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Chapter 13 Cloze Test
Direction: In the following passages there are 9. 1) increasingly 2) always
blanks, each of which has been numbered. These 3) gradually 4) deliberately
numbers are printed below the passage and 5) badly
against each five words are suggested, one of 10. 1) enlighten 2) validate
which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the 3) negate 4) underestimate
appropriate word in each case. 5) belittle A b sorb
= to hold somebody’s attention or Passage 1 interest completely Ravage
= to damage something badly; to
Economic backwardness of a region is (1) by the destroy something
co-existence of unutilized or underutilized (2)on the
The ravages = the damaging effect of something;
one hand, and (3)natural resources, on the other. of something
the destruction done by something
Economic development essentially means a process Kingpin
= a person of thing essential for
of (4) change whereby the real per capita income of an success
economy (5) over a period of time. Then, a simple but Enhance
= to increase or improve further the
good quality, value or status of
meaningful question arises: what causes economic something
development? Or what makes a country developed? Incredible
= difficult to believe; extraordinary
This question has absorbed the (6) of scholars of Diminish
= to decrease; to become or make
socio-economic change for decades. Going through the
something smaller or less
(7) history of developed countries like America, Russia Degenerate
= to pass into a worse physical, mental
and Japan, man is essentially found as (8) in the
or moral state that one which is
process of economic development. Japan, whose
considered normal or desirable.
economy was (9) damaged from the ravages of the Succumb
= to fail to resist an illness, an attack etc
Second World War, is the clearest example of our time Pivotal
= central; of great importance because
to (10) kingpin role in economic development.
other things depend on it. 1. 1) developed 2) cured Vicious
= acting or done with evil intentions; 3) improved 4) enhanced cruel and violent. 5) characterised Enlighten
= to give somebody greater knowledge 2. 1) sources 2) finances or understanding 3) funds 4) manpower V ali date
= t o sh ow t hat someth in g is 5) industries
reasonable or logical; to make something legally valid 3. 1) exhaustive 2) unexploited Negate
= to cancel the effect of something; to 3) abundant 4) indefinite nullify something 5) unreliable Belittle
= to make a person or an action seem 4. 1) upward 2) drastic
unimportant or of little value. 3) negligible 4) incredible 5) sudden Passage 2 5. 1) diminishes 2) degenerates
Although John Wisdom’s writings in philosophy 3) increases 4) succumbs
show clearly the influence of Wittgenstein, they 5) stabilizes
nevertheless also display a (1) originality. Despite the 6. 1) plans 2) attempts
(2) and difficulty of his style, a careful reading of 3) attention 4) resources
Wisdom is seldom (3). He is a unique kind of genius 5) strategy in philosophy. 7. 1) existing 2) glorious
This essay is an excellent example of Wisdom’s 3) ancient 4) economic
repeate d attempts to (4) the ultimate bases of 5) discouraging
philosophical perplexity. A great deal of the time 8. 1) pivotal 2) neutral
W isdom is ( 5) inte re ste d in finding out why 3) insignificant 4) enchanted
me taphysicians fe e l (6 ) to utte r such strange 5) vicious
sentences (e.g. “Time is unreal”, There are no material 410
Test of English Language
things”, etc). According to Wisdom, such sentences Augment
= to make something larger in number
are both false (and perhaps meaningless) and yet (7).
or size; to increase something
Even more than Wittgenstein, Wisdom has stressed Fortify
= to make somebody feed stronger,
the “therapeutic” conception of philosophy, a view that braver etc. Ex plore
= to examine something thoroughly in
comes out clearly in this essay where he emphasizes
order to test it or found out about it.
the analogy be tween philosophical and neurotic
Inadvertent = n ot don e deliber ately or
distress (8) them with other kinds of problems. intentionally
The reader who is interested in gaining a fuller (9) Reluctant
= unwilling and therefore slow to act,
with Wisdom’s thought is referred to his famous article agree etc.
“Gods in Philosophy and Psycho-analysis”. Other Minds Allude
= to mention somebody/something
is Wisdom’s most (10) discussion of a single topic briefly or indirectly.
and in many ways his finest work. A d apt
= to make something suitable for a new use situation etc. 1. 1) concise 2) virtual 3) marked
Acquaintance = slight knowledge of something 4) limited 5) relative Prolong
= to make something last longer; to 2. 1) individuality 2) novelty extend something 3) originality 4) complexity Prolific = producing many works. 5) creativity 3. 1) unprofitable 2) useful Passage 3 3) advantageous 4) unreliable
The latest stage of the continuing (1) between India K 5) durable
and the United States on the nuclear issue is now 4. 1) jettison 2) delimit
punctuated with pleasing diplomatic observations. Our 3) augment 4) fortify
latest round of talks with the American Deputy 5) explore
Secretary of State is “positive and encouraging”. The 5. 1) admirably 2) primarily
US Deputy Secretary of State remarked that “none of 3) inadvertently 4) reluctantly
us are pleased to have any clouds over the (2)”. We in 5) happily
India know that these clouds have (3) towards the 6. 1) depressed 2) confined
subcontinent from the West. The US can easily 3) alluded 4) compelled
disperse the clouds if it wants. But the economic 5) adapted
sanctions are still in place. The US is only (4) trying 7. 1) illuminating 2) damaging
to come to terms with the fact that the nuclear 3) confusing 4) critical
weapons are not the (5) of the Permanent Members K 5) unreliable
of the Security Council. If they do not recognize India 8. 1) compelling U2) assocND iating
as a nuclear power, then what is it that they are (6) 3) contrasting 4) describing
to? India will not (7) by their de-recognising the nuclear 5) advocating
tests. Both sides can happily close (8) eyes and agree 9. 1) comparison 2) analysis
to (9) what has happened. The fact that India is a 3) agreement 4) elaboration
sovereign nation, entitled to take decision beneficial 5) acquaintance
for its own security, has not been altered by the tests. 10. 1) projected 2) sustained
The US has come round to (10) that India has some 3) prolonged 4) prolific say in this matteA r. N 5) attributed 1. 1) adversaries 2) negotiations Perplexity
= con f usion ; t h e st at e of bein g 3) strifes 4) strategies confused or worried 5) disputes
Metaphysics = the branch of philosophy dealing
with the nature of existence, truth 2. 1) relationship 2) struggle and knowledge 3) matter 4) talks Utter
= t o say somet h in g ; t o expr ess 5) countries something in speech. 1) formed 2) eclipsed
Therapeutic = of or connected with healing; having 3) reined 4) covered
a good general effect on the body or 5) floated the mind 4. 1) spontaneously 2) generously Neurotic
= having or showing an abnormal 3) grudgingly 4) gracefully
an xiet y or obsession about
something; caused by or suffering 5) willingly
from a mental illness that causes 5. 1) threats 2) creations
depression or abnormal behaviour 3) properties 4) monopoly Concise = brief 5) possessions Virtual
= almost or nearly the thing described, 6. 1) prepared 2) objecting but not completely. 3) pointing 4) clinging Jettison
= to abandon or reject something that 5) planning is not wanted. Cloze Test 411 7. 1) gain 2) differ 2. 1) obvious 2) necessary 3) flourish 4) suffer 3) essential 4) recognised 5) develop 5) prominent 8. 1) their 2) our 3. 1) accept 2) participate 3) naked 4) inward 3) pronounce 4) inculcate 5) both 5) relate 9. 1) imitate 2) undo 4. 1) advocates 2) possessed 3) cherish 4) reiterate 3) exponents 4) indifferent 5) ignore 5) themselves 10. 1) expecting 2) suspecting 5. 1) seriousness 2) beliefs 3) accepting 4) advocating 3) barriers 4) masks 5) rejecting 5) chains Punctuate
= to interrupt something at intervals. 6. 1) snobbery 2) egoism Disperse
= to go in different directions or make 3) brashness 4) boasting
somebody/something do this 5) candour A dv ersary
= an opponen t in a cont est, an 7. 1) projective 2) spontaneous argument or a battle 3) pious 4) cavaliers Strife
= angry or violent disagreement; conflict 5) callous Eclipse
= to outshine somebody/something; 8. 1) conflict 2) persuasiveness
t o make somebody /someth in g 3) dedication 4) propensity
Kappear dull or unimportant by 5) jealousy comparison. 9. 1) pervasiveness 2) boundaries Rein
= to restrain or control somebody/ 3) sluggishness 4) blocking something 5) enthusiasm
Spontaneous = done, happening, said etc because 10. 1) unanimous 2) uncritical
of a sudden impulse from within,
not planned or caused or suggested 3) uninhabited 4) uncanny
by something/somebody outside. 5) unusual Grudgingly = reluctantly
Interpersonal = existing or done between two Grudge
= t o do or giv e somet h ing v er y people unwillingly Impulsive
= noted for or involving sudden action Cling
= to become attached to something; wihtout careful thought to stick to something Prominent
= distinguished or important; easily K Imitate U = to copy somebod ND y/something; to seen
take or follow somebody/something Pronounce
= to declare or announce something as an example.
especially formally, solemnly or Cherish
= to keep a feeling or an idea in one’s officially
mind or heart and think of it with Inculcate
= to fix ideas, principles etc firmly in pleasure.
somebody’s mind especially by Reiterate
= to repeat something that has already often repeating them
been said, especially for emphasis Exponent
= a per son wh o suppor t s an d
promotes a theory, belief, cause etc Passage 4 Snobbery A = attitudes an N d behaviour that are
characteristic of a snob.
Trust is the basis of human relationship. As trust Snob
= a person who believes he or she has
between people grows, (1) change and interpersonal
superior taste or knowledge
dynamics are transformed. Diverse skills and abilities B r a s h
= con f iden t in a rude, n oisy or
become (2) and appreciated as strengths. People begin aggressive way.
to (3) one another’s attitudes and feelings. They learn Candou r
= the quality of being frank and
h on est in on e’s beh av iour or
to be (4) instead of playing roles. As trust grows the speech.
(5) that prevent (6) and openness lessen. People Pious
= having or showing a deep respect
become more expressive, impulsive, frank and (7). for God and religion
Their communication is efficient and clear. They risk Cavali er
= showing a lack of proper concern
(8) and confrontation, opening the doors to deeper Callou s
= having or showing no sympathy for
communication, involve me nt and commitment.
other people’s feelings or suffering
Congestion and (9) lessen. The flow of data is open Propensity
= a ten den cy t o do somet hin g and (10).
especially something undesirable. Pervasive
= present and seen or felt everywhere 1. 1) motivations 2) behaviours S lu ggish
= moving slowly; not alert or lively 3) patterns 4) aspirations
Unanimous = agreed with by everybody in a group 5) commitments Uncanny
= not natural; mysterious and slightly frightening. 412
Test of English Language Passage 5 Scant
= hardly enough; not very much Primitive
= of or at an early stage of social
A good percentage of the population of India is development
tribal. The tribals live in the hills and forests of the Passage 6
country and have been little (1) by the (2) currents of
the plains. Practically all the states of India have their
India’s ( 1) ove r the past half ce ntury since
tribal population. The tribes are numerous, computed
independence has been unique and (2) in many ways.
to be about 200, some living in (3) regions in dense
Yet the record is (3) in relation to what the country
forests, and others on the borders of villages. Some
set out to achieve and could certainly have been (4).
tribes are (4) to a few souls, while others like the
It is (5) to look at both sides; the alternative is to be
Santhals, run into millions and are steadily (5) in
(6) down by unrelieved gloom or unwarranted (7). The
numbers. During the British period some of them were
fact is that after eight 5-year plans, about 40 per cent
known as ‘criminal tribes’ for they showed (6) respect
of population is (8) below the poverty line. The human
for the Indian Penal Code. After independence they
development indices are (9) low, placing India at the
have been named Scheduled Tribes. Under modern
126th position in the world table, far below many
conditions isolation, however, has become (7) and the
countries that came into (10) much later than it did.
hill tribes are getting (8). The cultural traffic is two- 1. 1) development 2) domination
way. Social reformers are taking civilization to the 3) predicament 4) history
hills, and the tribes, (9) their old occupations of 5) excellence
hunting and (10) farming, are settling in villages, 2. 1) dubious 2) insignificant to K
wns and cities as labourers and industrial workers. 3) desperate 4) special 1. 1) affected 2) domiciled 5) commendable 3) motivated 4) deprived 3. 1) outshining 2) broken 5) favoured 3) disappointing 4) brighter 2. 1) financial 2) proud 5) played 3) cultural 4) unruly 4. 1) underplayed 2) accomplished 5) swift 3) tampered 4) noteworthy 3. 1) comfortable 2) marshy 5) exaggerated 3) wild 4) unpopulated 5. 1) proposed 2) futile 5) inhospitable 3) impracticable 4) necessary 4. 1) devoted 2) confined 5) suggested K 3) susceptible U4) relateND d 6. 1) laid 2) struck 5) attached 3) cooled 4) weighed 5. 1) constant 2) deteriorated 5) brought 3) developing 4) increasing 7. 1) progress 2) debating 5) decreasing 3) meticulousness 4) haste 6. 1) abundant 2) genuine 5) complacency 3) superficial 4) exorbitant 8. 1) much 2) still 5) scant 3) obviously 4) found 7. 1) crucial 2) necessary 5) far AN 3) difficult 4) convenient 9. 1) deplorably 2) admirably 5) indispensable 3) surprisingly 4) not 8. 1) civilized 2) demoralised 5) amusingly 3) wiped-out 4) entertained 10. 1) world 2) being 5) reduced 3) independence 4) compete 9. 1) escaping 2) with 5) India 3) enhancing 4) leaving Unrelieved
= not changing; continuing 5) continuing Gloom
= part ial darkn ess; a f eelin g of 10. 1) productive 2) primitive sadness and depression 3) profitable 4) cultivable
Un warr ant ed = not justified or necessary 5) scientific Dominate
= to have control or power over or very Unruly
= not easy to control or manage
strong influence on somebody/ Marshy = wet and muddy something
Inhospitable = not giving a f riendly or polite
Predicament = a difficult or unpleasant situation welcome to guests
especially one in which it is difficult
Susceptible = easily influenced or harmed by to know what to do. something; sensitive Dubious = doubtful Ex orbitant = much t oo h ig h or g r eat ;
Commendable = deserving praise unreasonable
Accomplished = skilled Tamper
= to interfere with or alter something Cloze Test 413 without authority 10. 1) credited 2) implored
E x aggerate = to make something seem larger, 3) admired 4) flattered
better, worse etc than it really is 5) blamed Futile
= producing no result; having no
Tarred with the = having or considered to have purpose same bru sh
the same faults as somebody Meticulous
= giving or showing great care and (as somebody) attention to detail. Decent
= proper, acceptable, satisfactory Complacency
= a calm feeling of satisfaction with Nurture
= t o h elp t h e developmen t of oneself, one’s work something Deplore
= t o be sh ocked or of f ended by Ab olish
= to end the existence of a law, a something; to condemn
practice, an institution etc Amusing
= causing laughter or smile; enjoyable Contaminate
= to make something/somebody
Weigh down = to make somebody/something bend
impure by adding substances that by being heavy.
are dangerous or carry disease Passage 7 Impeach
= to raise doubts about something; to question something
In the thirties and forties, geography was (1) subject Placate
= to make somebody less angry; to
calm or satisfy somebody.
in schools. Children spent hours tracing maps and Remedy
= to correct , chan ge or improve
(2) about strange places, peoples and customs. something undesirable
Harvard University (3) its geography department after Implore
= to ask or beg for something in a
World War II. A string of leading universities in the serious way Uni K
ted States (4) suit. Geography has been tarred with Flatter
= to praise somebody too much or in
the racist brush, and no one wants to be (5).
an insincere way especially in order
David S Landes, professor of history and economics
to gain favour for oneself.
at Harvard University, makes a forceful (6) for Passage 8
geography in his book, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations.
Geography, he says, tells the unpleasant truth that
Fourteen centuries ago when the world was much
nature is unfair, unequal in its (7) and that its
younger, the ruler of all India, Rajah Balhait, was (1)
unfairnesses are not easily (8). For Landes, there is
about his people. A new game of dice, called nard, had
nothing racist in a geography that links (9) and group
(2) the imagination of his subjects. Teaching them
behaviour to nature, no one can be praised or (10) for
that chance alone - a roll of the dice - guided the (3)
the temperature of the air, the volume or timing of
of men. All who played this game of fortune lost their rainfall, or the topography.
