable language. He skillfully combines theory with
practice, frequently offering real-life examples – from small family conflicts to complex
social disputes – to clearly illustrate each concept. This helps readers not only understand
the theoretical aspects but also know how to apply them in daily life. Especially, the "deer
and wolf" symbol – representing two contrasting communication styles – is a creative,
memorable, and visual highlight that helped me clearly visualize the difference between
violent and nonviolent communication.
In addition to the accessible presentation style, the book conveys a profound message:
“Transform the way we think and communicate to connect with anyone, anywhere, at any
time – in both work and personal life.” This is not only a necessary soft skill but also a
way of life – a way to establish sustainable, healthy relationships based on empathy and mutual respect.
For me personally, the book has been like a “mirror” that helped me reflect on myself. I
realized that I used to communicate in a roundabout, vague way, hoping others would
understand what I meant without directly expressing what I truly needed. This not only lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
made me feel uncomfortable but also unintentionally caused pressure and
misunderstandings for the person on the other side. Furthermore, I became more aware of
the judgments hidden in everyday speech – words that seemed ordinary but could carry
emotional violence. Nonviolent Communication helped me learn to express my feelings
honestly but without causing harm, and to communicate my needs while still respecting the other person.
Before reading Nonviolent Communication, I was very impressed by the book Don’t
Choose Comfort When You Are Young – a powerful work about the importance of
continuous effort and self-discipline to build a successful future. That book helped me
reevaluate my easy-going lifestyle, leading me to develop habits of more goal-oriented
and disciplined work in my daily life.
However, while Don’t Choose Comfort When You Are Young focuses on the motivation
to act, overcome laziness, and procrastination, Nonviolent Communication emphasizes
how we connect with others and ourselves through words. One focuses on developing
internal strength to achieve success, while the other delves into building healthy
relationships – something just as important in the journey of growth. Both books
contribute to shaping a more positive lifestyle, helping me understand that success comes
not only from personal effort but also from the ability to understand, communicate, and
collaborate with those around us.
Nonviolent Communication is not just a skill book, but a guide to changing my mindset,
adjusting how I communicate, and building more positive relationships in life. With its
sincere, practical, and highly applicable writing style, the book has left me with many
valuable lessons – not only for my personal life but also as an essential tool for the
workplace later on, especially since I am pursuing a degree in Industrial Management,
where collaboration and communication are key. Along with other inspiring books,
Nonviolent Communication contributes to helping me shape a positive, empathetic, and
mature lifestyle every day. This is definitely a book I will read many times in the future. 3.2 Nguyễn La An Tiên
Nonviolent Communication by Dr. Marshall B. Rosenberg is a transformative book that changed
the way I see communication and human connection. More than just a set of techniques, it
introduces a philosophy of living based on empathy, compassion, and honest expression.
The book presents a four-step model—observation, feelings, needs, and requests. Though the
method seems simple, I found it incredibly powerful when applied in real-life situations. Instead
of reacting with blame or judgment, I learned to pause, listen deeply, and express what I truly feel and need. lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
What I love most about the book is how Rosenberg uses real stories—from family struggles to
workplace conflicts, even complex social issues—to bring his ideas to life. These stories inspired
me and made me realize that anyone can change their way of communicating with patience and willingness.
Since reading the book, I’ve started observing my own communication patterns. I noticed that I
used to say things like “Why are you always like this?” or “She’s so selfish!” without considering
others’ feelings or needs. Now, I try to speak from the heart and connect with what’s truly going
on inside me. This shift has brought more authenticity and calm into my relationships.
I believe this book is for everyone—not only those facing challenges in communication but
anyone who wants to live more kindly, understand others better, and grow emotionally.
Whether you're a student, a teacher, a parent, or a leader, there’s deep value in every page of this book.
For me, Nonviolent Communication is more than a book—it’s a companion on my journey
toward becoming more mindful, compassionate, and truly connected to both myself and the world around me. 3.3 Lý Phương Trinh
The book Nonviolent Communication by Dr. Marshall B. Rosenberg is an outstanding
work in the field of developing communication skills and building healthy relationships.
