Tổng hợp tiếng anh cơ bản 2: Reading Comprehension | Học viện tài chính

lOMoAR cPSD| 49431889 READING COMPREHENSION TEXT 1
II.1. Fill in each gap in the text with one of the words in the box about received have consume spreadin d g high standard to organiza low tions difficult developi encourag benefits charity ng e
Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which grows in warm, tropical areas. However, the majority
of delicious chocolate made from cacao is (1) consumed in Europe and North America. This
probably sounds like a familiar story, with (2) developing countries producing inexpensive raw
materials that are manufactured and sold as finished goods in developed countries, and generally,
that’s what happens with chocolate.
But the familiar story has a new chapter. Beginning in the 1980s, some consumers learned that
cacao farmers were living (3) d ifficult .and uncertain lives. The farmers received money for the
crops based on world markets, which was sometimes so (4) low that ( cấu trúc so that) farmers (5)
received less for their crops than the crops had cost to produce. In response, groups of consumers
in Europe and the United States developed “fair trade” organizations to guarantee that farmers of
cacao, as well as coffee and tea, would receive fair and consistent prices for their crops, as in such
(6) organizations, cacao beans and other products are bought directly at higher-than-market prices
and “middle men” such as exporters are eliminated. Fair trade organizations also (7) encourage
farming techniques that are not harmful to the environment or to farm workers, for example,
growing cacao without chemical pesticides or fertilizers…
The results of fair trade are a better (8) standard of living for some farmers and gourmet
chocolate bars are made with organically produced cacao that consumers don’t feel guilty (9)
about buying. The fair trade idea is (10) spreading quickly, so you may soon see fair trade
chocolate right next to the more famous bars in your favourite store. * Từ mới:
- farming techniques: kỹ thuật canh tác
- farm workers: người lao động nông nghiệp
- gourmet chocolate bars : thanh sô cô la cao cấp
- inexpensive raw materials: vật liệu thô rẻ tiền - consistent: kiên định, đồng đều, nhất quán *Dịch:
Chocolate xuất phát từ cây ca cao, mọc ở khu vực ấm áp và nhiệt đới. Tuy nhiên, phần lớn socola
ngon được làm từ cây cacao được tiêu thụ ở châu Âu và Bắc Mỹ. Điều này nghe có vẻ như một
câu chuyện quen thuộc, với tất cả các quốc gia đnag phát triển sản xuất nguyên liệu rẻ tiền được
chế biến và bán như hàng hoá hoàn thiện ở các nước phát triển, và nói chung, đó là điều xảy ra với socola.
Nhưng câu chuyện quen thuộc này có một chương mới. Bắt đầu từ những năm 1980, một số người
tiêu dùng biết được rằng người nông dân cacao đang sống một cuộc sống khó khăn và không ổn
định. Những người nông dân nhận tiền cho các mùa vụ dựa trên thị trường thế giới, Đôi khi là mức
giá quá thấp đến nỗi nông dân nhận được ít hơn so với chi phí sản xuất. Nhằm đáp ứng cho vấn đề
này, các nhóm người tiêu dùng ở châu Âu và Hoa Kỳ đã phát triển các tổ chức “Thương mại công
bằng” để đảm bảo rằng nông dân caocao, cũng như cà phê và trà, sẽ nhận được giá cả công bằng
và ổn định cho sản phẩm của họ. Trong những tổ chức như vậy, hạt cacao và các sản phẩm khác lOMoAR cPSD| 49431889
được mua trực tiếp với giá cao hơn thị trường và “người trung gian” như những người xuất khẩu
được loại bỏ. Các tổ chức thương mại công bằng cũng khuyến khích các kỹ thuật canh tác không
gây hại cho môi trường hoặc người lao động nông nghiệp, ví dụ như việc trồng cacao mà không sử
dụng thuốc trừ sâu hoặc phân bón hoá học…
Kết quả của thương mại công bằng là cuộc sống tốt đẹp hơn đối với một số nông dân và thanh
socola cao cấp được làm từ cacao hữu cơ mà người tiêu dùng không cảm thấy tội lỗi khi mua. Ý
tưởng thương mại công bằng đang lan rộng nhanh chóng, vì vậy bạn có thể sớm thấy ngành thương
mại socola công bằng ngay cạnh các thanh nổi tiếng hơn trong của hàng yêu thích của bạn.