(4) in the virtues of courage, prudence, wisdom and 1. K 1) full-fledged U2) resourND ceful
hope. It bred a fatalism that was (5) the spirit of the 3) decent 4) boring kingdom. 5) famous
Rajah Balhait commissioned Sissa, an intelligent 2. 1) knowledge 2) drawings
courtier, at his court, to find an answer to this (6). 3) ignored 4) learned
After much (7) the clever Sissa invented another game, 5) figures
chaturanga, the exact (8) of nard, in which the four 3. 1) established 2) nurtured
elements of the Indian army were the key pieces. In 3) intensified 4) developed
the game these pieces - chariots, horses, elephants 5) abolished AN
and foot soldiers - joined with a royal counsellor to 4. 1) followed 2) cleared
defend their king and defeat the enemy. Forceful (9) 3) prepared 4) wore
was demanded of the players not luck. Chaturanga soon 5) filed
became more popular than nard, and the (10) to the 5. 1) learned 2) contaminated kingdom was over. 3) neglected 4) prepared 1. 1) concerned 2) confident 5) knowledgeable 3) ignorant 4) indifferent 6. 1) decision 2) impeachment 5) partisan 3) lesson 4) plea 2. 1) propelled 2) enshrined 5) plan 3) captured 4) activated 7. 1) behaviour 2) favours 5) enhanced 3) sources 4) deal 3. 1) communities 2) ways 5) functions 3) abnormalities 4) destinies 8. 1) sensed 2) placated 5) groups 3) remedied 4) over-ruled 4. 1) bravado 2) interest 5) understood 3) peace 4) wealth 9. 1) expediency 2) sentiments 5) faith 3) performance 4) acquisition 5) obedience 414
Test of English Language 5. 1) appalling 2) crushing
particular, needs to be complimented for this–have 3) moistening 4) promoting
le d to substantially le sse r e ne rgy inte nsity of 5) overwhelming
economic growth. However, even the tempered demand 6. 1) apprehension 2) risk
numbers are (8) to be below 80Gw. As against this 3) problem 4) game
need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely 5) destiny
to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. 7. 1) deliberation 2) absorption
Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (9) 3) insight 4) hesitation
cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to 5) reluctance
contribute anything substantial in vie w of the 8. 1) nature 2) equivalent
unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be 3) picture 4) opposite
(10) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, 5) replica
gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw 9. 1) prediction 2) concentration
equivalent can be (11) to be added in the five-year 3) manipulation 4) attack time block. 5) fortune
(12) (13) this, capacity addition in the renewable 10. 1) devastation 2) anxiety
energy based power generation has touched about 3Gw 3) impeachment 4) nuisance
a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity 5) threat
addition in the electricity grid (14) renewable energy Virtue
= behaviour that shows high moral
is like ly to range be twe e n 20Gw and 25Gw. standards; goodness K
Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, Prudent
= acting with or showing care and
off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote
thought for the future; showing
places and (15) lives where grid-based electricity good judgement supply has miserably failed. F a t a l
= causing or ending in death Counsellor
= an adviser especially one who has 1. 1) against 2) for professional training 3) onwards 4) at P art i san
= showing too much support for one 5) on
person, group or cause; biased 2. 1) that 2) inside Propel
= to move, drive or push something/ 3) always 4) who somebody forward 5) where Enshrine
= to preserve something in a place or 3. 1) forward 2) subject
from it will be remembered and 3) place 4) demand respected. K B r av ad o U = a display of bold ND talk or behaviour 5) replace
to impress other people. 4. 1) pass 2) publish Appalling
= shocking; extremely bad 3) feature 4) find Moisten
= to become or make something moist 5) light
Overwhelming = very great; very strong 5. 1) likewise 2) publicity Replica
= a close or exact copy of something 3) next 4) after
of a painting; a model of something 5) earlier made on a smaller scale 6. 1) waste 2) require Anxiety
= a nervous feeling caused by fear that
something bad is going to happen; 3) highlight A 4) N generate worry 5) consumed Nuisance
= a thing, a person or behaviour that 7. 1) structures 2) efforts
is annoying or causes trouble 3) projections 4) practices 5) developmental Passage 9 8. 1) sure 2) unsure
As the country embarks on planning (1) the 12th 3) unexpected 4) unlikely
Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (2) hangs 5) likely
over the process is on the energy requirements. 9. 1) nominal 2) excelled
Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of 3) higher 4) lower
growing at 9-10% will (3) huge demands on the energy 5) expected
resource s of the country. In this energy jigsaw, 10. 1) failure 2) success
renewable energy will (4) like never before in the 12th 3) dangerous 4) maximum Plan and the (5). 5) marginal
By the rule of the thumb, India will (6) about 100 11. 1) certain 2) linked
gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition 3) remarked 4) expected
in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy 5) sure
efficiency and sustained (7) by some parts of the 12. 1) When 2) But
government—the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in 3) However 4) If 5) As Cloze Test 415 13. 1) for 2) with 6. 1) companion 2) attitude 3) is 4) ever 3) calling 4) friend 5) against 5) abode 14. 1) through 2) project 7. 1) absorbed 2) alarmed 3) versus 4) against 3) attacked 4) attached 5) capacity 5) awed 15. 1) lightening 2) making 8. 1) empowered 2) brute 3) touching 4) saving 3) tall 4) high 5) generating 5) exhibited Embark on
= to start or engage in something 9. 1) domestic 2) durable new or difficult 3) devastating 4) delicate Compliment
= to express praise or admiration 5) dubious of somebody 10. 1) hoist 2) puncture Temper
= t o make t h e ef fect s of 3) disturb 4) attack somet hin g less sever e by balancing it with the else 5) deflate
Unprecedented = never having happened, been 11. 1) protect 2) tender
done or been known before 3) abandon 4) pluck
Over and above = besides something; in addition 5) touch to something Stubborn
= determined not to change one’s Margi nal
= having little importance; not
attitude or position; having a strong K central will J i g s a w
= a picture printed on cardboard P assi on
= a strong feeling eg of hate, love or
or w ood cut int o var ious anger
different shapes that have to A we
= to fill somebody with a feeling of
be fitted together again; jigsaw
respect combined w ith fear or puzzle. wonder Brute
= involving physical force only and not Passage 10 thought or reason Outrun
= t o r un f ast er or f ur th er t han
Bret Bonson loved animals (1) on a family owned somebody/something
Zoo. He had grown up caring for antelope, deer and Instinct
= a natural feeling that makes one act
wildcats. He was (2), at times stubbornly, protective.
or respond in a particular way.
Once, when a tiger cub was born with a deformed leg, Hoi st
= to raise something to a higher the K local veterinarian U and Bret’s parents ND (3) the animal position
would never live a full life. Even so, the boy bottle-fed Deflate
= t o make somebody f eel less
the cub and cared for it. (4) Bret’s mothering, the cub
confident than they were or less
important than they thought they
died, but Bret’s mothering (5) lived on. were.
He worked at a Safari park where, in 1980, he Tender
= loving; gentle; easily moved to pity
trained his first African elephant and found his true or sympathy
(6). From the beginning Bonson was (7) by elephants. Pluck
= to hold something with the fingers
They have the (8) force to uproot trees and can outrun and pull it.
the fastest human sprinter. But they also have (9) AN
fine motor skills. The same trunk that could (10) the Passage 11
front end of an automobile or fracture a predator’s
Gandhiji once said, “I would say that if the village
skull could gently (11) a peanut from the fingers of a
perishes, India will perish too. India will be (1) more small child.
India. Her own mission in the world will get (2). The 1. 1) created 2) constructed
(3) of the village is possible only when it is no more 3) built 4) erected
(4). Industrialisation on a mass scale will (5) lead to 5) raised
passive or active exploitation of the villagers as the 2. 1) methodically 2) carefully
problem (6) competition and marketing come in. 3) fiercely 4) suitably
Therefore, we have to (7) on the village being self- 5) actually
contained, manufacturing mainly for use. Provided this 3. 1) believed 2) valued
character of the village industry is (8) there would be 3) expressed 4) imagined
no objection to villagers using even the modern 5) exhibited
machines and tools that they can make and (9) to 4. 1) Until 2) Unless
use. Only, they (10) not be used as a means of 3) Instead 4) Despite exploitation of others.” 5) Although 1. 1) certainly 2) scarcely 5. 1) belief 2) instinct 3) much 4) no 3) love 4) passion 5) any 5) care 416
Test of English Language 2. 1) lost 2) extension
new teaching posts in colleges. (10) with this problem, 3) elevated 4) flourished
authorities at the university have decided that serving 5) jeopardy
teachers belonging to various disciplines will teach 3. 1) rehabilitation 2) pruning the paper. 3) revival 4) devastation 1. 1) Despite 2) Having 5) atonement 3) Enacting 4) Adopting 4. 1) denuded 2) exploited 5) Although 3) contaminated 4) populated 2. 1) contaminate 2) clean 5) ruined 3) filter 4) protect 5. 1) passionately 2) surprisingly 5) pollute 3) scarcely 4) never 3. 1) resulting 2) why 5) necessarily 3) obvious 4) as 6. 1) forming 2) enhancing 5) because 3) between 4) of 4. 1) seldom 2) don’t 5) with 3) hardly 4) perfectly 7. 1) concentrate 2) ponder 5) actually 3) imagine 4) ensure 5. 1) inability 2) deferral 5) decide 3) decision 4) failure 8. 1) regained 2) neglected 5) reluctance K 3) maintained 4) thwarted 6. 1) extracts 2) accord 5) abolished 3) expects 4) loses 9. 1) prepare 2) afford 5) assumes 3) hesitate 4) propose 7. 1) displeasure 2) antagonism 5) plan 3) hurdles 4) confusion 10. 1) can 2) could 5) priority 3) need 4) would 8. 1) losses 2) constraints 5) should 3) apathy 4) soundness Peri sh
= to be destroyed; to die 5) independence Revival
= a recovery; the process of bringing 9. 1) receive 2) establish something back 3) emphasize 4) expect Jeopardy = at risk 5) sanction
Rehabilitate = to restore somebody/something to
KU 10.1) Down 2) Familiarity their/its former ND higher status or position 3) Faced 4) Convinced Prune
= to reduce the extent of something 5) Solution
by cutting unnecessary parts. Stringent
= that must be obeyed; strict or severe Atone
= to act in a way that compensates for Assu me
= to accept something as true before
a previous wrong or error. there is proof Denude
= to make something bare Deferral
= delaying something until a later time Ponder
= to think about something carefully
Antagonism = a feeling of hostility or opposition
and for a long time especially in Constraint
= a thing that limits or restricts
trying to reach a decision; to consider Apathy A = a lack of i N nterest, enthusiasm or T h w a r t
= to prevent somebody doing what concern
they intended to; to oppose a plan etc successfully. Passage 13
P assionate = caused by or sh ow in g st ron g
A friend in need is a friend indeed. A man who stands feelings
(1) his friend in (2) is a true friend, Selfless love is Passage 12
the base of true friendship. True friends share each
other’s joy and sorrow, pain and pleasure. They do
(1) stringent anti-pollution laws, mass awareness
not fall (3) in adversity. They have full confidence in
levels in India about the need to (2) the environment
each other. They never (4) each other. (5) makes
are low. Which is (3) many people insist that mere
friends, adversity tries them. A selfless friend is (6);
laws won’t do; what we (4) need are “environment
a selfish friend is a curse. The first is an angel and
conscious” citizens. It is in this context that the
the second is a devil. One makes your career while
University’s (5) to introduce environment studies as the other (7) it.
a compulsory paper at the undergraduate level (6)
True friendship means great self-sacrifice on the
significance. There was some (7) initially about who
part of both. A true frie nd (8) ple asure and
would teach the paper because financial (8) make it
convenience . He goes cut of his way and faces
impossible for colleges to (9) approval for new teaching
difficulties in his way with joy and even with pride.
posts. In fact, in August 1999, the University Grants
Joy and sorrow, success and failure, good fortune and
Commission (UGC) imposed a ban on the creation of Cloze Test 417
misfortune, are equally (9) by a pair of true friends. Passage 14
They (10) the burden of life equally for they feel that
they sail in the same boat and that they have to sink
The Government seems to be in right earnest to and swim together.
ensure more (1) in governance. The Prime Minister’s 1. 1) to 2) with
announcement that his Government is (2) drafting 3) for 4) by
legilsation to (3) the citizen’s right to information is 5) of
indeed welcome. Though the talk on the right to 2. 1) adversity 2) commotion
information is not new, we may (4) the bill to be 3) change 4) happiness
brought early this time. The previous Government had 5) growth
set up a high-level committee to (5) a draft bill. But 3. 1) by 2) to
nothing has been heard about the matter since, (6) 3) off 4) with
the committee did quite some work. The issue, 5) through
however, has come to such a pass that a solution 4. 1) postulate 2) commit
cannot be (7) further. Sunlight is the best disinfectant, 3) danger 4) deplete
a foreign judge once said, while (8) the unwarranted 5) betray
secrecy in an administrative system. When those in 5. 1) Wealth 2) Prosperity
authority know that people have the right to ask 3) Man 4) Providence
questions and the government is under the (9) to 5) Well-bring
provide them with answers, (10) of authority, or of 6. 1) boon 2) force
public finances, for personal or party ends is less likely K 3) blessing 4) calamity to happen. 5) message 1. 1) strictness 2) rudeness 7. 1) throws 2) develops 3) leniency 4) economy 3) constructs 4) mars 5) transparency 5) lacks 2. 1) personally 2) busy 8. 1) foregoes 2) mitigates 3) not 4) reluctantly 3) evolves 4) appraises 5) absolutely 5) prospers 3. 1) presumption 2) absolve 9. 1) built 2) pleased 3) curb 4) question 3) admired 4) advocated 5) establish 5) shared 4. 1) expect 2) wait 10. 3) try 4) frustrate K 1) expect U2) shouldND er 3) dislike 4) propose 5) appeal 5) project 5. 1) level 2) regard Stand by
= to support or help somebody 3) prepare 4) enact Adversity
= difficulties; trouble; misfortune 5) unearth
Commotion = noisy confusion or excitement 6. 1) even 2) as Fall off
= to decrease in quantity or quality 3) because 4) until Postulate
= to accept or suggest that something 5) though
is true, especially as a basis for 7. 1) found 2) expected reasoning or discussion 3) delayed A4) loN oked Deplete
= to reduce greatly the quantity size, 5) longed
power or value of something. Betray
= t o sh ow a lack of loy alt y t o 8. 1) nurturing 2) criticising somebody/something 3) demanding 4) appreciating Providence
= the way in which God or nature 5) upholding
cares for and protects all creatures 9. 1) pretentious 2) affect Blessing
= God’s favour and protection 3) substance 4) obligation Curse
= a magical word or phrase spoken 5) property
with the aim of punishing, injuring 10. 1) misuse 2) governance
or destroying somebody/something 3) dishonour 4) curbing Ma r
= to damage or spoil something Forego
= to give up or do without something 5) breach
especially something pleasant In earnest
= to a greater extent; with more Mitigate
= to make something less severe,
determination and energy violent or painful
Disinfectant = a substance that cleans something A pprai se
= to assess the value quality or nature
by destroying the bacteria that cause of somebody/something disease Lenient
= not severe, especially in punishing people.
Presumption = the action of supposing something to be true. 418
Test of English Language Absolve
= to declare that somebody is free of 3) maintaining 4) doubling guilt, blame etc. 5) minimising Cu rb
= to prevent something from getting 11. 1) damage 2) variable out of control 3) content 4) yield Long
= to wait something very much; to have 5) refuge
a strong desire for something or to do something 12. 1) squandered 2) preserved Uph old
= to support or confirm a decision, 3) doubled
belief et c w h ich has been 4) engulfed questioned 5) coerced
Pretentious = claiming importance, value or style, 13. 1) equilibrium 2) existence
especially without good cause. 3) failure 4) proportion Passage 15 5) bankruptcy Conquest
= t he act ion or an in st an ce of
Man in his (1) of nature and universe has made conquering somebody
the world (2), polluted. The air we breathe is polluted, Foul
= very unpleasant; very bad; terrible Wanton
= done deliberately for no good reason
the water we drink is (3). There is (4) felling of trees,
Reclamation = the action of making land fit to
clearing of jungles, (5) natural barriers like the
cult ivate, eg by drain ing it or
mountains and drying up the oceans by way of (6). bringing water to it
This (7) of nature by man is a grave mistake for which Grave
= serious and important; giving cause m K
ankind has to pay the price. Rapid industrialisation for worry
means (8) the industrial effluents into the rivers and V anda li sm
= behaviour character of a person who
seas. The river water has turned murky. Marine life
deliberately destroys or damages
has been (9). The toxic chemicals have made the air
works of art, public and private
property, the beauties of nature etc
that we breathe polluted. Pesticides and insecticides for no good reason.
sprayed on plants and the chemicals and fertilizers Effluent
= liquid waste matter, sewage etc that
used for (10) plant yield have poisoned our food. Hence
pours out of a factory into a river
what we eat today has high toxic (11). Nature’s Murky = dirty; not clear
plentifulness is a heritage not to be (12) with impunity.