The book introduces research on the method of communication based on compassion,
helping readers change the way they perceive and express emotions and needs sincerely
in daily communication. At the same time, listen and understand others without judging
or causing harm. This method of communication also helps people connect with each
other on the basis of empathy and respect. The main contents of the book: Understand
and express emotions and needs; Listen with empathy; Resolve conflicts peacefully; Build
strong relationships. With a clear and easyto-understand writing style, author Marshall B.
Rosenberg not only presents theory but also gives many close illustrative examples for
readers to easily apply in life. What impressed me most was the 4-step communication
method: observation - emotions - needs - requests. It sounds theoretical, but when I
applied it, I felt a real change: I was calmer, a better listener, and less angry than before.
The book also taught me that behind every action or word, there is an unmet need - and
if we understand that, empathy will replace negative reactions. In particular, the way he
emphasized "compassion" in communication made me think a lot about my
responsibility in the way I speak and behave. Here is a quote from the book that
especially made me ponder and understand it through the author's explanation: "The
purpose of nonviolent communication is not to change others or to win, but to establish lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
a relationship based on empathy and mutual respect." This quote clarifies the humanistic
philosophy of the book - communication is not about winning or losing, but about truly
connecting. It helps us look back at the motives in the way we talk to others every day.
Nonviolent Communication is also like a “life manual” that helps me adjust my attitude,
know how to listen to myself and others. For me, this is not just a book, but a turning
point in the journey of training emotions and building more sincere relationships. If you
are looking for a way to understand others without hurting them – or yourself – then I
believe this book will be a very worthy companion.
3.4 Phan Nguyễn Ngọc Anh Thư
"Nonviolent communication" is a book full of humanity and reality. The book is not
merely about effective communication but also opens a sympathetic approach, helping
readers recognize themselves, understand the emotions and needs inside. Since then,
the relationship is sincere and not hurt. One of the most valuable things in the book is
the ability to heal. In modern society, we communicate a lot but very little connection.
The misunderstandings, criticisms, and reproach sometimes we are inevitable. The book
is a source of life, a source of knowledge to help relationships as closely connected. The
book does not teach us to "speak smartly" to have trouble but help us face ourselves,
with injuries, the needs that have not been met, and thereby opened our hearts to
others. The change starts from the inside of each person - from learning how to accept
their emotions, to learning how to listen to others without defending or responding to.
The book emphasizes that every negative behavior often stems from an unmet need.
Instead of judging, the author encourages us to listen to the needs behind the words of
others — this helps us to refrain from reacting angrily, thereby creating a more sincere
connection. One of the things that impressed me the most is that the book focuses not
only on communicating with others, but also on teaching us how to communicate with
ourselves. When we learn to honestly identify our own feelings and needs, we begin to
heal from within. We no longer blame ourselves for mistakes, no longer torment
ourselves with negative emotions, but instead understand and care for ourselves. This is
a special point that makes Nonviolent Communication go far beyond the limits of a
typical “soft skills” book. In short, Nonviolent
Communication is a book worth reading slowly, carefully, and rereading many times. It is
a guide for those who want to live more kindly, more deeply connected to others and to
themselves. With simplicity, sincerity, and practicality, Marshall Rosenberg has given
readers a powerful tool for living a life with less conflict but more compassion and understanding. lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
4. Question 2: Analysis of the Production and
Business of SAP SCM Supply Chain Management Software
from Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Perspectives Using a macro perspective 4.1 Using a macro perspective
STARTUP ESSAY: POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR SAP SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT (SCM) SOFTWARE Introduction
In the context of an increasingly complex and volatile global economy, supply chain
management (SCM) has become a critical factor for the survival and development of
businesses. According to Technavio’s forecasts, the global SCM software market is
expected to experience remarkable growth, from USD 17.3 billion during 2022–2027 to
tens of billions of dollars by 2030. Among the existing SCM solutions, SAP Supply Chain
Management (SAP SCM) stands out as a comprehensive platform, integrating advanced
technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things
(IoT). This essay analyzes the macro factors affecting the market, assesses startup
opportunities revolving around SAP SCM, and proposes effective development strategies for startups in this field. Macroeconomic Analysis
Globalization, geopolitical fluctuations, and changes in trade agreements have posed
many challenges to cross-border supply chains. SAP SCM allows businesses to flexibly
adjust their operational models, thereby enhancing resilience against trade and
geopolitical risks. Additionally, the rapid development of AI, blockchain, and IoT is
profoundly transforming modern SCM operations. When these technologies are
integrated into SAP SCM, they not only improve forecasting accuracy but also optimize
traceability and supply chain monitoring.