II.2. According to the text, circle the correct answer A, B, C or D
1. Cacao trees might be grown in…………… A. Brazil B. Greece C. Canada D. England
2. Consumer groups created fair trade organizations……………
A. to invest in world markets.
B. to get more money to farmers.
C. to make crops cheaper to produce.
D. to respond to consumers in Europe.
3. Because of world markets,……………
A. cacao farmers get a consistent price for their crops.
B. prices for cacao beans go up and down.
C. consumers in Europe and the United States pay high prices for chocolate.
D. chocolate costs more than coffee or tea.
4. Fair trade organizations benefit farmers……………
A. by buying cacao beans from “middle men”.
B. by encouraging farmers to protect the environment.
C. by giving farmers more money.
D. by labeling products that are not fairly traded.5. The author implies that……………
A. there will be more fair trade chocolate in the future.
B. fair trade chocolate is not as tasty as other chocolate.
C. consumers feel guilty about buying fair trade chocolate.
D. there is probably no reason to worry about cacao farmers. TEXT 2
II.1. Fill in each gap in the text with one of the words in the box
prepared balancin start income g for
bad reality with disadvan advantag tages es money take decide little few
For many people, having your own business sounds like the perfect job as you can do whatever
you want. But the reality is different. “Having your own business can be lonely,” says David Paik.
After working for an advertising agency for six years, he started a website design business at home.
His income in the first two months was $0. Finally, he got a big project creating a website for a
magazine. Then he had a new problem, his schedule. “I was working twelve hours a day, seven
days a week, because I didn’t have employees to help me”. Today, Paik Web Design is successful,
but David says “I really wasn’t prepared to be a business owner. I didn’t understand the challenges”
Some of the challenges are practical. With no boss, it’s easy to take too much time off – and get
too little work done. You have to pay for your own benefits. And if you make a bad business decision, lOMoAR cPSD| 49431889
you could lose all the money that you invested. For all of these reasons, more than half of all new
businesses fail within one year. Another proplem is balancing work with personal life. As a business
owner, you can’t just stop at 5 p.m. and forget about your work until tomorrow. “Even when I’m
watching TV in the evening, I’m always thinking about my clients and my projects”, says David Paik.
Still, hundreds of people around the world start business every day, and most enjoy the
experience. There are still lots of advantages to having your own business, such as you can decide
exactly how to do your work, how much money you want to make, who will work for you and of
course, when you are your own boss, there are no limits in developing the company. That still
sounds interesting, doesn’t it? *Từ mới:
- a website design business: kinh doanh thiết kế website *Dịch:
Đối với nhiều người, việc sở hữu doanh nghiệp cá nhân nghe có vẻ như là một công việc hoàn
hảo vì bạn có thể làm bất cứ điều gì bạn muốn. Nhưng thực thế lại khác. “Việc sở hữu một doanh
nghiệp của riêng bạn có thể là một hành trình cô đơn”, như David Paik chia sẻ. Sau khi làm việc
cho một công ty quảng cáo khoảng 6 năm, anh bắt đầu kinh doanh thiết kế website tại nhà. Thu
nhập của anh trong 2 tháng đầu tiên là $0. Cuối cùng, anh có được một dự án lớn tạo website cho
một tạp chí. Sau đó, anh phải đối mặt với một vấn đề lớn, đó là lịch trình của anh. “ Tôi đá làm
việc 12h/ngày, bày ngày/tuần, vì tôi không có nhân viên để giúp đỡ”, anh nói. Ngày nay, Paik Web
Design đã thành công, nhưng David nói: “ Thực sự tôi không chuẩn bị để trở thành chủ doanh
nghiệm. Tôi không hiểu rõ về những thách thức đó”
Một số thách thức là các vấn đề thực tế. Không có sếp, việc nghỉ quá nhiều và làm quá ít công
việc trở nên dễ dàng. Bạn phải tự trả tiền cho các quyền lợi của mình. Và Nếu bạn đưa ra một quyết
định kinh doanh tồi tệ, bạn có thể mất toàn bộ số tiền bạn đã đầu tư. Vì tất cả những lý do này, hơn
một nửa số doanh nghiệp mới thất bại trong vòng một năm. Vấn đề khác là cân bằng công việc và
cuộc sống với cuộc sống cá nhân. Làm chủ doanh nghiệp, bạn không thể chỉ đơn giản dựng lại lúc
5h chiều và quên công việc cho đến ngày mai. “ Ngay cả khi tôi đnag xem TV vào buổi tối, tôi
luôn nghĩ về khách hàng và dự án của mình’, DP chia sẻ.