Endangered = in danger of becoming extinct
It must be conserved for future generations or its (13) Extinct
= no longer in existence will extinguish all. S qu ander
= to waste something foolishly or 1. 1) pursuit 2) view 3) conquest carelessly K Impunity
= freedom from punishment or injury 4) victim U 5) want Extinguish
= to end the existence of a feeling, 2. 1) foul 2) dilute ND d condition etc 3) poor 4) precarious Pursuit
= the action of looking for or trying to 5) critical find something 3. 1) disturbed 2) pure Precari ous = not safe; dangerous 3) counterproductive 4) suffocated
Provocation = the action of making somebody 5) contaminated
an gr y by deliberat ely doin g 4. 1) dubious 2) wanton
something annoying or offensive. Evasion
= the act or process of avoiding 3) careful Asomething tN
hat is legally or morally 4) planned required 5) useless Divulge
= to make something known especi- 5. 1) attacking 2) projecting ally a secret 3) cutting 4) blasting Menace
= a thing or person that threatens to 5) sizing harm somebody/something 6. 1) reclamation 2) inhabitation Culminate
= t o reach t he h igh est point or 3) stabilisation 4) destruction
specified conclusion or result. Forfeit
= to g iv e up somet hing or have 5) damage
somet hin g t aken away as a 7. 1) provocation 2) adventure
consequence of or punishment for 3) vandalism 4) abundance
having done something wrong. 5) evasion Refuge
= shelter or protection from danger, 8. 1) relocating 2) divulging trouble etc 3) menacing 4) culminating Engulf
= to surround somebody/something 5) diverting
especially so t hat th ey ar e 9. 1) evaporated 2) endangered completely covered Coerce
= to make somebody do something by 3) devalued 4) eliminated using force or threats 5) forfeiting
Bankruptcy = the state of being unable to pay 10. 1) managing 2) developing one’s debts Cloze Test 419 Passage 16 13. 1) light 2) day 3) authority 4) person
Once Gurudev Tagore asked Gandhiji: “Gandhiji,are 5) sun
you (1) unromantic? When in the early (2) the morning 14. 1) scorch 2) shine
sun rises does it not (3) your heart with joy to see its 3) bright 4) burn
reddish glow? When the birds (4) does not your heart 5) illuminate
thrill with its (5) music? When the rose opens its 15. 1) brightness 2) shade
petals and blooms in the garden, does its sight not 3) dullness 4) strength
bring (6) to your he art?” The Mahatma re plie d, 5) stairs
“Gurudev, I am not so dumb or (7) as not to be moved Tint
= a shade or variety of a colour
by the beauty of the rose or the morning rays of the S i gh
= an act or sound of taking long deep
sun or the music of the birds. But what can I do? My
breat h t h at can be h ear d,
one (8), my one anxiety, my one ambition is: When expr essin g sadn ess, r elief ,
shall I see the red tint of the rose on the cheeks of tiredness etc Lustre
= the soft brightness of a smooth or
(9) (10) millions of my people? When shall I hear the
shining surface; glory; distinction
sweet and melodious song of the birds in place of D a wn
= the time of day when light first
their (11) sighs - when will such music (12) out of appears
their soul? And when will that (13) come, when the Flock
= a group of sheep, goats or birds of
light of the morning sun will (14) the heart of the
the same type either kept together
common man in India? When will I see its lustre and
or feeding and travelling together (15 K ) on his face?” Divine = wonderful; beautiful 1. 1) not 2) genuinely A r om a
= a distinctive usually pleasant smell Lethargi c = lazy 3) seldom 4) so Scorch
= to burn and damage a surface by 5) fairly making it too hot. 2. 1) season 2) dawn Illuminate
= to shine light on something 3) monsoon 4) climate 5) days Passage 17 3. 1) involve 2) impeach
Man has always considered himself to be the ruler 3) move 4) fill
of his planet. This (1) and the attendant superiority 5) penetrate
feeling has made him look down (2) other creatures 4. 1) fly 2) nestle
who co-exist with human on this earth. The so-called 3) flock 4) cry K
civilized human race has (3) and ill-treated small and 5) sing
large animal species and birds in an attempt to prove 5. 1) alarming
U2) fearful his (4). It is common knowledge that (5) number of 3) divine 4) irritati ND ng
animals have been (6) for centuries under the (7) of 5) loud
conducting scientific experiments or for sports. Till 6. 1) aroma 2) cheer
recently, in the (8) of scientific experiments, monkeys 3) fragrance 4) agony
and frogs have been (9) to dissection and (10) in the 5) fear laboratory. 7. 1) insensitive 2) lethargic 1. 1) pleasure 2) fact 3) ambitious 4) idle AN 3) achievement 4) force 5) romantic 5) arrogance 8. 1) slogan 2) request 2. 1) in 2) upon 3) interpretation 4) desire 3) with 4) for 5) demand 5) into 9. 1) old 2) rich 3. 1) criticised 2) devalued 3) happy 4) noble 3) protected 4) abused 5) hungry 5) enlarged 10. 1) naked 2) fashioned 4. 1) supremacy 2) wisdom 3) poor 4) fellow 3) cleverness 4) instinct 5) playful 5) possession 11. 1) encouraging 2) flourishing 5. 1) tall 2) plenty 3) prosperous 4) agonizing 3) countless 4) diverse 5) cheerful 5) numerous 12. 1) play 2) bring 6. 1) tortured 2) exposed 3) come 4) drop 3) treated 4) vanished 5) sing 5) extinct 420
Test of English Language 7. 1) projection 2) criticism 5. 1) maintained 2) illustrated 3) pretext 4) game 3) marginalised 4) bestowed 5) study 5) forsaken 8. 1) matter 2) set 6. 1) vast 2) brief 3) scheme 4) virtue 3) formal 4) clean 5) name 5) distinct 9. 1) confined 2) subjected 7. 1) dormant 2) dedicated 3) condemned 4) allied 3) vital 4) common 5) performed 5) dynamic 10. 1) cruelty 2) deformation 8. 1) strength 2) tips 3) study 4) vivisection 3) clearance 4) sermons 5 ) proliferation 5) ideals
Look down u pon = to con sider somebody / 9. 1) informed 2) narrated
something inferior to oneself; to 3) intensified 4) realised
regard somebody/something with 5) invented contempt 10. 1) encouraging 2) imitating
Under the pretext of = giving the specified reason 3) blaming 4) preaching
as one’s justification. Dissection
= the practice of cutting up dead body, 5) assuming
a plant etc in order to study
Deteriorate = to become worse in quality or condition K Vivisection
= t h e pr act ice of perf or min g B estow
= t o pr esen t somet h in g as a g if t t o
operations etc on live animals for somebody
the purposes of scientific research. Vi tal
= essential to the existence, success or V ani sh
= t o disappear completely an d operation of something. suddenly Sermons
= a talk on a moral or religious subject Extinct
= no longer in existence
usually given by a priest during a religious Condemn
= to say that one disapproves strongly service.
of somebody/something; to criticize somebody/something Passage 19 Proliferation
= a rapid growth or increase in
The social (1) of the Web lifestyle and work style numbers
are enormous. A lot of people (2) that computers and Passage 18
the Internet will depersonalize experience, creating a
world that is less warm. But these are unfounded as K In the se days U of e conomic lND ibe ralisation,
we know that some people were (3) afraid that the
globalisation, etc. materialistic values have assumed
telephone would reduce face-to-face contact and will
(1) importance. Money, physical comforts and luxuries
(4) society to fall apart. But the (5) actually came true.
are the most sought after aspects. There has been (2)
Just as phone and e-mail have increased contact
competition. Such competition (3) undue stress. The
between people living in different communities and
stress leads to (4) of health of the people. Indian
between people on the go, the PC and the Internet
culture has (5) its striking uniqueness, as against
give us (6) way to communicate. They do not take any
the Western culture, in the fact that there is a (6)
away. In reality, the ability to use the Internet to
place for spiritualism in the value system in all walks AN
redefine (7) in our communities is strengthening
of life. The spirituality is a very (7) force which helps
personal and cultural (8). The Web lifestyle is about
us in maintaining our physical and mental health. It
broadening (9), not narrowing them. Community
gives us (8) to cope with the stress. Westerners have
building is going to be one of the biggest growth areas
now (9) the importance of spirituality and, therefore,
on the Web. It dramatically increases the number of
they have started (10) us in the matter of spirituality.
communities you can bond to because of its ability to 1. 1) usual 2) little
(10) groups of like-minded people independent of 3) tangible 4) least geography or time zones. 5) greater 1. 1) groups 2) needs 2. 1) critical 2) unhealthy 3) factor 4) teaching 3) unequalled 4) no 5) implications 5) absolute 2. 1) accept 2) dare 3. 1) releases 2) deserves 3) fear 4) propose 3) generates 4) demonstrates 5) reject 5) suppresses 3. 1) strongly 2) initially 4. 1) neglect 2) illness 3) always 4) never 3) generation 4) deterioration 5) possibly 5) encroachment 4. 1) let 2) decay 3) develop 4) cause 5) destroy Cloze Test 421 5. 1) opposite 2) found 8. 1) distinctive 2) appreciated 3) finding 4) different 3) formative 4) helping 5) negative 5) end 6. 1) cheaper 2) economical 9. 1) evolving 2) spreading 3) another 4) second 3) esteem 4) wisdom 5) many 5) popularity 7. 1) groups 2) ethics 10. 1) desirable 2) manageable 3) culture 4) bonds 3) redundant 4) vulnerable 5) boundaries 5) possible 8. 1) distances 2) connections Tone up
= to make one’s body stronger, fitter 3) differences 4) implications etc 5) suggestions C h a o s
= Complete disorder or confusion 9. 1) horizons 2) values Calami ty
= an event that causes great harm or 3) nations 4) means damage; a disaster Perpetual
= without interruption; continuous 5) status Induce
= to persuade or influence somebody 10. 1) reduce 2) focus to do something 3) prepare 4) connect Implicate
= to show that somebody is involved 5) develop
in something, especially in crime. Enormous
= very large; huge; immense Inculcate
= to fix ideas, principles etc firmly in Implication
= the conclusion that can be drawn from
somebody’s mind especially by
Ksomething, although it is not explicitly often repeating them stated. Cherish
= to keep a feeling or an idea in one’s Ethics
= moral principles that govern or influence
mind or heart and think of it with a person’s behaviour. pleasure Vulnerable
= that can be hurt, harmed or attacked Passage 20
easily especially because of being small or weak.
The urgent need of the hour is to (1) up the moral Redundant
= no longer needed; unnecessary
(2) of our society in general and of our student
community in particular, if we want to save ourselves Passage 21
and our socie ty from the pre se nt (3) of mass
Studies (1) the impact of computer models to
indiscipline and (4) of basic human values, which has
support policy-making processes in organisations have
become a (5) phenomenon. We must, therefore, (6)
(2) that client involvement in the model-building andK practise the mosU t (7) basic human ND values like co-
process is often a (3) for effective model-building. One
operation, tolerance, patriotism, generosity, truth,
important reason is that the process of model-building
justice and excellence—the ideals which are universal
is frequently more important than the resulting model.
in nature and which are (8) in themselves and which
Model-building itself is largely a (4) process about the
are worthy of (9) for their own sake. These ideals are
problem. Most (5) about the characteristics of an ill-
both personally as well as socially (10).
structured problem are gained during the (6) process 1. 1) give 2) stand
of designing a computer model, rather than after the 3) jack 4) climb
model is finished. Another important reason is that 5) tone AN
most information in an organisation (7) in the mental 2. 1) fibre 2) enactment
models of organisation members. To support policy- 3) reconstruction 4) situation
making in organisation it is this knowledge which 5) appreciation
needs to be (8) and represented in the model. An 3. 1) polarisation 2) degradation
important topic in client-oriented or (9) model building 3) chaos 4) provocation
thus be come s the (10) of re le vant knowle dge 5) sentiments
contained in the mental models of participants. 4. 1) calamity 2) focus 1. 1) evaluating 2) focussing 3) realisation 4) erosion 3) projecting 4) advocating 5) criticism 5) directing 5. 1) durable 2) universal 2. 1) devised 2) exhibited 3) perpetual 4) segmental 3) convinced 4) attributed 5) prolific 5) indicated 6. 1) incorporate 2) induce 3. 1) support 2) valuation 3) implicate 4) inculcate 3) prerequisite 4) material 5) involve 5) blueprint 7. 1) absorbing 2) cherished 4. 1) valuable 2) durable 3) introspective 4) famous 3) tedious 4) learning 5) productive 5) critical 422
Test of English Language 5. 1) thinking 2) insights
when East Asia was experiencing (8) difficulties. 3) planning 4) appreciation
However, the one unambiguous Achilles’ heel of 5) opinion
the reforms has been the (9) state of government 6. 1) elongated 2) concentrated
finances. One of the two crises that India faced in 3) iterative 4) evolving
1990-91 was the unsustainable imbalance between 5) consummate
government revenues and (10). 7. 1) resides 2) follows 1. 1) pulsating 2) shocked 3) settles 4) lies 3) commendable 4) promotable 5) committed 5) dipped 8. 1) extended 2) bisected 2. 1) production 2) consumption 3) subjected 4) captured 3) index 4) growth 5) attributed 5) progress 9. 1) revolving 2) interactive 3. 1) moderate 2) lukewarm 3) dogmatic 4) accentuated 3) shaky 4) considerate 5) formative 5) obstinate 10. 1) demarcation 2) formation 4. 1) ledger 2) balance 3) proliferation 4) association 3) equilibrium 4) intention 5) elicitation 5) idea Attributed
= to regard something as belonging 5. 1) demonstrated 2) exercising
t o, caused by or pr oduced by K 3) rejecting 4) display somebody/something 5) exhibiting
Prerequisite = a thing required as a condition for 6. 1) substantial 2) exemplary
something to happen or exist 3) indicative 4) conservative Blueprint
= a detailed plan or scheme Elongate
= to make something longer 5) destructive Iterative
= relating to or involving the repetition 7. 1) rationalisation 2) handling
of a process or utterance especially 3) management 4) proportions
of mathematical or computational 5) ration process. 8. 1) crisis 2) overcoming
Consummate = highly skilled; perfect 3) severe 4) enjoyable Dogmatic
= insisting that one’s beliefs are right 5) wailing
and that others should accept them, 9. 1) critical 2) vulnerable
without paying attention to evidence KU or to other opinio ND ns 3) prone 4) attackable
Accentuated = to make something very noticeable 5) easygoing
or pr omin ent ; to emph asiz e 10. 1) surplus 2) measurement something. 3) thinking 4) incomes Formative
= having an important and lasting 5) expenditure
influence on the development of A far cry from somebody’s character something
= at or to a great distance Elicit
= to draw facts, a response etc from By and large
= in general; generally speaking somebody , somet imes w it h Ample
= enough or more than enough difficulty. Weather A = to come sN
afely through a difficult
period etc; to survive something. Passage 22 Unambi guous
= clear in meaning; that cannot be
interpreted in more than one way
In the decade since reforms were introduced, India
Achilles’ heel
= a week point or small fault
has achieved substantial success in the sphere of especially in somebody’s
macroeconomics. Overall growth rate has been (1)
character, which cannot be used
except for the last couple of years. It bears pointing
or attacked by other people to
out that we have now come to view a 6 per cent (2) their advantage
rate as a slowdown! This is a far cry from pre-reforms Pulsate
= to expand and contract with
rate of growth of 3 per cent. The price level has by and
strong regular movements
large remained (3) both as measured by the WPI and
Commendable = deserving praise Lu k ewa rm = only slightly warm
CPI. India’s (4) of payments position has bee n Considerate
= thoughtful; careful not to hurt or
comfortable. Exports, while (5) some sluggishness this trouble others
fiscal, have been growing. Imports, in spite of (6) Obstinate
= difficult to overcome, remove etc
liberalisation, have not gone out of hand. This is amply Ex emplary
= serving as a good example,
reflected in the comfortable current account deficits suitable to be copied.
(CAD); the CAD-to-GDP ratio has remained way below W ai l
= t o cr y or complain about
the crisis (7) that it had achieved in 1991. The rupee
something in a loud, usually high
has weathered external turbulence rather well even pitched voice. Cloze Test 423 Prone
= likely to suf fer f rom, do or Passage 24 exper ien ce somet h in g unfortunate
Actually everyday we are engaged in this business
of ‘reading’ people. We do it (1). We want to figure Passage 23
others out. So we (2) make guesses about what others
The weaker sections of the rural population are
think, value, want and feel and we do so based on our
mostly from the socially and economically backward
(3) beliefs and understandings about human nature.
and (1) sections of the village community. Because of
We do so because if we can figure out (4) and
their (2) and financial difficulty, they are not readily
intentions of others the possibility of them (5) or
(3) to change their work habits and adopt modern
hurting us (6) and this will help us to (7) a lot of
technology. (4) sure about the traditional methods,
unnecessary pain and trouble. We also make second-
they are (5) to take to (6) equipment and techniques
guesses about what they will do in future, how they
which require some time to get accustomed for (7)
will (8) if we make this or that response. We do all work.
this second-guessing based upon our (9) of what we
After holding a number of group meetings with rural
believe about the person’s inner nature (10) his or
people (8) to different vocations and spread over the
her roles and manners. We mind-read their (11)
entire country, we can safely say that persons in the motives.
villages are not (9) for training to improve upon their
Also, everyday we misguess and misread. Why?
traditional and hereditary (10) of working.