Another important factor is sustainability and environmental compliance— increasingly
strict regulations in the EU and North America require businesses to adopt green supply
chains. SAP SCM supports companies in carbon reporting, emission measurement, and
meeting ESG standards. Furthermore, in the post-COVID-19 era, the need to build flexible
and secure supply chains has become more urgent, strongly driving investment in solutions like SAP SCM. Market Analysis
The SCM market is experiencing strong growth, with a CAGR of 12.98% from 2022–2027.
Specifically, the SAP SCM consulting market is also recording a CAGR of 8.5% by 2030. lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
Although it faces competition from platforms like Oracle SCM Cloud, Blue Yonder, and
Infor, SAP SCM maintains its leading position thanks to its integration with the SAP
S/4HANA system and its configurability across industries.
The digital transformation trend is driving the shift from on-premises systems to cloud
and SaaS platforms. SAP SCM SaaS not only helps reduce initial investment costs but also
facilitates rapid deployment. Additionally, advanced AI and data analytics solutions in
SAP SCM help businesses make optimal decisions, while blockchain and IoT ensure
transparency and real-time traceability. Startup Strategy
To fully leverage the potential of the SAP SCM market, startups need to choose smart
and adaptive startup strategies:
First, identifying a niche market is essential. Sectors with complex supply chains such as
healthcare, automotive, and aviation are in great need of customized solutions to
optimize operational efficiency. Based on this, startups can develop pre-configured SAP
SCM packages for each industry, such as integrating cold storage in healthcare or
managing spare parts logistics for aviation.
Alongside the product, startups can offer comprehensive management services from
consulting, implementation, to system optimization and maintenance, thereby creating
long-term stable revenue streams. Formal partnerships with SAP also provide significant
advantages in terms of credibility, technical support, and market access.
In addition, technological innovation will be a key differentiating factor. Startups can
integrate AI to enhance forecasting, IoT for real-time inventory tracking, and blockchain
to ensure transparency in traceability—particularly useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Another important support factor is developing educational content to attract and raise
customer awareness, through blogs, webinars, whitepapers, or specialized seminars.
Finally, success stories (case studies) will help increase persuasiveness and build trust
among new customers by highlighting real-world effectiveness in implemented projects.
Implementation and Development
The startup project implementation process should begin with an indepth market
research phase to clearly identify a suitable niche. This is followed by the customized
solution development phase, simultaneously building a human resources team and
conducting SAPstandard training. Once ready, the business can launch a content
marketing campaign and connect with target customers, thereby deploying services to its lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
first clients. During operations, recording and publishing successful projects will help
expand market share and strengthen the brand. Risks and Solutions
Starting up in the SAP SCM field, while full of potential, is not without risks. One major
challenge is the high competition from longestablished players. The solution is to focus
on niche markets and apply new technologies to create differentiation. Additionally, the
high initial implementation costs are a significant barrier, which can be overcome by
offering SaaS models to reduce investment costs for clients.
Lack of expertise is also a common issue for new startups. This should be addressed
through intensive training and partnerships with SAP to enhance team proficiency.
Finally, to cope with economic fluctuations, startups should diversify their customer
industries to avoid dependence on a single market. Conclusion
The supply chain management software market is entering a booming phase, and SAP
SCM stands out as a comprehensive platform ripe for startup exploitation. Identifying
niche markets, integrating new technologies, offering value-added services, and
partnering with SAP will help startups not only adapt but also create sustainable
competitive advantages in today’s era of digitalization and globalization. 4.2 Using a micro persective
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF THE PRODUCT
In the context of globalization and digital transformation, the supply chain has become a
crucial factor for all businesses, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs),
which often face challenges in managing raw materials, controlling inventory, and
tracking the delivery process. SmartSCM is a software solution designed to help
businesses effectively manage their entire supply chain, from input to output. It enables
companies to minimize inventory costs, accurately forecast demand, improve
relationships with suppliers and customers, and automate various operations. Key features
of SmartSCM include real-time inventory tracking, purchasing and production planning,
integration with shipping units, and data analysis capabilities to optimize overall costs.