Tuy nhiên, hàng trăm người trên thế giới bắt đầu kinh doanh mỗi ngyaf, và hầu hết đều tận hưởng
trải nghiệm. Vẫn còn rất nhiều lợi ích khi sở hữu doanh nghiệp của bạn, như là bạn có thể quyết
định chính xác cách thức làm việc, muốn kiếm bao nhiêu tiền, ai sẽ làm việc cho bạn và tất nhiên
khi chính bạn là sếp, không có giới hạn trong việc phát triển trong công ty. Điều đó nghe có vẻ thú vị, phải không?
II.2. According to the text, circle the correct answer A, B, C or D
1. What was/were the problems of David Paik when doing business himself?
A. He felt lonely in doing work B. He had no salary
C. He couldn’t deal with his time D. Both A, B, and C
2. What was David Paik first job as a business owner?
A. The agent for an advertising company B. The design for a website
C. The arrangment for an advertising agency’s schedule lOMoAR cPSD| 49431889
D. The pay for advertising employees
3. Why do more than a half of all new businesses fail in 1 year?
A. Because many of start-ups have practical problems.
B. Because many new companies get too little work done.
C. Because normally new businesses lose much money.
D. Because they do not have enough experience.
4. According to the author, what is not the disadvantage of being your own boss? A.
Business owners have so many practical problems to deal with.
B. Business owners have to work much harder than other employees do.
C. Business owners have to sleep less.
D. Business owners have to balance their work with their private life.
5. What of the following is not mentioned as the advantage of being your own boss? A.
You can make decisions about your own business.
B. You pay for your own benefits, like vacations, insurance…
C. You can raise your own salary whenever you want.
D. Your business can grow as much as you want. TEXT 3
II.1. Fill in each gap in the text with one of the words in the box replaced leave more on position conditio get globalize charge of ns d responsi relocate gaining jobs fewer ble
Employees from many countries change jobs more often than previous generations of workers.
What is the cause of this trend?
A more (1)………………economy has had an effect on employment. A large number of
companies are now international, and one of them may decide that moving its offices from
Germany to Poland, for example, is in its best interest. That means employees who live and work
in Germany may be asked to (2)……………… their families to a new country or to be told that
their jobs are simply eliminated.
Companies have also responded to economic pressures by restructuring for greater efficiency.
This sort of change within a company usually means that unnessary jobs are cut, ot that
(3) ………………employees must do more work. In either case, some employees find themselves looking for new jobs.
New technology has also had an impact (4)………………workplaces. The increasing use of
personal computers has meant fewer jobs for office secretaries, as their former bosses do their own
word processing, and other stuff. Automation, including the use of robotic devices, has
(5) ………………workers in some companies.
Besides, today’s employees are also (6)………………for more frequent job changes. Workers
in the past were less likely to (7)………………a company because they were dissatisfied with
working (8)………………or because they didn’t get along with their fellow. People today expect
to enjoy their work and to get a high degree of personal satisfaction from what that do for living.
Employees may also leave a job because they have learnt all they want from their current job.
Getting a new job means (9)………………new skills and making new contacts, and these things
could bring them a step closer to their “dream job”, the one that is challenging, emotionally and
financially rewarding, and preferably closer to home or their children’ school. lOMoAR cPSD| 49431889
Finally, companies start up and close down more quickly than they once did. Employees who
suspect that their employer is not doing well may decide to start looking for a new
(10) ……………… before the company close its doors. 1……… 2……… 3……… 4……… 5……… …...... …...... …...... …...... …...... 6……… 7……… 8……… 9……… 10…… …...... …...... …...... …...... ………
II.2. According to the text, circle the correct answer A, B, C or D
1. The article is mainly about……………
A. reasons companies aren’t taking care of workers as well as they once did.
B. ways in which international business has caused a loss of jobs.
C. reasons workers change jobs more frequently than in the past.
D. the contrast between employers in the past and employers nowadays.
2. How has globalization affected employment?
A. Companies may relocate and cut jobs.
B. Employees in Western Europe are at a disadvantage.
C. Companies are not interested in keeping employees.
D. Employees may refuse to move to a different country.
3. The word restructuring in the third paragraph probably means……………
A. causes of economic pressure B. building a new company C. changes inside a company
D. looking for a new employees
4. Which of the following is not part of most people’s dream job? A. emotional rewards B. a long commute C. plenty of money D. challenging work