Because of the complexity, (12), and multidimensional 1. 1) depressed 2) different
functioning of people. After all, how well do you ‘read’ K 3) rich 4) privileged
your own thoughts, aims, values, motives, beliefs, etc? 5) forward
How well do you know your own structuring process 2. 1) ability 2) dependence
— your own thinking and (13) styles? 3) illiteracy 4) number 1. 1) vehemently 2) practically 5) majority 3) actually 4) incessantly 3. 1) discarding 2) feeling 5) virtually 3) bending 4) undertaking 2. 1) ably 2) constantly 5) willing 3) partly 4) largely 4. 1) Making 2) Having 5) positively 3) Quite 4) Being 3. 1) futuristic 2) proactive 5) Not 3) reactive 4) decorative 5. 5) assumptive K 1) forced U2) relucND tant 3) bound 4) prepared 4. 1) manifestations 2) expressions 5) curious 3) motives 4) hopes 6. 1) farming 2) traditional 5) prospects 3) improved 4) powerful 5. 1) tricking 2) blaming 5) old 3) furthering 4) alarming 7. 1) routine 2) monotonous 5) criticizing 3) excessive 4) wasteful 6. 1) lessens 2) happens 5) effective 3) questions 5) laments A4) dN eepens 8. 1) accruing 2) helping 3) enabling 4) belonging 7. 1) approach 2) direct 5) referring 3) avoid 4) implement 9. 1) eager 2) capable 5) prepare 3) indifferent 4) antagonistic 8. 1) solve 2) apply 5) unwilling 3) plan 4) approach 10. 1) theories 2) techniques 5) respond 3) desires 4) hours 9. 1) projection 2) exhibition 5) policies 3) situation 4) prediction Vocation
= a person’s job or profession 5) attribution Privileged
= having a special right or advantage 10. 1) organizing 2) underneath
available only to a particular person 3) appreciating 4) proposing or group of people 5) outside Reluctant
= unwilling and therefore slow to act, 11. 1) cunning 2) visible agree etc 3) deeper 4) obvious Accrue
= to allow something to collect over a 5) proposed
period of time; to accumulate E ag er
= full of interest or desire; keen 12. 1) abnormality 2) angularity
Antagonistic = showing or feeling opposition; 3) focus 4) layeredness hostile; aggressive 5) contribution 424
Test of English Language 13. 1) proposing 2) developing 9. 1) ignorant 2) alert 3) upbringing 4) lamenting 3) prepared 4) vigilant 5) emotive 5) aware Vehement
= showing or caused by strong feeling; 10. 1) administrative 2) financial passionate 3) capacity 4) business Incessant
= not stopping; continual 5) hierarchical Virtually = almost S lack ness = laziness Proactive
= creating or controlling a situation by Anticipate = to expect something
causing things to happen rather Assimilate
= to absorb ideas, information etc in than reacting to events the mind
Manifestation = an event, an action, an object or a
statement that shows something Passage 26
clearly, eg illustrating or resulting from an abstract idea
The first proposal I submitted for my dissertation Lessen
= to become or make something less
at UCLA was to write a theory of personality. My Laments
= to feel or express great sorrow or
chairman, a kindly man, smiled (1) and told me that
regret for somebody/something
perhaps this was a bit ambitious for a young graduate
Underneath = ben eath somet hin g ; below something student. Cunning
= clever at deceiving people
(2), I accepted his verdict and changed my topic, Angu lar
= thin and having prominent bones;
but not my desire. It (3) later, when I had a chance to
K stiff and awkward begin to (4) a theory in my research on group dynamics Emotive
= arousing or able to arouse intense
for the Navy during the Korean War.
f eelin g; t en ding t o af fect t h e
As I (5) on the reasons for the persistence of my emotions
inte rest in the ove rarching theory, I had an (6) Passage 25
memory. When I was around eight years old, I was a
(7) baseball fan, as was my father. My hero was Lou
The study of accountancy is (1) in demand in the
Gohrig. I would approach my father in an attempt to
view of (2) of greater complexity in our business
prove to him how good Gohrig really was : “He hit 363,
organisation. Formerly a (3) of day-to-day income and
had 49 home runs, batted in 165 runs. He’s terrific!”
e xpe nditure was more than (4) . A busine ss
My father’s response caught me off guard : “Yes, but
organisation today has to (5) a clear account of the
he can’t field.” I wasn’t prepared for that. From then
(6) it uses, the amounts that are owing to it, the
on, my way of (8) with my father’s responses was to a K mount that it ow U es to others, the ND profit or loss it
make sure I knew everything about any topic I wanted
has made and the (7) it employs. Without a scientific
to talk to him about. Partly as a (9), I became a holist.
(8) of accounting no businessman can be fully (9) of
I had to make sure I had (10) for everything.
his real (10) position and run his organisation. 1. 1) usually 2) profusely 1. 1) progressing 2) getting 3) benignly 4) abruptly 3) powering 4) moving 5) decidedly 5) growing 2. 1) Indolently 2) Skilfully 2. 1) demand 2) growth 3) Enchanted 4) Constrained 3) status 4) position 5) Chagrine A d N 5) slackness 3. 1) lamented 2) resurfaced 3. 1) mixture 2) map 3) appreciated 4) provided 3) measure 4) record 5) projected 5) transaction 4. 1) inject 2) involve 4. 1) sufficient 2) anticipated 3) exhibit 4) formulate 3) expected 4) required 5) establish 5) necessary 5. 1) pondered 2) evaluated 5. 1) gather 2) observe 3) developed 4) perfected 3) maintain 4) organise 5) appreciated 5) assimilate 6. 1) interesting 2) obvious 6. 1) manpower 2) infrastructure 3) engulfing 4) esteemed 3) money 4) resources 5) evolving 5) capabilities 7. 1) precarious 2) haunting 7. 1) capital 2) strength 3) deliberate 4) pervasive 3) authority 4) strategies 5) rabid 5) principles 8. 1) patience 2) alliance 8. 1) way 2) plan 3) influence 4) coping 3) system 4) goal 5) questioning 5) purpose Cloze Test 425 9. 1) custom 2) capacity 2. 1) for 2) was 3) defence 4) preference 3) from 4) with 5) posterity 5) may 10. 1) consideration 2) accounted 3. 1) replacing 2) retailing 3) longing 4) regard 3) rotating 4) re-regulating 5) established 5) reducing
Dissertation = a long essay on a particular subject 4. 1) lie 2) profess
especially one written for a higher 3) exhibit 4) manifest university degree 5) express Benignly
= kindly; gently; mildly; pleasantly 5. 1) analytical 2) absorbing Indolent = lazy 3) interesting 4) frightening
Persistence = continuing to do something in spite of difficulties 5) valuable
Overarching = Covering a wide range of topics, 6. 1) critical 2) obsolete
interests, activities etc 3) modern 4) devastating R ab i d = violent or extreme 5) lamentable Off guard
= not prepared for attack, a surprise 7. 1) durability 2) reactivity or a mistake 3) activity 4) proactivity
Account for = to give a satisfactory record of 5) capacity
money, etc in one’s care. 8. 1) systems 2) managements Prof use
= in large amounts; abundant Enchanted = filled with delight 3) processes 4) individuals K Chagri ned
= af fect ed w it h a f eelin g of 5) units
disappoin ted or ann oy an ce at 9. 1) echoed 2) supported
having failed, made a mistake etc. 3) adjusted 4) provided Ponder
= to thing about something carefully 5) developed
and for a long time especially in 10. 1) directing 2) providing
trying to reach a decision; to consider 3) affecting 4) questioning Engulf
= to surround somebody/something 5) projecting
especially so t hat th ey ar e completely covered. A d apt
= to make something suitable for a Evolve
= to develop naturally and usually new use, situation etc. gradually Foster
= t o h elp t h e developmen t of Esteem
= t o h ave a h ig h opin ion of
something; to encourage or promote
somebody/something; to respect something KU somebody/someth ND ing greatly Culminate
= t o reach t he h igh est point or Precari ous = not safe; dangerous
specified conclusion or result Haunting
= beautiful and sad, making a strong Obsolete
= no longer used; out of date
impression and remaining in the
Shelf–life
= the length of time for which a stored thoughts.
item, especially food, remains in Pervasive
= present and seen or felt everywhere good condition Deliberate = done intentionally Passage 28 Posterity
= all future generations of people Passage 27 In (1) of cons A titutional guar N antees relating to
equality of opportunity and various other guarantees
In the past, it was thought learning knowledge took
of equality before the law, the social and economic (2)
place in school and for some also in further education.
of women, especially of poor women in India, is well-
Then it was a matter of (1) practical skills at work at
known. We are referring mainly to the poor rural women
the beginning of a career, and with a bit of luck, that
who have little or no assets and who (3) the bulk of
(2) it. Now things have changed. Global competition
the female population in rural areas. It is not as if
is (3) the shelf-life of products and the knowledge
only poor rural women get less wages or suffer from
and skills that (4) behind them. The pace of change
social ( 4) be cause the y be long to a particular
can be (5). Knowledge that was leading edge at one
community. Even at highe r levels of the socio-
minute can become (6) the next. Therefore, it is the
economic hierarchy among the well-to-do groups,
(7) rather than knowledge that is the key. Successful
women are not (5) to men. Among the economically
organizations have to learn, adapt and change
(6) sections of society, women’s proper place is (7) to
continuously as do the (8) within them. This is (9) in
be the home. In rural areas, women of (8) status
the rapid growth of knowledge workers. It is (10) all
families, normally do not go out to work. In the (9) levels of organisations.
value system, the re is a gradation of e conomic 1. 1) fostering 2) projecting
activities, which is (10) in the socio-economic status 3) acquiring 4) manipulating of the family. 5) culminating
Thus, if the women of the family do manual labour
in the fields, it denotes low status. Women earning a 426
Test of English Language
living, or supplementing their family income through
long and are unlikely to (3) up together again: a(n) (4)
economic activities like stitching, garment-making, or
rise in global oil prices, a monsoon that arrived late
some handicraft work, are also considered low because
and a spike in global metal prices. North Sea crude
it clearly shows that their family is poor and they are
has crossed $42 per barrel, driven up by low petroleum
forced to make ends meet. It is considered right and
(5) and soaring demand in the US as war production
proper for a woman to cook, sew and take up activities
heats up. Oil markets are also spooked by the (6) of
like pickle-making for her own family. But, if she were
Russian oil supplies falling on the back of the Yukos-
to earn a wage through these same activities, it
Sibneft probe. There’s little that the government can
denotes poverty and also, often, low socio-economic
do to (7) users from soaring oil prices—indeed, it status.
shouldn’t, if it wants to (8) efficiency. Higher transport 1. 1) support 2) spite
costs have pushed up rates of vegetables and fruits. 3) contrast 4) wake
Farm produce could also get affected by rains that 5) view
arrived too late for kharif sowing. China is (9) up steel 2. 1) condition 2) prosperity
and other metals from all over the world to (10) a 3) progress 4) deprivation
construction boom ahead of the 2008 Olympics, 5) value
making metal prices soar all over the world, and 3. 1) constitute 2) deploy sparking inflation in India. 3) measure 4) define 1. 1) mere 2) moderate 5) exploit 3) retarding 4) vehement 4. K 1) status 2) service 5) dull 3) indifference 4) ignorance 2. 1) obstinate 2) constitute 5) discrimination 3) persist 4) repeat 5. 1) dedicated 2) accountable 5) normalise 3) equal 4) responsible 3. 1) go 2) scramble 5) antagonistic 3) mount 4) yield 6. 1) marginal 2) significant 5) crop 3) well-off 4) affordable 4. 1) sustained 2) suspicious 5) dependable 3) horrific 4) erratic 7. 1) entitled 2) decided 5) favourable 3) indicated 4) debated 5. 1) lists 2) trades 5) considered 3) services 4) inventories 8. K 1) economic U2) approND priate 5) details 3) ample 4) higher 6. 1) prospect 2) progress 5) social 3) view 4) extent 9. 1) unequal 2) prevailing 5) deposit 3) appropriate 4) commendable 7. 1) support 2) ignore 5) deplorable 3) propel 4) prolong 10. 1) reflected 2) exempted 5) insulate 3) barred 4) considered 8. 1) position 2) promote 5) neglected 3) process A 4) N pass
Deprivation = the state of not having the benefits 5) form
that most people have, such as a 9. 1) hurrying 2) passing
home and enough food, money etc 3) pairing 4) gobbling Deploy
= to use something effectively 5) throwing
Antagonistic= showing or feeling opposition; 10. 1) keep 2) make hostile; aggressive Prevailing
= most usual or widespread 3) feed 4) grow
Commendable = deserving praise 5) fight Deplorable
= that is, or should be condemned S cary = causing fear or alarm Exempt
= to make somebody/something free Crop up
= t o appear or occur especially
from an obligation, duty or payment unexpectedly Persi st
= t o con tin ue t o do somet hin g Passage 29
especially with determination and
inspite of difficulty, opposition,
After ten years of (1) inflation, prices have hiked argument or failure
7.5% in the third week of July. This looks scary—after S o a r
= to rise quickly to a high level or
all, Indians had got used to prices crawling up by 2% standard
in the last two years, and a 10-year average inflation S pook
= to become suddenly frightened by
rate of about 5%—but you shouldn’t worry. This burst something Probe
= a thorough and careful investigation
of inflation is the result of three factors that have of something
come together unexpectedly, are unlikely to (2) for Cloze Test 427 Gobble up
= to use up all of something very 9. 1) closely 2) previously quickly. 3) timely 4) hastily Vehement
= showing or caused by strong feeling; 5) questioningly passionate 10. 1) stately 2) manifold Obstinate
= refusing to change one’s opinion or 3) shrinking 4) applicable
decision , despit e at t empt s t o persuade one. 5) functioning Horrific = causing horror Underlying
= exiting in relation to a situation but Inventory
= a detailed list eg of goods, furniture not immediately obvious or jobs to be done.
Disseminate = to spread ideas, beliefs etc widely Propel
= to move, drive or push something/ Impetus
= a force that encourages a process to somebody forward develop more quickly Prolong
= to make something last longer
Ramification = any of a large number of complex Insulate
= to protect somebody/something
or unexpected results that follow an
from the unpleasant effects of action or a decision. something. Disrupt
= to make it difficult for something to
pr oceed, eg by causin g noise, Passage 30
problem, interruptions etc. Systemic
= done or acting according to a system
In recent years, the banking industry has been or plan
undergoing rapid changes, reflecting a number of (1) Relegate
= to give somebody/something a
developments. The most significant has been advances
lower or less important rank, task in c or state. K
ommunication and information technology. Which Hastily = hurriedly
have (2) and broadened the (3) of financial information Stately
= having dignity; impressive; grand
while lowering the costs of many financial activities.
A second key (4) for change has been the increasing Passage 31
competition among a broad (5) of domestic and foreign
institutions in providing banking and (6) financial
Tea prices in the domestic (1) continue to rule high
services. Third, financial activity has become larger
in the (2) ye ar despite the expectation of a (3)
relative to overall economic activity in most economies.
production as compared to the previous year. According
This has meant that any (7) of the financial markets
to a preliminary assessment (4) on the weather (5) in
or financial infrastructure has broader economic (8)
recent months, tea output in the next year may reach
than might have be e n the case (9) . The se
800 tons as (6) 780 tons last year. During the past
de ve lopme nts have (10) conse que nce s for the
three months tea prices have shown an (7). Unlike instK itutional and sy U stemic structure o ND f the financial
last year when tea prices were dramatically low, this
sector in general and banking in particular.
year prices seem to have (8) at rather high level. In 1. 1) challenging 2) subjective
the subsequent four months, the (9) average price 3) situated 4) underlying
showed a downtrend, but in September the price has 5) principled
(10) hardened to a considerable extent. 2. 1) measured 2) motioned 1. 1) market 2) area 3) habituated 4) processed 3) sector 4) profit 5) accelerated 5) production 3. 1) concealment 2) disagreement 2. 1) last A2) fiN rst 3) dissemination 4) sowing 3) current 4) second 4) earlier 5) differentiation 3. 1) lower 2) large 4. 1) force 2) impetus 3) higher 4) maximum 3) pull 4) movement 5) reasonable 5) energy 4. 1) shared 2) based 5. 1) group 2) rank 3) carried 4) strategy 3) place 4) range 5) conducted 5) row 5. 1) pattern 2) forecast 6. 1) personal 2) relegated 3) condition 4) outbreak 3) related 4) noticed 5) out bursts 5) referenced 6. 1) to 2) per 7. 1) disruption 2) dissociation 3) above 4) against 3) shattering 4) split 5) compared 5) dissection 7. 1) upgrade 2) uptrend 8. 1) branches 2) clusters 3) increased 4) increment 3) arrangement 4) ramifications 5) incline 5) subdivisions 8. 1) stabilised 2) surfaced 3) increased 4) moderated 5) synchronised 428
Test of English Language 9. 1) annual 2) weekly
making a profit through changes in 3) daily 4) quarterly
their value, but with the risk of 5) monthly losing money. 10. 1) now 2) then Conform
= to follow generally accepted rules,
standards etc; to comply 3) since 4) never Legitimate
= in accordance with law or rules; legal 5) again Enact = to make or pass a law
Subsequent = later; following Incline
= to lean or slope or cause something Passage 33
to lean or slope, in a certain direction
Synchronise = to operate, move, turn etc at the
First aid experts stress that (1) what to do for an same time, speed etc.
(2) victim until a doctor or other trained person gets
to the accident scene can (3) a life, especially in cases Passage 32
of stoppage of breathing, severe bleeding, and shock.