2. ANALYSIS FROM A MICRO PERSPECTIVE
2.1. Market structure analysis
SmartSCM operates in a Monopolistic Competition market, because: lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885 Characteristic SCM Software Market Many sellers
There are many competitors like SAP, Oracle, Odoo, Zoho…
Differentiated products Each software has different features, interface, and support. Easy to enter the
Small tech companies can absolutely participate. market
Decide your own price Companies price their products according to customer segments.
Therefore, SmartChain Tech chooses a strategy focusing on product differentiation and
capturing niche markets, specifically small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam and
Southeast Asia - a segment that is not deeply interested by the "big guys".
2.2. Supply and demand analysis
The demand for supply chain management (SCM) software is influenced by several key
factors. Price plays a major role, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that
operate with limited budgets and tend to prioritize affordable yet effective solutions. User
preferences also affect demand—young and newly established businesses often favor
modern, intuitive interfaces. As business revenue increases, companies become more
willing to invest in SCM software to optimize operations. Additionally, expectations for
the software to reduce both costs and time are strong motivators. As a result, the demand
curve for SCM software slopes downward—meaning that as the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases.
On the supply side, several elements shape the availability of SCM software. The cost of
production involves high initial fixed costs, such as development and testing, but
relatively low marginal costs for each additional unit sold. Technological advancements
have reduced programming costs, allowing developers to expand software functionality
more efficiently. Furthermore, an increase in the number of software providers contributes
to greater market supply. Consequently, the supply curve slopes upward—higher prices
encourage more companies to enter the market or invest in launching new features.
2.3. Marginal cost and marginal revenue
Marginal cost (MC) in the SCM software industry is relatively low after the initial
development phase. Once the software has been created, the cost of serving each
additional customer is minimal—typically limited to server storage and technical support.
As a result, the marginal cost is close to zero, allowing companies to benefit from lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
significant economies of scale. On the other hand, marginal revenue (MR) is sustained
through subscription-based pricing models, such as monthly or annual fees, where each
new customer generates ongoing income. As long as MR exceeds MC, it is profitable for
businesses to continue expanding. Companies will ideally grow their market reach until
MR equals MC, which is the point of profit maximization. 2.4. Pricing Strategy
Applying the segmented pricing model (Tiered Pricing): Service packageCharacteristic Estimated price Basic Free, limited features 0 VNĐ Standard
Full features, online support399.000 VNĐ/month Enterprise
Customizable, 1:1 support Agree
→ This pricing approach helps:
• Attract a large number of new customers through the free plan
• Maximize revenue from higher demand customers
2.5. Profit Maximization
According to microeconomic theory, a business maximizes profit when marginal revenue
(MR) equals marginal cost (MC). In the case of SCM software like SmartChain, where
the MC is close to zero and MR remains positive, the company can continuously expand
its customer base to increase profits. At the same time, SmartChain can reinvest its
earnings into research and development (R&D) to retain existing customers—thereby
reducing the churn rate—and to enhance the software’s features, which in turn can raise
the marginal revenue per user. This strategy allows the company to grow sustainably
while maintaining long-term profitability. 2.6. Elasticity Price Elasticity:
Very high for SME customers → if the price increases, they will easily switch to
another solution. → Therefore, it is necessary to keep the price stable or have
promotions.Co Income Elasticity:
When business income increases → software package upgrade trend. → Suggest
reasonable upsell strategy for the group. lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
3. BUSINESS STRATEGY FROM A MICRO PERSPECTIVE Micro factors Application to product
Market structure Monopolistic competition → need to create clear differentiation
Consumer behaviorPrice and simplicity are the two deciding factors. Leverage to scale Low marginal costs MR = MC
Basis for market expansion strategy Package pricing
Maximize profits by customer segment 4. Conclude
Applying a microeconomic perspective has enabled the SmartChain Tech startup team to
better understand how the market operates and to make informed strategic decisions
based on consumer behavior, pricing structures, and production costs. This approach has
also helped the team develop a flexible and adaptive business model focused on profit
maximization. Moreover, it has guided the creation of a product with strong potential for
sustainable growth by aligning development efforts with economic principles and market demand.