5. What does the author imply about employees?
A. They cause some companies to go out of business.
B. They do not think carefully about changing jobs.
C. They get worried if the company is not successful.
D. They are looking fot something they won’t find. TEXT 4
II.1. Fill in each gap in the text with one of the words in the box forward strategie appointe celebrity profitabl s d e joined showed resign particip financial ate ly powerful after loss of employ
Carlos Ghosn, one of the best-known leaders in the automotive industry, has announced that he
will (1)……………… as Nissan Motor's president and CEO, effective from April 1. The hugely
successful Mr Ghosn will remain with the company as chairman to look (2) ……………… a wider
group of carmakers that, in addition to Nissan, includes France's Renault and Japan's Mitsubishi
Motors. Ghosn told reporters: "I'm stepping down as the CEO because it's the right moment and I
have the right team. I think after 16 years as CEO and 18 years taking care (3)………………
Nissan, I can say today that what I can bring to Nissan, I have already brought." He added: "Nissan
is profitable, (4)……………… healthy, with a clear strategy." lOMoAR cPSD| 49431889
Carlos Ghosn (5)……………… Nissan as Chief Operating Officer (COO) in 1999, after Renault
became a big shareholder in the Japanese car company. He became president in 2000 and was
(6)……………… as the CEO the following year. He made Nissan (7)……………… by producing
attractive new cars and models and cutting costs. His cost-cutting (8)……………… earned him
the nickname "The Cost Killer". Following his successful strategy for Nissan, Fortune magazine
awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year in 2002. A year later, the magazine named him as one
of the 10 most (9)……………… people in business outside the USA. He became a
(10) ……………… in Japan, where his life story has been described in a manga comic book. 1……… 2……… 3……… 4……… 5……… …...... …...... …...... …...... …...... 6……… 7……… 8……… 9……… 10…… …...... …...... …...... …...... ………
II.2. According to the text, circle the correct answer A, B, C or D
1. What industry did the article say Carlos Ghosn was a leader in? A. Mitsubishi B. a group industry C. the leadership industry D. the automotive industry
2. How many companies will Carlos Ghosn oversee as a chairman? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
3. For how long has Carlos Ghosn worked for Nissan? A. 18 years B. 16 years C. 12 years D. 8 years
4. Why did he quit his job in Nissan? A. Because he was too old
B. Because Nissan had a good human resource, a strong position and a sound strategy. C.
Because he has not been able to control the company since it became bigger
D. Because the company has too much financial problem.
5. When did Carlos Ghosn become the Chief Executive Officer of Nissan? A. 1999 B. 2000 C. 2001 D. 2002 TEXT 5
II.1. Fill in each gap in the text with one of the words in the box also executiv was show useful es for produce shows with economi c business to not introduci saves ng
Video conferencing reduces travel for meetings
Recent research (1) ………..that most professionals around the world think that internet
video conferencing – using an “internet video phone” to see and talk with other people around the
world – is very (2) …………. They also think that video conferences can replace business travel
(3) ……….. face-to-face meetings. lOMoAR cPSD| 49431889
Nearly 1,000 top (4) ………… in many countries were interviewed. About 900 of them
agreed that video conferencing, e-mail and instant messaging help make them competitive. Video
conferencing (5) …………. time, because professionals don’t need to travel for meetings.
(6) …………, travelling abroad can be very tiring for (7) …………. people, but video conferencing
is easy. It also saves money on air tickets and hotels. In the past, video conferencing (8) ……..very
expensive. But now you need only an inexpensive camera that connects (9) ………… your
computer, and a low-cost internet video service like Yahoo. Finally, reducing air travel is good for the environment.
Mobile phone makers like Samsung, Nokia and Sony Ericsson are (10) …………..mobile
phones with video conferencing features, so video conferencing will soon be even easier. 1……… 2……… 3……… 4……… 5……… …...... …...... …...... …...... …...... 6……… 7……… 8……… 9……… 10…… …...... …...... …...... …...... ………
II.2. According to the text, circle the correct answer A, B, C or D
1. Video conferencing reduces ... A. competition. B. e-mail use. C. travel time. D. working hour 2. Video conferencing is ...
A. easier than travelling to a meeting.
B. more tiring than a face-to-face meeting.
C. the most expensive way to have a meeting. D. not useful for executives.
3. In the past, video conferencing was ... A. more expensive. B. cheaper. C. more popular. D. widely used.
4. Video conferencing may help ... A. a declining market B. the environment. C. a company’s sales. D. increase costs
5. The article ends by talking about ... A. new product launches. B. growing markets.
C. product presentations. D. sales boost