A National Horticulture Mission is proposed to be
People with special (4) problems, such as diabetes,
launched with a goal to (1) horticulture production by
cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, or allergy, are (5) to
2011 -12. States have been (2) to join (3) with the
wear some sort of emblem identifying the problem, as
Centre in launching this mission and establish a State
a safeguard against administration of medication that
Level Cooperative Society for promoting horticulture.
might be injurious or even (6). When emergencies do
Farmers will be (4) to (5) into oilseeds through
occur, (7) first aid within the first few minutes often
promotion of superior seed technology and through
(8) life or death. (9) administering of first aid (10) an K
(6) policy of price support.
medical professionals to provide better care.
A model law on (7) of agricultural produce has been 1. 1) before 2) attempting
circulated and, so far, ten States have (8) legal or (9) 3) regarding 4) knowing
action for ‘direct marketing’ and ‘contract farming’ 5) about
arrangements in line with the model law. The Budget 2. 1) injured 2) inquiring
urged all the States to (10) the model law at an early 3) efficient 4) important date. 5) accidental 1. 1) channelise 2) market 3. 1) harm 2) comfort 3) mobilise 4) double 3) take 4) soothe 5) sell off 5) save 2. 1) found 2) invited 4. 1) mental 2) ethical 3) medical 4) accident K 3) reported U4) noticeND d 5) dedicated 5) moral 3. 1) hands 2) themselves 5. 1) prohibited 2) invited 3) them 4) along 3) compelled 4) allowed 5) products 5) urged 4. 1) empowered 2) encouraged 6. 1) appropriate 2) dangerous 3) paid 4) granted 3) beneficial 4) fatal 5) authorised 5) remedial 5. 1) look 2) turn 7. 1) expectin A g 2) pN roviding 3) diversify 4) involve 3) avoiding 4) ignoring 5) invest 5) neglecting 6. 1) independent 2) encouraging 8. 1) determines 2) offers 3) expensive 4) exact 3) vanishes 4) reflects 5) appropriate 5) begs 7. 1) distribution 2) storage 9. 1) Hasty 2) Careless 3) harvesting 4) marketing 3) Proper 4) Probable 5) investment 5) Reasonably 8. 1) precipitated 2) speculated 10. 1) resists 2) instigates 3) initiated 4) prohibited 3) hinders 4) prevents 5) enforced 5) enables 9. 1) penal 2) conforming Epilepsy
= a disease of the nervous system 3) legitimate 4) informal
t hat causes a per son to f all
unconscious, often with violent 5) administrative movements of the body. 10. 1) enact 2) explain Emblem = an object t h at r epr esen t s 3) interpret 4) clarify something; a symbol 5) elaborate F a t a l
= causing or ending in death Speculate
= to guess; to buy and sell goods or S a f e gu ar d
= a thing that serves as a protection
stocks and shares in the hope of
from harm, risk, or danger Cloze Test 429 U rg e
= to recommend or advise something
discussion and without quarrelling strongly Meticulous
= giving or showing great care and Remedial
= providing or intended to provide a attention to detail.
treatment, medicine etc that cures
of disease or relieves pain. Passage 35 Instigate
= to make something begin or happen Hinder
= to prevent or delay the progress of
If an (1) is genius, he (2) the penalty of genius. If somebody/something
he has only talent, various cares and worries make
life extremely (3). He takes great pains (4) compose. Passage 34
He meets with continuous (5) at his inability to reveal
(6). Also he is often (7) with the difficulty of (8) the
New technology has led directly to (1) standards of
public ear. A literary life (9), therefore, mostly an
living, yet science tends to follow market forces as unhappy (10).
well as to (2) them. It is not surprising that the rich 1. 1) individual 2) ideal
get richer in a continuing cycle of (3) while the poorest 3) invention 4) event
are often left behind. A special (4) should be made by 5) author
the powerhouses of world science to address the 2. 1) tolerates 2) prevents
unmet challenges of the poor. Ending (5) poverty can 3) suffers 4) imposes
relieve many of the pressures on the environment. 5) inflicts
When impoverished households are (6) (7) on their 3. 1) miserable 2) impatient
farms, for example, they face less pressure to cut down 3) comfortable 4) happy nei K
ghbouring forests in (8) of new farmland. Still, even 5) bearable
as extreme poverty ends, we must not fuel prosperity 4. 1) about 2) with
with a lack of (9) for industrial pollution and the (10) 3) in 4) to burning of fossil fuels. 5) and 1. 1) visible 2) declining 5. 1) admiration 2) disappointment 3) improved 4) amicable 3) disapproval 4) criticism 5) rigorous 5) satisfaction 2. 1) fail 2) claim 6. 1) public 2) them 3) market 4) avoid 3) himself 4) literature 5) lead 5) others 3. 1) wealth 2) growth 7. 1) down 2) engaged 3) poverty 4) improvement K 3) busy 4) leading 5) economy 5) faced 4. 1) effort
U2) care 8. 1) entering 2) sounding 3) practice 4) occasi ND on 3)awakening 4) gaining 5) sanction 5) listening 5. 1) marginal 2) apparent 9. 1) is 2) governs 3) superficial 4) extreme 3) leads 4) begins 5) dismal 5) wishes 6. 1) abnormally 2) less 10. 1) thing 2) one 3) more 4) excessively AN 3) ending 4) event 5) unreasonably 5) incidence 7. 1) efficient 2) meticulous Inflict
= t o make somebody /someth in g 3) careful 4) dependent
suf f er somet h in g ; t o make 5) productive
somebody expect something that is 8. 1) view 2) search
unpleasant or not welcome 3) expectation 4) lust 5) place Passage 36 9. 1) attitude 2) mobility
The Indian Meteorological Department has sought 3) initiative 4) concern
permission to (1) a Doppler weather radar system - 5) ease
use d for long-range we athe r fore casting. The 10. 1) unchecked 2) repeated
Government had (2) the equipment in the wake of 3) periodical 4) occasional
26/7 and (3) to find a suitable location have been on 5) limited
(4) then. The key factor is that the radar’s antenna is Unmet = not satisfied
to be installed in an (5) area of a few square kilometres D ismal
= less good than expected; very poor;
far from highrises, (6) at an altitude. The radar would miserable; gloomy Impoverish
= to make somebody poor; to make
also need to be (7) near the coast as it would be used
somebody poorer or worse in quality
to (8) high-intensity storms or cyclones. MHCC has Amicable
= based on or achieved through polite
hinted it is willing to (9) clearance for the Colaba site, 430
Test of English Language
but only after (10) the location. It was after (11) around Encumber = t o pr ev en t somebody /
for locations across the city that the office proposed
something from moving or
to locate the radar near the observatory. But the
acting freely and easily
problem of finding a suitable site within the (12) still Scout around
= to look in various places to find somebody/something
remains. The area is very congested. We will have to Ab stai n
= to keep oneself from doing or
locate a site not only from the heritage (13) of view
having something that one
but also the radar needs to be at a height which is likes or enjoys.
higher than all the buildings in the area. The naval Precinct
= an area in a town for specific or
residential buildings which are in the area are 13-14
restricted use, especially a
storeys high. If at all it is to be set up at Colaba then
shoping area where vehicles
it must be above the (14) structures so that signals may not enter.
reaching the antenna are not (15). Passage 37 1. 1) detach 2) install 3) launch 4) fix
Several studies have (1) that folks who (2) engage 5) attach
in mentally challenging activities—like reading, doing 2. 1) granted 2) realised
crossword puzzles or playing chess—(3) less likely to 3) abstained 4) seen
(4) dementia later in life. The difficulty comes in 5) sanctioned
figuring out (5) their good fortune is a direct (6) of 3. 1) try 2) project
their leisure activities or whether their continuing K 3) commission 4) efforts
pursuit of these pleasures merely (7) good genes for 5) worked cognitive function. 4. 1) since 2) until
A 20-year survey of 469 elderly people living in the 3) already 4) at
Bronx, New York, tried to get to the (8) of this chicken- 5) for
or-egg question by following subjects who (9) no signs 5. 1) inseparable 2) encumbered
of dementia in the first seven years of the study. The 3) unencumbered 4) unpossessed
results, which were published in 2003, showed that 5) occupied
reading and playing board games or a musical 6. 1) hopelessly 2) hoping
instrume nt was (10) with a de cre ase d risk of 3) enacting 4) preferably
Alzehimer's disease or other forms of dementia. (11), 5) undesirably
those with the strongest habits (12) the greatest 7. 1) erected 2) located
benefits. Participants who solved crossword puzzles K 3) stalled
U4) tied four days a week, for instance, had a 47% (13) risk of 5) build
dementia than those who do the puzzles once a week. 8. 1) deduct 2) exam ND ine
By the same (14), several studies have suggested 3) feel 4) evaluate
that older folks who are socially active — (15), for 5) detect
example, do volunteer work or attend religious services 9. 1) advocate 2) launch
— have a reduced risk of dementia. 3) pass 4) grant 1. 1) done 2) performed 5) grand 3) found 4) led 10. 1) examining 2) study 5) ensured AN 3) scanning 4) combing 2. 1) seldom 2) never 5) watching 3) absently 4) reluctantly 11. 1) marching 2) chasing 5) regularly 3) scouting 4) pursuing 3. 1) seem 2) have 5) hunting 3) were 4) refrain 12. 1) campus 2) premises 5) ascertain 3) area 4) perimeter 4. 1) cure 2) engage 5) precinct 3) embarrass 4) develop 13. 1) site 2) point 5) form 3) angle 4) out 5. 1) that 2) low 5) sight 3) when 4) why 14. 1) existing 2) enacted 5) whether 3) demolished 4) planned 6. 1) goal 2) result 5) conceived 3) measure 4) route 15. 1) stopped 2) hurdled 5) offer 3) blocked 4) paused 7. 1) encourages 2) reflects 5) halted 3) enhances 4) engenders In the wake of
= comin g af ter or f ollowin g 5) threats something Cloze Test 431 8. 1) height 2) cause Demonstrate
= to show something clearly by 3) bottom 4) dilemma
giving proof or evidence 5) anxiety Passage 38 9. 1) had 2) conceal 3) reserve 4) force
The growth story in any developing country cannot 5) accumulate
be (1) without (2) its impact on the poverty and 10. 1) bereft 2) together
employment situation. The Planning Commission has 3) envisaged 4) associated
(3) that India should strive for ‘more inclusive growth’. 5) anticipated
The number of people living below the poverty line 11. 1) Luckily 2) Certainly
has (4) from 36 per cent in 1993-94 to 22.0 per cent in 3) Intriguingly 4) Unfortunately
2004-05. Again, the issue is to bring more and more 5) Obviously
pe ople out of pove rty by (5 ) the m productive 12. 1) targeted 2) demonstrated
employment opportunities. The Approach Paper to 11th 3) deserved 4) demanded
Five Year Plan suggests that doubling the growth of 5) expected
agricultural GDP to 4 per cent per annum will (6) rural 13. 1) more 2) greatly
employment conditions, by raising real wages and 3) sharper 4) steeper
reducing underemployment. However, even if this is 5) lower
attained, an overall growth of 9 per cent will further 14. 1) token 2) way
increase income (7) between agricultural and non- 3) analogy 4) example
agricultural households, (8) around 10 million workers K 5) author
currently in agriculture find remunerative non- 15. 1) they 2) always
agricultural employment. This (9) a major challenge 3) same 4) who
not only in terms of generating non-agricultural 5) many
employment but also in (10) its required location and Dementia
= a serious disorder of mind caused type.
by brain disease or injury 1. 1) completed 2) retold Figure out = t o un der st an d somebody / 3) achieved 4) constructed
something by thinking about them/ 5) narrated it. Pursuit
= the action of looking for or trying to 2. 1) generating 2) assessing find something. 3) realising 4) counting Merely = only; simply 5) finding K Cognitive U
= of or relating to the ND action or process 3. 1) desired 2) estimated
of acquir ing know ledg e an d 3) focused 4) verified
understanding through thought, 5) stressed
experience or the senses 4. 1) uplifted 2) degraded
By the same = exactly the one or ones referred 3) vanished 4) decreased token
to or mentioned; not different; identical 5) enhanced Refrain
= to stop oneself doing something, 5. 1) absolving 2) providing
especially something that one would 3) nurturing 4) ignoring like to do. 5) refusing AN Ascertain
= to investigate something so that one 6. 1) impact 2) diversify
knows and is certain; to find out 3) lay 4) aggravate something 5) improve Engender
= to be the cause of a situation or 7. 1) opportunity 2) assessment condition Dilemma
= a situation in which one has to 3) disparity 4) parity
choose between two undesirable 5) tax
things or courses of action. 8. 1) unless 2) for Conceal
= to hide somebody/something 3) in spite of 4) despite Bereft
= without or having lost a particular 5) by
power or quality; lacking hope, 9. 1) addresses 2) meets support or ideas 3) poses 4) recognises Envisage
= to imagine something as a future 5) solves
possibility; to form a mental picture of something 10. 1) exploring 2) acquitting Anticipate
= to expect something; to see what is 3) reciprocating 4) matching
going to happen or what will need 5) solving
to be done and take action to Strive
= to try very hard or for a long time to
prepare for it in advance.
obtain or achieve something; to fight Intriguing
= in terest in g especially because
hard against somebody/something
unusual; fascinating or mysterious
Remunerative = for which one is well paid 432
Test of English Language Absolve
= to declare that somebody is free of 9. 1) resolve 2) order guilt blame etc 3) observe 4) diagnose Parity
= the state of being equal especially 5) recommend
as regards status or pay 10. 1) casual 2) good Disparity = a difference 3) surgeon 4) handsome Ex plore
= to examine something thoroughly in
order to test it or find out about it 5) insincere Acquit
= to declare somebody to be not guilty 11. 1) with 2) for
of a crime etc; to free or clear 3) at 4) upon
somebody of blame responsibility 5) in etc 12. 1) dose 2) drug
Reciprocate = to give and receive something in 3) intake 4) nourishment
return; to make a mutual exchange 5) punishment of something 13. 1) oppose 2) protest Passage 39 3) subject 4) care 5) object
Though I had hired cabins in Bandra and a house 14. 1) oppose 2) take
in Andheri, divinity would not let me settle down. (1) 3) prescribe 4) describe
had I moved into my new house when my brother 5) propose
Balmukund, who had already been through an (2) 15. 1) hard 2) unkind
attack of jaundice some years back, had a (3) attack 3) easy 4) wise of K
typhoid, ( 4) with pne umonia and signs of 5) careful
restlessness at night. The doctor was (5) in. He said Divinity
= the quality of being God or a god.
medicine would have (6) effect, but eggs and chicken
Confer with = to have discussions especially in
both might be given. Balmukund was only five years
order to exchange opinions or get
old. To confer with his wishes was out of the question. advice
Being his (7) I had to (8). The doctor was very good. I Nourishment
= f ood th at keeps somebody / something alive and well.
told him that we were all vegetarians and that I could Prescribe
= to advise or order the use of a
not possibly give either of the two things to my brother.
medicine or medical treatment.