5. Question 3: Improving an Office Chair Using the Focal
Object and DOIT Methods from a Systems Thinking Perspective
5.1 Improving the Office Chair for Better Health and Work Efficiency
I chose the office chair as the product to improve because it is an item closely associated
with my future career. As an industrial management student, I have determined that after lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
graduation, I will primarily work in an office environment, where I will have to sit for
long hours. However, the reality is that most office chairs today still do not provide the
comfort and proper support needed for long periods of use. Sitting in incorrect postures or
lacking support for the back and neck can easily lead to health problems. Therefore, I
hope to improve the office chair to better suit the needs of modern work, offering both
comfort and health protection for users, thus contributing to increased work efficiency
5.2 Applying the Focal Object and DOIT Methods to Innovate the Office Chair
To implement the improvement, I applied two creative thinking methods: the Focused
Object method and the DOIT method. These are two methods that help view problems
from a new perspective and come up with feasible ideas.
First, with the Focused Object method, I chose the office chair as the main object and a
cat as the secondary object – an animal known for its flexibility and always finding
comfortable resting positions. From this characteristic, I thought about designing a chair
that could adjust its position flexibly, allowing the user to change sitting positions
comfortably, similar to how a cat moves, stretches, or curls up. Additionally, the
inspiration from the cat’s flexible body led me to the idea of using smart cushion
materials that are elastic and conform closely to the body for better support. As a result,
the chair would no longer be a rigid object but would become a "companion" supporting
the user during long working hours.
Secondly, I applied the DOIT method to implement the idea systematically.
In step D – Diagnose: I identified the issue as office chairs often causing back pain, neck
pain, and lack of flexibility when sitting for long periods.
Next, O – Objectives: I set the goal to make the user feel more comfortable, maintain
proper posture, and minimize negative health impacts.
In step I – Ideas: I proposed a chair with a back-supporting design, memory foam
material, and adjustable backrest and armrest positions. Additionally, I wanted to integrate
a smart sensor to track sitting time and remind users to change positions regularly.
Finally, in step T – Transformation: I would create a product prototype and survey office
users to refine the design. If feasible, the product could come with a mobile app to
monitor sitting time and offer posture suggestions.
By applying these two creative thinking methods, I realized that a familiar product like an
office chair can be improved in a more humane and practical direction. At the same time,
this process also helped me gain a better understanding of design thinking and product
management – essential skills in the industrial management field that I am studying. lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885
5.3 Overview of the Final Improved Office Chair: Structure, Function, and System Dynamics
The product is a smart office chair designed to support proper sitting posture, reduce back
and neck pain, and remind users to change positions to protect their health.
System Objective: To enhance comfort, maintain user health, and improve work productivity.
Subsystems and Components: •
Flexible frame: adjusts to the user’s sitting posture. •
Memory foam cushion: conforms to the body for better support. •
Smart sensors: monitor sitting time and posture. •
Mobile app: connects to sensors, sends reminders to adjust posture.
Interaction: Components work together, combining physical support with digital reminders.
Emergent Property: The chair not only passively supports but also actively improves user habits.
Operating Principle / System's Compulsion: Operates by adapting to user posture while
enforcing healthy behavior through alerts and suggestions. 6. Conclution lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885 STT SĐT HỌ VÀ TÊN MÃ SỐ SINH TỶ LỆ % SINH VIÊN VIÊN HOÀN THÀNH 1 Phan Nguyễn 24124077 100% 039688649 Ngọc Anh Thư 2 Nguyễn La An 24124078 100% 0867647406 Tiên 3 Vũ Bích Trâm 24124081 100% 038237538 4 Lý Phương 24124085 100% 036572295 Trinh lOMoAR cPSD| 58778885