Would he therefore (9) something else? ‘Your brother’s Burly
= big and strong; heavily built.
life is in danger,’ said the (10) doctor. ‘We could give
him milk diluted (11) water, but that will not give him Passage 40 en K ough (12). As yo U u know, I am call ND ed in by many
In our system, a vast gap (1) the life children lead
vegetarian families, and they do not (13) to anything I
at school and what they experience outside. The space
(14). I think you will be well advised not to be so (15)
where they are (2) to learn about life is so far removed on your brother.’
from (3) that we might as well ask (4) to buy space- 1. 1) Then 2) Hardly
suits for their little ones, instead of school uniforms. 3) Wherever 4) Quicker
(5) they read, listen to and copy from the blackboard 5) Why
is so meticulously deodorised and (6) that it carries 2. 1) heart 2) big
no resonance of experienced reality and (7) in life. 3) acute 4) hard The school dayA becomes a (8) N of didactic songs and 5) harsh
memorised information. Special (9) are marked by 3. 1) unforgiving 2) hard
elaborate acts of sycophancy and preaching. School 3) burly 4) severe
authorities (10) stop talking about values, but ignore 5) tough
the cynicism felt by the young over the high levels of 4. 1) couple 2) felt
chicanery and verbosity they find in adult talk. 3) combined 4) joint 1. 1) occurs 2) separates 5) adjoining 3) bridges 4) escapes 5. 1) brought 2) called 5) finds 3) invited 4) sent 2. 1) about 2) worried 5) commissioned 3) compelled 4) supposed 6. 1) negligent 2) soothed 5) deprived 3) rough 4) little 3. 1) reality 2) school 5) deep 3) fantasy 4) imagination 7. 1) doctor 2) attendant 5) existence 3) nurse 4) forefather 4. 1) teachers 2) principals 5) guardian 3) schools 4) coaching classes 8. 1) plead 2) hide 5) parents 3) pressurise 4) decide 5) proceed Cloze Test 433 5. 1) When 2) How
and economic settlements. Even though the numbers 3) What 4) Whether
involved in violent deaths are (7) by the larger numbers 5) Whenever
that (8) from (9) of healthcare, the crude and brutal 6. 1) sanctified 2) written
nature of this form of gender inequality makes it a 3) emphasised 4) memorised
particularly severe (10) of the deprivation of women. 5) imbibed 1. 1) expectations 2) counting 7. 1) demand 2) culture 3) incidence 4) acceptance 3) miseries 4) joy 5) responses 5) applicability 2. 1) frequency 2) occurrence 8. 1) programme 2) ritual 3) event 4) chance 3) consult 4) tradition 5) blocking 5) store 3. 1) relatively 2) clearly 9. 1) persons 2) leaders 3) surely 4) undoubtedly 3) locations 4) occasions 5) astonishingly 5) indications 4. 1) accomplished 2) acknowledged 10. 1) always 2) deliberately 3) cleared 4) understand 3) seldom 4) relentlessly 5) assured 5) invariably 5. 1) anxiety 2) terrible Spacesuit
= a sealed suit covering the whole 3) surprise 4) power
body and supplied with air, allowing 5) form
Ksomebody to survive and move 6. 1) national 2) visible about in space. 3) social 4) category Sanctify
= the state of being holy or sacred; to 5) personal
make somebody/something holy; to justify something 7. 1) fewer 2) outshine Resonance
= the power to bring, images, feelings, 3) lean 4) dwarfed
memories etc into the mind of the 5) horrible reader, listener etc. 8. 1) perish 2) develop Deodorise
= to hide or remove unpleasant smells 3) spoil 4) incline from something 5) direct Didactic
= desig n ed f or t h e purpose of 9. 1) omission 2) attention teaching something 3) care 4) effort
Sycophancy = the action of gaining people’s favour KU by in sin cere pr ND aise or alw ay s 5) neglect agreeing with them 10. 1) remark 2) indication Cynic
= a person who questions whether 3) happening 4) manifestation
someth in g will really h appen, 5) rise
whether something is important etc B ru tal
= cruel; savage; without mercy Chicanery
= the use of clever but misleading talk Incidence
= the extent to which something
in order to trick somebody; false
happens or has an effect. argument
Remark ab le = unusual or exceptional; w orth Verbosity
= noun of the word ‘verbose’ noticing Verb ose
= using or containing more words than Batter A = to hit some N body/something hard are needed and repeatedly. Imbibe = to adsorb something
Astonishingly = very surprisingly Misery
= great suffering or discomfort of mind Terrible
= v er y un pleasant and ser ious; or body.
causing one to feel very unhappy or Relentless
= never ending; constant upset Invariably = always D w a r f
= to make somebody/something seem
small by contrast or distance. Passage 41 Peri sh
= to be destroyed; to die
Manifestation = an event, an action, an object or a
One of the most brutal features of gender inequality
statement that shows something
takes the form of physical violence against women.
clearly eg illustrating and resulting
The (1) of such violence is remarkably high, not only from an abstract idea.
in poorer and less developed economies but also in
Accomplish = to succeed in doing something; to
wealthy and modern societies. Indeed the (2) of
complete something successfully.
battering wome n e ven in the richest and most
Accomplished = skilled; well trained or educated
developed economies is (3) high. Turning to India, it
in social skills such as conversation, art, music etc.
must be (4) first that the frequency of assaults on
women is high in the country. To that (5) general
recognition has to be added the special role of violence
connected with particular (6) features, such as dowry 434
Test of English Language Passage 42 13. 1) louder 2) fewer 3) magnificent 4) most
With the US military tied down on two fronts and 5) bigger
the rest of the world growing (1) to American power, 14. 1) instability 2) fuel
the challenges for Rice are as (2) as they have been 3) energy 4) peace
for any Secretary of State in the past three decades. 5) atrocity
After six years of tussling with others on Bush’s 15. 1) defusing 2) demolishing
national-security team, Rice has seen off her rivals 3) terminating 4) igniting
and (3) as the principal spokesperson for Bush’s 5) extinguishing
foreign (4). Her reward has been to (5) responsibility Tie down
= to restrict somebody/oneself to
for selling a failed policy in Iraq and (6) a legacy for
cer t ain con dition s or a f ixed
Bush at a time when (7) in the world are in the mood occupation or place.
to help her. “Bush is severely (8) and has very little Tussle
= to struggle or fight to get something
(9) or support at home or abroad,” says Leslie Gelb, See off
= to force somebody to leave a place Grim
= very bad; of very low quality
former president of the Council on Foreign Relations. Emanate
= to come or flow from something/
“That is (10) true for his Secretary of State. So they
somebody or from a place.
are (11) flailing around.” Ignite
= to start to burn or make something
That’s a grim assessment, since the (12) to start to burn
international order are (13) today than at any other
Subservient = giving too much respect, obedience
time since the end of the cold war. The most immediate etc so K
urce of (14) emanates from where the country civil Triv ial
= of little importance; concerned with
war risks (15) a region-wide conflict. unimportant thing Daunt
= to discourage or frighten somebody 1. 1) resistant 2) subservient Entrust
= to give responsibility for somebody/ 3) immune 4) cordial something to somebody 5) indifference S hi rk
= to avoid doing work, one’s duty etc 2. 1) obvious 2) trivial
because one is lazy, cowardly, not 3) superfluous 4) daunting interested etc. 5) rewarding Inherit
= to have features or qualities similar 3. 1) renamed 2) emerged
to those of an ancestor. 3) appointed 4) entrusted Visuali ze
= t o f or m a men t al pict ur e of somebody/something 5) visited S alv age
= to save something from harm, 4. K 1) aid U2) recogND nition
disaster, difficult circumstances etc. 3) policy 4) acceptability Autocrat
= a person who expects to be obeyed 5) minister
at all times and pays no attention to 5. 1) shirk 2) avoid
the opinions, feelings etc of others 3) transfer 4) visualize
Inadvertent = n ot don e deliber ately or 5) inherit intentionally 6. 1) focusing 2) framing Pleasantry
= a friendly casual remark usually
made in order to appear polite 3) escaping 4) salvage Accolade
= an award of praise, approval or 5) demolishing AhonourN 7. 1) people 2) few Atrocity
= a very wicked or cruel act. 3) diplomats 4) autocrats Extinguish
= to cause something to stop burning 5) most Legacy
= money or property left to a person 8. 1) intensified 2) master-minded when somebody dies. 3) weakened 4) projected Passage 43 5) supported 9. 1) credibility 2) difficulty
Delinking of jobs from degrees is one of the (1) 3) majority 4) power
features of our education (2). There has been a (3) 5) enthusiasm
fall in (4) in the academic field in recent years. There 10. 1) not 2) uniformly
is a (5) of degree holders in the country. As a result, 3) remotely 4) partially
university degrees have (6) their value and charm while 5) also
the number of students in colleges and universities 11. 1) effectively 2) inadvertently
of the country has been (7) rising. Consequently, 3) basically 4) aimlessly
thousands of graduates and postgraduates come out 5) not
of these institutions and stand in queues waiting to 12. 1) admirations 2) threats
get some (8) jobs (9) in the country. Moreover, these 3) pleasantries 4) demands
degree holders do not have any technical or vocational 5) accolades
knowledge needed for a particular job. As a result, Cloze Test 435
the number of educated unemployed has been rising
find programmes that (9) the benefits of remitted cash
(10). It has created a very serious problem.
while (10) some of its downside. 1. 1) minor 2) trivial 1. 1) accelerated 2) grew 3) unachievable 4) irrelevant 3) expand 4) increase 5) salient 5) escalating 2. 1) process 2) policy 2. 1) strike 2) encouraged 3) development 4) guideline 3) astonished 4) convinced 5) procedures 5) disturb 3. 1) expected 2) sheer 3. 1) rise 2) represent 3) rough 4) steep 3) project 4) exceed 5) gentle 5) recover 4. 1) assessment 2) evaluation 4. 1) record 2) tracks 3) competence 4) fees 3) estimate 4) report 5) value 5) surveys 5. 1) flood 2) class 5. 1) Detrimental 2) Minor 3) party 4) mob 3) Profuse 4) Benefited 5) rabble 5) Vital 6. 1) mislaid 2) lost 6. 1) circumstance 2) profit 3) increase 4) found 3) impact 4) status 5) establish 5) quality 7. K 1) slowly 2) hastily 7. 1) declaring 2) established 3) deeply 4) gradually 3) measuring 4) reforming 5) steadily 5) govern 8. 1) prestigious 2) trivial 8. 1) mask 2) hid 3) menial 4) academic 3) review 4) display 5) managerial 5) supported 9. 1) occurring 2) posted 9. 1) launch 2) predict 3) created 4) available 3) optimum 4) appreciate 5) advertised 5) maximize 10. 1) exponentially 2) awfully 10. 1) augmenting 2) avoiding 3) terribly 4) fast 3) suspend 4) protects K 5) incalculably 5) detracting Salient U = most noticeable or ND important; main Astoni sh
= to surprise somebody greatly Consequently
= as a result; therefore Remittance
= a sum of money sent in payment for Vocational
= of or relating to the qualifications
something; the sending of money in
and pr epar at ion needed f or a payment for something particular job Alleviate
= to make something less severe; to Sheer
= complete; nothing more than ease something Rabble
= a large disorderly group of people; a Plight
= a serious and difficult situation or mob. condition Menial
= not requiring much skill and often Put off A = put somethin N
g to a later time or date; boring to delay something Awfu l
= ext r emely bad or unpleasant ; Ma s k
= to hide or disguise something terrible Remit
= to send money etc to a person or
place especially by post. Passage 44 E scalate
= to increase or develop by successive stages
Mass migration has produced a huge worldwide
Detrimental = harmful
economy of its own which has (1) so fast during the Prof use
= in large amounts; abundant
past few years that the figures have (2) experts. Last Optimum
= best or most favourable
year remittances sent home by migrants were expected Augment
= to make something larger in number
to (3) $232 billion according to the World Bank which
or size; to increase something
(4) these figures. (5) though the flow of remittances Detract
= to make something seem less good or of lower value
is to alleviate the plight of the migrant’s family it
cannot on its own lift entire nations out of poverty. Passage 45
Those who study the (6) of remittances argue that
the money allows poor countries to put off basic
Some places are so beautiful that they (1) the viewer
decisions of economic management like (7) their tax
for all eternity. So it was for Emperor Muhammad
collection systems and building schools. Remittances
Zahiruddin Babur, the 16th-century monarch who (2)
to poor countries can also (8) the fact that they do
away his time in the pleasure gardens of Kabul before
not produce much at home. The challenge is now to
heading south to India in 1525 to (3) the Mughal 436
Test of English Language
Empire. Though Babur built a dynasty that was to last F ra g r an t
= having a pleasant or sweet smell
for 300 years, he never (4) his beloved Kabul, and (5) Dwell
= to live in or at a place
vast riche s to re cre ate the garde ns (6) the Passage 46
subcontinent. Those Mughal gardens, as they are now
(7), grace ancient capitals from Delhi to Srinagar with
At just (1) midnight on July 1, 1997 in a glittering
their (8) vistas and strict architectural symmetry. But,
and poignant ceremony, Hong Kong passed from being
Babur never really (9) at home in India and asked
a jewel of the British empire to a (2) of a new global
that (10) his death his body be returned to Kabul and
power. Hong Kong people (3) their city’s handover from
laid to rest in his favourite garden.
the UK to China with (4) feelings: apprehension over 1. 1) attracted 2) haunt
the future, joy at a fresh start, sadness at seeing the 3) fascinated 4) accommodate
British go, pride over returning to their motherland. 5) implore
On the eve of the handover, the stock market index, a 2. 1) cast 2) fed
key barometer of Hong Kong’s wealth, (5) at a record 3) gave 4) whiled
15,200 points and today it (6) near the 21,000 mark. 5) deported
Being a part of a booming China almost guarantees 3. 1) establish 2) travelled
that Hong Kong will remain (7). But mainland China 3) crown 4) situate
is a (8) as well as a partner. China’s new ports, for 5) find
example, will siphon trade (9) from Hong Kong and its 4. 1) reached 2) visited
lower labour costs will impact the jobs. However, there K 3) saw 4) remembered
is little doubt that Hong Kong is fortunate to have 5) forgot
become a part of China at a time when mainland China 5. 1) accumulates 2) confiscated
can provide (10) opportunity. 3) exhausted 4) demanded 1. 1) recorded 2) near 5) looted 3) close 4) past 6. 1) into 2) over 5) quite 3) overlooking 4) throughout 2. 1) component 2) premises 5) encroaching 3) captive 4) merger 7. 1) destroyed 2) dilapidated 5) list 3) rebuilt 4) inhabited 3. 1) encounter 2) decided 5) known 3) viewed 4) restrained 8. 1) elegant 2) notorious 5) told K 3) obnoxious U4) fragraND nt 4. 1) flexible 2) emotional 5) infrequent 3) mixed 4) changed 9. 1) went 2) dwelt 5) negative 3) felt 4) rested 5. 1) plunged 2) rose 5) enjoyed 3) valued 4) climbed 10. 1) before 2) upon 5) stood 3) till 4) in 6. 1) follows 2) pauses 5) at 3) fell 4) hovers Haunt
= to return repeatedly to somebody’s 5) measure AN
mind; to be impossible for somebody 7. 1) marginalised 2) prosperous to forget 3) orderly 4) friendly Eternity
= time without end; endless life after 5) poor death
Whi le away = to pass a period of time in a relaxed 8. 1) competitor 2) representative way 3) adversary 4) colleague Grace
= a quality of simple elegant beauty 5) member
and smoothly controlled movement. 9. 1) against 2) away Elegant = g r acef ul and att r act iv e in 3) illegally 4) moving appearance or manner 5) through V i s ta s
= a beautiful view eg of nat ural 10. 1) full 2) risky scenery, a city etc. 3) lucky 4) unfair At home
= in one’s own country Implore
= to ask or beg for something in a 5) immense serious way Glittering
= mag n ificent , splendid or Confiscate
= to take somebody’s property away extremely successful
from them by the use of one’s Poignant
= affecting one’s feelings deeply;
authority usually as a punishment
making one sad or full of pity
Di lapidated = falling to pieces; in a bad state of Apprehension
= anxiety about something in the repair
future, fear that something will Obnox ious
= very unpleasant; offensive
be un pleasan t or th at Cloze Test 437
something unpleasan t will 8. 1) paid 2) offered happen. 3) deserved 4) distracted On the eve of
= the day or evening before an 5) received
event, especially a religious 9. 1) enhancement 2) prevention festival or holiday. 3) attachment 4) refurbishment Hover
= to remain near something or in an uncertain state. 5) expedition Siphon away
= to transfer something from one 10. 1) anticipate 2) provoke
place to another often unfairly 3) discourage 4) envisage or illegally 5) create Captive
= having little or no freedom to Insolvent
= unable to pay debt; bankrupt
g o elsew h ere or t o make H a z a r d
= a thing that can be dangerous or choices
cause damage; a danger or risk A dv ersary
= an opponent in a contest, an S a f e gu ar d
= a thing that serves as a protection argument or a battle.
from harm, risk or danger
Paramou nt = more important than anything else; Passage 47 supreme
Predominantly = mainly; for the most part
India’s approach towards treatment of (1) banks is Eventual
= happening at last as a result
yet another interesting issue. Rather than closing Dissolve
= t o cause an or g an iz at ion or
them down, policymakers in India have shown a
arrangement to end officially
preference to (2) such banks with healthy public sector Relegate
= to give somebody/something less banK
ks. It has been (3) in certain circles that such an
important rank, task or state
approach may give rise to a moral hazard problem. Anchor
= a person or thing that gives security
However, two issues need (4) in this context. First, and confidence Ex tradite
= to send back somebody accused or
comme rcial banks are the most dominant and
found guilty of a crime to the country
systemically important segment of the financial
where the crime was committed.
syste m. Second, ove r 70 pe r ce nt of the bank Imbibe
= to absorb somethin g; to drink
depositors in India are small depositors. Therefore,
something especially alcohol
systemic concerns coupled with the necessity to (5) Connive
= to work together with somebody in
the interest of small depositors have been (6) in the
order to do something wrong or
minds of policy makers while (7) with insolvent banks. illegal
This issue had not (8) much attention in the context Cope
= to deal successfully with something difficult; to manage
of a predominantly government-owned banking system. Converse
= to talk to somebody especially in As K the weight of p U rivate banks incr ND eases further informal way.
thinking will need to be done on this subject, both in Distracted
= unable to concentrate because of
terms of (9) of insolvency through advance regulatory
being worried or thinking about
supervision and action, and post-insolvency measures something else
that (10) moral hazard and eventual fiscal cost. Refurbish
= to restore and decorate a building 1. 1) insolvent 2) foreign
et c; t o develop an d improv e 3) cooperative 4) small something Expedition
= an organized journey or voyage with 5) private a particular aim 2. 1) dissolve 2) relegate AN Envisage
= to imagine something as a future 3) anchor 4) merge
possibility; to form a mental picture 5) connect of something 3. 1) resolved 2) felt 3) promised 4) identified Passage 48 5) done
Although he is no longer alive, (1) his influence 4. 1) resolutions 2) decisions
can be felt in the studio (2) he created cartoons and 3) approaches 4) priority
feature films which made him known and (3) around 5) consideration
the world. (4) many people who work to create humour 5. 1) enhance 2) increase
he took it very seriously. He would sit sadly (5) the 3) safeguard 4) rationalize
funniest cartoon concentrating or some way to improve 5) evolve
it. Walt Disney (6) the opinions of those working with 6. 1) paramount 2) superficial
him but the (7) judge me nt was always his. He 3) extradited 4) vested
demanded a lot (8) people but he gave a lot too. When 5) imbibing
the economy was not doing well he gave every one a 7. 1) conniving 2) coping
(9) and though some (10) of this, it gave his employees' 3) absorbing 4) dealing morale a boost. 5) conversing 438
Test of English Language 1. 1) yet 2) even 1. 1) knowledge 2) security 3) and 4) till 3) presence 4) confidentiality 5) besides 5) guarantee 2. 1) from 2) where 2. 1) negotiate 2) advance 3) which 4) while 3) credit 4) disburse 5) that 5) sanction 3. 1) respect 2) seen 3. 1) pursue 2) interact 3) loved 4) entertained 3) operate 4) enable 5) laughed 5) engage 4. 1) For 2) To 4. 1) drawback 2) hurdle 3) Without 4) Not 3) consequence 4) luxury 5) Like 5) innovation 5. 1) on 2) until 5. 1) Despite 2) Although 3) front 4) through 3) Even 4) Yet 5) in 5) Until 6. 1) saw 2) concluded 6. 1) view 2) realise 3) discussed 4) discouraged 3) display 4) engineer 5) valued 5) assess 7. 1) final 2) ultimately 7. 1) essential 2) obsolete K 3) important 4) hasty 3) extant 4) retreat 5) lasting 5) expired 8. 1) by 2) from 8. 1) moderately 2) occasionally 3) with 4) to 3) compulsorily 4) indiscriminately 5) many 5) effectively 9. 1) advance 2) share 9. 1) phenomenal 2) gradual 3) fee 4) raise 3) proportionate 4) competitive 5) profit 5) projected 10. 1) credit 2) disapproved 10. 1) discount 2) base 3) criticized 4) offended 3) expansion 4) satisfaction 5) paid 5) relationship Raise
= an increase in amount, number or Bedrock
= basic facts or principles KU intensity Virtual
= almost or nearly the thing described, Morale = t he amoun t ND of con fidence, but not completely
enthusiasm, determination etc that Obsolete
= no longer used; out of date
a person or group has at a particular
Phenomenal = very remarkable; extraordinary time. Disb urse
= to pay out money especially from a
fund collected for a purpose Passage 49 Ex tant = still in existence Retreat
= to move back or withdraw when
Traditional bank architecture is based on bank
faced with danger or difficulty
branches. These branches ensure the physical (1) of AN
a customer’s savings. A customer may go there to Passage 50
deposit and withdraw money, (2) loans and (3) in other
Our company has set up a foundation which is (1)
financial transactions. In the past two decades
to spreading literacy. To (2) this cause the foundation
banking architecture has changed– the Automated
has a project called ‘A Library for Every School’ through
Teller Machine (ATM) has been a big (4) and credit
(3) the foundation donates books mainly to government
and debit cards have created new financial spaces.
school libraries so that children have easy (4) to books
(5) the bank branch has remained the bedrock of the
on a variety of subjects. In my (5) as Chairperson of
banking system–after all a person needs a bank
the Foundation I travel (6) in rural areas. All this
account in a branch before he can operate a debit or
travelling has (7) me to understand what children want
ATM card. This may be about to change as technocrats
to read in different parts of the country. (8) my travels
now (6) cell phones as the new architecture of virtual
I frequently stay in the houses of people I meet as (9)
banks. This has the potential to make branches (7).
there are no hotels in small towns and villages that I
Cell phone banking looks especially relevant for India
visit. In India a guest is always treated well; an old
since it can penetrate the countryside cheaply and
Sanskrit saying is Atithi Devo Bhava (10) that God
(8). The world over cell phones are spreading at a (9) comes in the form of a guest.
rate and in India alone new cell phone connections 1. 1) dedicated 2) responsible
are growing at the rate of six million a month–a rate 3) trying 4) catered
of customer (10) that no bank can dream of. 5) involved Cloze Test 439 2. 1) awaken 2) further
Scientists from India’s space and atomic energy 3) aim 4) contribute
departments and in some other places where serious 5) perform
science is done can take (a/an) (9) out of the school’s 3. 1) those 2) which
book and (10) the way in engaging with school pupils 3) whom 4) where
and getting them to do real science. 5) these 1. 1) done 2) unlikely 4. 1) opportunity 2) admission 3) potential 4) promising 3) purchase 4) access 5) possible 5) contact 2. 1) questioned 2) said 5. 1) feeling 2) decision 3) retorted 4) answered 3) role 4) knowledge 5) address 5) order 3. 1) question 2) finding 6. 1) extensively 2) somehow 3) methodology 4) result 3) extremely 4) hastily 5) studies 5) sometime 4. 1) wage 2) create 7. 1) ensured 2) provided 3) execute 4) carry 3) enabled 4) deprived 5) attempt 5) made 5. 1) option 2) lives 8. 1) During 2) Since 3) visual 4) demands 3) From 4) Through 5) perception K 5) Besides 6. 1) revolutionary 2) radical 9. 1) while 2) usual 3) rote 4) adequate 3) neither 4) often 5) bore 5) either 7. 1) stimulate 2) simulate 10. 1) threatens 2) meaning 3) make 4) peek 3) fearing 4) imply 5) judge 5) naturally 8. 1) cause 2) root Cater
= to provide what is needed or desired 3) reasons 4) issues by somebody/something 5) sources Passage 51 9. 1) thread 2) leaf 3) example 4) look K Can an experimeU nt conceived, carND ried out, and 5) pages
reported in kids-speak with pencil-coloured figures 10. 1) lead 2) start
and hand-written tables by school children aged 8 to 3) deliver 4) paved
10 years get published in a highly rated international 5) ahead
journal following a peer-reviewing process? Twenty- Peer
= to look closely or car ef ully at
seven schoolchildren from a primary school in UK have
something especially when unable to see it well
proved this is (1) — if a simple but novel scientific Bumble-bee
= a large hairy bee that makes a loud
question raised is (2) in a scientific way. Their paper noise as it flies
was published in the Royal Society’s Biology Letters Fo ra ge A = to search orN hunt for something
journal. Their (3) was that bumble-bees can use a
especially food and supplies
“combination of colour and spatial relationships in S pati al
= related to space as a physical
deciding which colour of flower to forage from.” dimension
Considering that our understanding of how bees Carry out
= to do something as required or
perceive coloured patterns and scenes is inadequate,
specified; to fulfil something
Rote learning = learing something in order to be
this inspiring outcome has shown that schoolchildren
able to repeat it from memory, rather
guided by gifted teachers can think and (4) out
than in order to understand it.
experiments like any hard-wired scientist. For these Retort
= to make a quick, especially angry,
kids, doing science changed their (5) of the subject.
reply to an accusation or a challenge
Science also became “cool and fun.” This refreshing Stimulate
= to pretend to have or feel an emotion;
approach turns the spotlight on the best methods of
to create certain conditions by
teaching science. The (6) learning system adopted
means of model etc; to take the
by most schools in India, even classroom study appearan ce of somet h ing / somebody
combined with some laboratory work with pre-defined
outcomes, does very little to (7) curiosity and interest Passage 52
in science. Is that one of the (8) why out-of-the-box
thinking that produces path-breaking science rarely
Does Indian industry need democracy? The Indian
comes out of Indian laboratories? The children at the
economy’s sustained growth today is (1) by incomplete
UK school had their gifted teacher to guide them.
democracy. While millions of Indians endure poverty, 440
Test of English Language
only a tiny majority (2) prosperity. On the other hand,
E galitari an = showing or holding a belief in equal
many Latin American countries have registered (3)
rights, benefits and opportunities
growth rates under military dictators and today one of for everybody
the fastest growing economies in the world — China Orthodox
= following strictly the older, more traditional practices.
— has an (4) rather than a democratic government. Imply
= to suggest something indirectly
So why does India need democracy for sustained
rather than stating it directly
growth? To many, democracy (5) slower decision- Gracious
= kind, polite and generous especially
making with corrupt politicians and red-tapeism etc.
to somebody of a lower social
Industry should therefore be (6) with less, not more, position
democracy. However, while China (7) consumption in Indulge
= to become involved in an activity
order to save and invest more than half its output to
especially one that is illegal or
produce 10% growth, India (8) almost two-thirds of disapproved of. Disperse
= to go in different directions or make
its output and manages to achieve 9% growth from
somebody/something do this
one-third of its output. (9) India’s democracy is not
inefficient when it comes to making (10) use of Passage 53 resources. 1. 1) deprived 2) hampered
A factor that air passengers give little thought to 3) eliminated 4) faced
but which is a serious threat to air safety is (1) 5) threaten
maintenance. In the current global airline boom 2.
competition is (2). Which compels airlines to (3) costs K 1) pursuit 2) acquisition 3) benefit 4) enjoy
and ( 4) output. In India with a se at capacity 5) value
considerably (5) of the demand all airlines practise 3. 1) acceptable 2) insignificant
severe cost-cutting to (6). Faced with having to cut 3) variable 4) inflated
costs to the bone and maximise aircraft utilisation, a 5) affordable
surprising number of airlines may cut (7) on aircraft 4. 1) autonomous 2) economical
maintenance, even at the (8) of compromising safety. 3) authoritarian 4) egalitarian
While commercial aircraft are (9) to take much 5) orthodox
punishment, for example, in the event of pilots flying 5. 1) imply 2) mentions
into thunderstorms there is a limit to the punishment 3) attracts 4) features
that e ve n the toughest aircraft can take whe n 5) means
profitability takes (10) over safety. 6. K 1) gracious U2) adapND ted 1. 1) expedient 2) incessant 3) fascinated 4) pleased 3) routine 4) laborious 5) urged 5) poor 7. 1) bans 2) curtails 2. 1) optimise 2) intense 3) regulate 4) ceases 3) destined 4) guarantee 5) discourage 5) profitable 8. 1) consumes 2) selects 3. 1) falsify 2) lavish 3) indulges 4) disperse 3) minimise 4) incline 5) hoard 5) ration AN 9. 1) Accordingly 2) Totally 4. 1) depress 2) productive 3) Thus 4) Even 3) curb 4) available 5) Likely 5) maximise 10. 1) ultimately 2) capably 5. 1) ahead 2) less 3) modest 4) secure 3) more 4) saturated 5) effective 5) above Hamper
= t o pr even t somebody’s fr ee 6. 1) invest 2) survive
movement or activity; to restrict or 3) live 4) appraise
hinder somebody/something 5) reinforce Endure
= to suffer patiently something that 7. 1) out 2) taxes
is painful or uncomfortable 3) across 4) corners
Authoritarian = favouring complete obedience to 5) short
authority especially that of the state 8. 1) claim 2) formality
at the expense of personal freedom 3) reminder 4) strain
Acquisition = the action or process of acquiring something 5) risk Inflate
= to make something more important, 9. 1) designed 2) unable
impressive etc than it really is; to 3) rotated 4) originally exaggerate something 5) standard Cloze Test 441 10. 1) encouragement 2) influence 2. 1) full 2) voluminous 3) precedence 4) cover 3) substantial 4) limited 5) guard 5) rapid To cut to the
= to reduce something greatly 3. 1) readily 2) tangible bone 3) routinely 4) securely
To cut corners = to do something in the easiest, 5) unique
quickest or cheapest way, often by 4. 1) process 2) waves
ignoring rules or omitting something 3) deliveries 4) connection Precedence
= the right or requirement to come
before somebody/something else in 5) channels
time, order etc; priority 5. 1) valuable 2) answerable Expedient
= useful or convenient for a particular 3) amenable 4) exposed
purpose, though not necessarily fair 5) responsible or moral 6. 1) waning 2) stable Incessant
= not stopping; continual 3) proportionate 4) marginal La v i sh
= g iv in g or doing somet hin g 5) high
generously or excessively; great in 7. 1) archive 2) domain
extent, rich in quality and usually costing a lot of money 3) purpose 4) component Ration
= to limit the amount of something that 5) aspect
somebody is allowed to have 8. 1) law-abiding 2) tried Cu rb
= to prevent something from getting 3) reassuring 4) cost-effective
Kout of control; to restrain something 5) stop-gap A pprai se
= to assess the value, quality or nature 9. 1) inclined 2) immune of somebody/something 3) vulnerable 4) surrendered Reinforce
= t o st reng t hen or emph asiz e a 5) pressured
feeling, an idea, a habit etc 10. 1) person 2) own Passage 54 3) relatives 4) purses 5) self
Mobile banking (M banking) involves the use of a Readily
= without hesitating; willingly
mobile phone or any other mobile device to (1) Amenable
= that can be treated in a particular
financial transactions linked to a client’s account. M way
banking is new in most countries and most mobile Domain
= a field of knowledge or activity
payment models even in developed countries to date Single out
= to choose somebody/something ope K rate on a (2) sca U le. A mobile netwoND rk offers a (3)
from a group for special attention Vulnerable
= that can be hurt, harmed or attacked
available te chnology platform onto which other
easily especially because of being
services can be provided at low cost with effective small or weak.
results. For example, M banking services which use
Implication = a thing that is not openly stated; a
(4) such as SMS can be carried at a cost of less than
thing that is suggested or implied.
one US cent per message. The low cost of using Disb urse
= to pay out money especially from a
existing infrastructure makes such services more (5)
fund collected for a purpose
to use by customers with lower purchasing power and Lu re
= a thing that attracts or is used to
opens up access to services which did not reach them A attract peopl N e or animal Tangible
= clear and definite; real; that can be
earlier due to (6) cost of service delivery. Although M perceived by touch
banking is one aspect in the wider (7) of e-banking Waning
= becoming gradually smaller, weaker,
there are reasons to single it out for focus—especially
less powerful or less important
because there are a lot more people with mobile
Law- ab i di ng = obeying the law
phones than bank accounts in India. Immune
= n ot aff ected or inf luen ced by
M banking could provide a (8) solution to bring more something
“unbanked” people to the financial mainstream. Passage 55
Without traditional credit, individuals are (9) to
exploitation by abusive lenders offering very high
In July 2008, one of the most inspiring leaders of
interest rates on short term loans. Also of considerable
our times, will (1) his ninetieth birthday. Nelson
importance are public safety implications for the
Mandela retired from politics in 1999, but he has
unbanked—they are often victims of crime because
remained (2), continuing his work through the Nelson
many operate on a cash-only basis and end up carrying
Mandela Foundation. The foundation has launched
significant amounts of cash on their (10) or store cash
an Aids awareness campaign, 46664, named (3) in their homes.
Mandela’s prison number. He has also set up a 1. 1) disburse 2) undertake
scholarship programme whose (4) was to promote 3) subscribe 4) lure
leadership among young Africans. 5) amass 442
Test of English Language
During the 1990s, (5) I worked with Mr Mandela on
efficiency by Japan. Mass production and production
his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom, I (6) his
for the masses became the bases of new business
leadership firsthand. During his election campaign
strategies. Large-scale consumption by all with the
we were on board a plane discussing his book. Twenty
social benefit of (3) poverty, became the dominant
minutes (7) to landing the engine failed. Many began
economic strategy. The advent of electricity and its
to panic. The only thing that (8) them was looking at
large -scale application to lighting, heating and
Mandela, who was reading his paper as if he was a
operating machine s added a fresh dimension to
passenger on a morning train to work. The plane
manufacturing. By the 1950s came (4) in electronics
landed safely and when we got into the car taking us
and transistor devices to be followed by innovations
to the hotel he (9) to me, “I was terrified on the plane
in microelectronics, computers and various forms of
!” As a leader he realised he was a model for others
sensors all of which (5) altered the manufacturing
and this gave him the strength to (10) over his own
sce ne . It is now no longe r ne ce ssary to make fear.
prototypes in a factory or a laboratory to study a new 1. 1) tribute 2) remember
product. Many new products can be (6) on computers 3) honour 4) celebrate
and their behaviour simulated on them. By choosing 5) rejoice
an optimum de sign through such simulations, 2. 1) resigned 2) active
compute r programme s can dire ctly (7) the 3) influenced 4) participant
manufacturing proce sse s. The se proce sse s are 5) reserved
generally called Computer Aided Design (CAD) and 3. K 1) by 2) with
Computer Assisted Manufacturing (CAM). The se 3) after 4) as
capabilities are leading to newer forms of (8) by 5) thereafter
customers. Each customer can be offered several 4. 1) wish 2) pursuit
special options. Customised product design or (9) 3) result 4) plot
manufacturing are other popular techniques currently 5) aim
in (10) in many developed countries. 5. 1) when 2) that 1. 1) havoc 2) transformation 3) period 4) later 3) destruction 4) violence 5) alongside 5) deforestation 6. 1) felt 2) acquainted 2. 1) discarded 2) resorted 3) experienced 4) underwent 3) indulged 4) perfected 5) learned 5) designated 7. K 1) before U2) sooneND r 3. 1) removing 2) nurturing 3) close 4) prior 3) appeasing 4) cajoling 5) advance 5) mastering 8. 1) calmed 2) soothing 4. 1) additions 2) gadgets 3) composed 4) restraint 3) modifications 4) variety 5) discipline 5) inventions 9. 1) speaks 2) confided 5. 1) immediately 2) precisely 3) confidentially 4) entrusted 3) irreversibly 4) indefinitely 5) assured 5) measura A bly N 10. 1) success 2) overcame 6. 1) designed 2) produced 3) dominate 4) victory 3) manufactured 4) sold 5) triumph 5) purchased Name after
= to give a name to somebody or 7. 1) inspire 2) cultivate 3) visualise something 4) drive 5) curtail On board
= on or in a ship or an aircraft 8. 1) uses 2) demands Confide
= to tell a secret to somebody 3) advertisements 4) consumption
which trusting them not to tell 5) goods others Terri fied
= very frightened; filled with 9. 1) visible 2) secure terror 3) fundamental 4) overt Triumph over
= to be successful; to gain a 5) flexible victory 10. 1) view 2) wings Rejoice
= to feel or show great joy 3) vogue 4) isolation Acquainted
= familiar with something 5) order Passage 56 Advent
= the approach or arrival of an important person, event etc
Mankind has seen rapid (1) in the last 150 years Prototype
= the first model or design of something
from which other forms are copied or
because of the mass manufacturing techniques (2) in developed.
western nations and later taken to new levels of Cloze Test 443
Simulated = artificial, but made to look, feel etc like
accommodate all. Only then can we ensure the much- the real thing
needed supply-demand (10) in the education sector. Vogue = a current fashion 1. 1) with 2) for D i scard
= to throw something out or away; to stop 3) on 4) into
using, wearing, etc something that is no 5) in longer useful Resort
= to make use of something especially bad 2. 1) around 2) near
or unpleasant as a means of achieving 3) into 4) about
something, often because no other course 5) reaching of action is possible 3. 1) forming 2) translating Indulge
= t o become in v olv ed in an act ivit y 3) having 4) taking
especially one that is illegal or disapproved 5) framing of 4. 1) affect 2) ideas
Designate = to mark or indicate something clearly; to 3) practice 4) concept specify something Nurture
= to care for and encourage the growth of 5) procedure somebody/something 5. 1) benefit 2) merit Appease
= to reduce the intensity of somebody’s 3) chance 4) basis
feelings usually by satisfying their needs 5) method
or demands partly or in full 6. 1) unless 2) until Cajole
= to make somebody do something by 3) executed 4) provided
cleverly persuading, deceiving or flattering 5) exercised Kthem. 7. 1) other 2) any Vi suali se
= to form a mental picture of somebody/ something 3) two 4) differ Curtail
= to make something shorter or less; to 5) after reduce something 8. 1) on 2) of Overt
= done or shown openly or publicly; not 3) often 4) taken secret or hidden 5) off Passage 57 9. 1) soft 2) more 3) less 4) only
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory 5) hard
Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which came (1) effect in 10. 1) need 2) equilibrium
April this year, is meant to transform the education 3) expectation 4) attempt sec K tor and take Indi U a closer to the go ND al of universal 5) aspects
schooling. But with admissions to the new academic
Just around the corner = very near
session just (2) the corner, it is fast becoming clear
Translate into = to express something or to be
expr essed in a diff er en t
that (3) well-intentioned ideas into (4) will take some
especially a more practical form
doing. For a start, the guidelines for admissions under Random
= don e, ch osen et c wit h out
the RTE prohibit schools from conducting any sort of
method or conscious choice;
stude nt profiling. The stre ss on a random ye t haphazard
justifiable admission process means that schools will Quirk
= a strange thing that happens
have to resort to something as quirky as a lottery AespeciallN y accidently
system. However, leaving admission to a good school The crunch
= an impor t ant and oft en
to pure (5) will only incentivise manipulations,
unpleasant point, situation or piece of information
defeating the very essence of RTE. Mortar
= a mixture of lime with cement
The main problem facing the education sector is
sand and w at er , used in
that of a resource crunch. The provisions for ensuring
building to hold bricks, stones
universal access to education are all very well, (6) we etc together.
have the infrastructure in place first. Brick-and-mortar Precede
= to happen before something
schools need to precede open admission and not the
The other way = in the opposite position or
(7) way around. In that sense, legislators’ assessment around direction
of ground realities is (8) target when they endorse Endorse
= t o g ive one’s approv al or
support to a claim, statement,
the closure of tens of thousands of low-cost private course of action etc
schools for not meeting the minimum standards of Specification
= a descr iption of wh at is
land plot, building specifications and playground area required
as laid out in the RTE Act. Instead of bearing down (9) Bear down on
= t o mov e quickly t ow ar ds
on private schools for failing to conform to abstract
somebody /someth in g in a
bureaucratic criteria, efforts to bring about universal
determined or threatening way
education should focus on upgrading and expanding Conform
= t o comply; t o agr ee or be
the existing government school infrastructure to
consistent with something A bstract
= general; not based on any
particular person, situation etc. 444
Test of English Language Passage 58 Passage 59
(1) a country needs money for a development
Re ce ntly the W orld Bank and the Asian
project, what can it do? It can (2) to the World Bank or
Development Bank (ADB) (1) separate reports on
Asian Development Bank for aid. A country with a
poverty. The World Bank report (2) its benchmark of
foreign currency problem can ask the International
extreme poverty by 25 cents from $1 per person per
Monetary Fund for (3). However, (4) there is no way
day to $1.25 per person a day. The ADB announced an
out for a country which has shortage of food. The
even (3) benchmark of $ 1.35 per person a day. These
country cannot (5) import the food if it is rare like
new benchmarks are (4) on surveys in the world’s
pulses which are grown only by a few countries. In poorest countries.
such cases the problem is more (6).
Experts often like to (5) that poverty has declined
This situation has led experts to suggest the (7) of
because of economic growth in India and China. This
establishing a World Agricultural Bank. The food
is wrong and (6). In the past twenty-five years the
situation today is serious since production is not
pove rty rate in India has (7) by less than one
keeping (8) with demand. The World Agricultural Bank
percentage point a year. (8) we use a poverty line of
can therefore be established by member-countries who
$1 per person per day or $1.25 per person per day
have to (9) both capital as well as surplus food to the
makes little (9). The number of poor in India is large.
Bank. The stocks would form a corpus which would be
The purpose of these statistics is not to dispute them
used to assist members in (10) of distress.
but to (10) whether the benefits of economic growth 1. 1) Though 2) Supposed
are being shared with the poor. K 3) Unless 4) That 1. 1) declared 2) released 5) When 3) print 4) issue 2. 1) appeals 2) go 5) publish 3) approach 4) solicit 2. 1) heightened 2) announced 5) requests 3) raised 4) maintained 3. 1) backing 2) helping 5) notified 3) solution 4) assistants 3. 1) better 2) significant 5) relieve 3) plausible 4) higher 4. 1) simply 2) during 5) lower 3) fact 4) presently 4. 1) based 2) collected 5) while 3) inferred 4) derived 5. K 1) attempt U2) yet 5) gathered 3) even 4) try 5. 1) realise 2) claim 5) start 3) discover 4) recommend 6. 1) address 2) acute 5) criticize 3) declined 4) achie ND vable 6. 1) adverse 2) opposing 5) prohibited 3) corrupt 4) rejected 7. 1) object 2) implementation 5) misleading 3) knowledge 4) advice 7. 1) deplete 2) plunge 5) idea 3) declined A 4) N weaken 8. 1) up 2) ahead 5) fell 3) paced 4) line 8. 1) Unless 2) Despite 5) tune 3) Instead 4) Whether 9. 1) demand 2) share 5) Regardless 3) benefit 4) contribute 9. 1) difference 2) effect 5) fund 3) contrast 4) question 10. 1) controls 2) combats 5) option 3) times 4) needs 10. 1) acknowledge 2) suggest 5) areas 3) care 4) inspire Back ing = help; support 5) study Acute = very great; severe Plausible
= seeming to be right or reasonable Keep up
= to continue without stopping that can be believed Corpu s
= a collect ion of wr itt en and/ or Deplete
= to reduce greatly the quantity, size, spoken texts
power or value of something D istress
= the state of being in danger or Plunge
= to jump or fall into something quickly
difficulty and needing help and with force. Solicit
= to ask somebody eagerly or firmly
for something; to try to obtain something Combat
= t o f igh t or str ug gle ag ainst somebody/something Cloze Test 445 Passage 60 Passage 61
Technology (1) lives. But (2) if people want it to.
The US is in the (1) of a cleanup of toxic financial
This qualification is important, and (3) to
waste that will (2) taxpayers hundreds of billions of
understanding progress. Akio Morita, the founder of
dollars, at the very least. The primary manufacturers
Sony, used to make inventions not by writing code
of these hazardous products (3) multimillion-dollar
but by making minute, detailed studies of (4) people
paychecks for their efforts. So why shouldn’t they (4)
lived the ir live s. It is observable that when he
to pay for their mop-up? This is, after all, what the US
re linquishe d dire ct involve me nt in product
Congress (5) in 1980 for (6) of actual toxic waste.
development at the company in the 1980s, Sony
Under the Superfund law (7) that year, polluters (8)
seemed to lose its (5) of developing a truly radical
for the mess they make. Environmental lawyer E
invention like the Walkman that the world takes to
Michael Thomas sees no (9) lawmakers couldn’t en masse.
demand the same of financial polluters and (10) them
However much it seems that machines are in (6),
to ante up some of the bank bailout money.
they are not. Yet the belief that technology alone holds 1. 1) range 2) depth
the key to (7) the way people work, buy, and do 3) midst 4) essence
business is strong. The rise of dotcoms in the late 5) debate
1990s was (8) by a belief that technology was changing 2. 1) benefit 2) cost
the rules of marketing and employee relationships. 3) earn 4) facilitate
This is not to say there have been no changes in the 5) save ne K
w economy; but that they (9) to appear where 3. 1) donated 2) demanded
technology makes it (10) for people to communicate 3) dwindled 4) spent
with each other, or have been unre lated to the 5) pocketed
technology. The dynamic is still a human one. 4. 1) hesitate 2) come 1. 1) ruins 2) changes 3) makes 3) defy 4) have 4) explains 5) shakes 5) admit 2. 1) not 2) occasionally 5. 1) decreed 2) refrained 3) seldom 4) only 3) commented 4) admonished 5) never 5) visualised 3. 1) key 2) primarily 6. 1) consumers 2) advocates 3) encouraging 4) supported 3) exponents 4) producers 5) disastrous 5) users 4. K 1) why
U2) where 7. 1) revoked 2) forced 3) when 4) wheth ND er 3) squashed 4) abandoned 5) how 5) enacted 5. 1) share 2) profit 8. 1) regain 2) claim 3) knack 4) business 3) pay 4) demand 5) plant 5) consider 6. 1) progress 2) control 9. 1) practice 2) reason 3) action 4) operation 3) compensation 4) issue 5) transition 5) wonder AN 7. 1) encroaching 2) accomplishing 10. 1) force 2) plead 3) appeal 3) determining 4) highlighting 4) dupe 5) follow 5) informing
In the midst of = while something is happening 8. 1) govern 2) successful or being done. 3) underlying 4) disputed Cleanup
= t he r emov al of cr imin als, 5) accompanied harmful influences etc; the
removal of dirt etc from a person 9. 1) tend 2) cease or place 3) fail 4) refuse Tox ic = poisonous 5) avoid
At the very least = and probably more than that 10. 1) essential 2) laborious H a z ar d o u s = dangerous; risky 3) tough 4) easier Pocket
= to keep or take something for 5) awkward
oneself especially dishonestly Relinquish
= to stop having, doing or claiming After all
= in spite of what has been said,
something; to give something up done or expected. Knack
= a skill at performing some special Decree
= t o or der somet h in g by a task; an ability
judgement or decision made by R adi cal
= fundamental; of or from the root or certain lawcourts base Mess
= a dirty or untidy state. en masse
= in a mass or crowd; all together 446
Test of English Language Ante
= money etc risked or gambled 4. 1) prove 2) search
on the unknown result of a 3) application 4) understanding
future event eg a race or a card 5) acknowledge game 5. 1) law 2) aspects Facilitate
= to make something especially 3) experts 4) books
an action or a process, easy or easier 5) loop Dwindle
= to become gradually less or 6. 1) equip 2) arm smaller 3) decorate 4) promote Refrain = t o st op oneself doin g 5) load somet hin g especially 7. 1) optional 2) expensive
something that one would like 3) tough 4) deep to do 5) specialized Admoni sh
= to give a mild but firm warning 8. 1) authentic 2) voluminous to somebody; to advise urge somebody seriously 3) many 4) prompt Revoke
= to withdraw or cancel a law, 5) shining licence, etc 9. 1) consulting 2) qualified S q u a s h
= to press or crush something so 3) rich 4) merchant
that it changes shape, becomes 5) tired very soft etc 10. 1) learned 2) powerful Dupe
= to deceive or trick somebody in K 3) ready 4) comprehensive doing something 5) prescribed P lead
= t o make r epeat ed ur gen t
r equest s to somebody for Pave the way
= to create a situation in which something
somebody will be able to do Defy
= to ref use to obey or sh ow
something or something can r espect f or somebody / happen. something Lo op
= a set of instructions that is
repeated again and again until Passage 62
a par ticular con dit ion is satisfied
It is a pity that we do not have good books on
insurance written by Indian authors (1) to the steady Passage 63
growth of literature on the subject in other countries,
On October 2, 1983 the Grameen Bank Project (1) es K pecially the USA, U whose insurance l ND aws and (2) are
the Grameen Bank. We invited the Finance Minister
very much similar to those of our country. And
to be the Chief Guest at our (2) ceremony. But when
students studying in our colleges and the millions of
the Ministry came to (3) that the ceremony would take
insurance employees appearing for various insurance
place in a remote district, they said it would not be an
examinations have to depend (3) on books written by
(4) place to launch a Bank and that the ceremony
foreign authors. As these books mainly deal with the
should be (5) in Dhaka so that all the top Government
problems of insurance industry of foreign countries,
Officials could (6). We stood firm and (7) to them that
the (4) of the insurance scene in India and the various
we did not work in urban areas so it made no (8) to
legal (5) and insurance procedures remains very weak. have the ceremo A ny in a city (9) w N e had no borrowers.
To (6) the insurance employee s and the college
We had the ceremony in a big open field with the
students who have opted for (7) courses in insurance
Finance Minister present as Chief Guest. For all of
with different aspects of theory and practice of
us who had worked so hard to (10) this it was a dream
insurance, we should have good and (8) textbooks. come true.
The book under review written by VMR Nair himself, 1. 1) reorganised 2) merged
an experienced and (9) expert on insurance law based 3) named 4) converted
on leading Indian cases, will be found very useful by 5) became
students of insurance sector as a (10) guide to the 2. 1) opening 2) closing principles of insurance. 3) dedicated 4) inaugurate 1. 1) paving 2) corresponding 5) induction 3) following 4) emphasize 3. 1) reveal 2) know 5) correcting 3) aware 4) inform 2. 1) process 2) product 5) acquaint 3) notes 4) currency 4. 1) excellent 2) available 5) procedures 3) inauspicious 4) appropriate 3. 1) slightly 2) upon 5) obvious 3) still 4) at 5. 1) invited 2) assembled 5) until 3) done 4) shifted 5) held Cloze Test 447 6. 1) present 2) accompany 6. 1) requests 2) bring 3) attend 4) involve 3) emphasises 4) speculates 5) entertain 5) postulates 7. 1) apologised 2) told 7. 1) Sufficient 2) Good 3) explained 4) denied 3) Competent 4) Absence 5) refused 5) Inadequate 8. 1) difference 2) sense 8. 1) grow 2) multiplication 3) difficulty 4) meaning 3) expansion 4) rise 5) point 5) inflation 9. 1) where 2) while 9. 1) reported 2) produced 3) that 4) however 3) develop 4) composed 5) which 5) resulted 10. 1) obey 2) achieve 10. 1) weather 2) if 3) discover 4) built 3) whether 4) unless 5) perform 5) provided Induction
= the action or process of admitting
At the expense = with loss or damage to
somebody or of being admitted to of something something
an office or organization Believe
= to feel sure of the truth of Reveal
= to make facts etc known something Acquaint
= to make somebody/oneself familiar Consider
= to t hink about somebody/
Kwith or aware of something
something especially in order to make a decision Passage 64 Speculate
= to guess; to form opinions
without having definite or
Twenty years (1) now, nearly 60% of the world’s complet e kn ow ledg e or
population will live in urban areas. The impact of evidence
urbanization might not all be positive on India as Vicinity
= the area round a place
urban expansion is happening at a much (2) rate than infrastructure expansion. Passage 65
Sustainability issue s ne e d to be (3 ) so that
Today, it is (1) recognized that the 21st century
economic development is not at the (4) of public
will be driven by knowledge. To (2) the challenges of
health. Some urban services that ought to be in (5) in
this century, India needs to usher in a knowledge
a city like water, electricity, transport etc need special
revolution that (3) to bring about systemic changes in con K sideration. education. TERI has put togU ether a detailed rND eport that (6)
While our economy has made significant strides,
Sustainability in the provision of basic urban services
the education system has not kept (4) with the in Indian cities.
aspirations of the youth. The vast disparity in the
(7) public transport is a major reason for the
country today is a result of skewed (5) to knowledge.
proliferation of private vehicles on the road. Respiratory
To address this, we need a substantial expansion in
illness in children living in urban areas is on the (8)
educational opportunities, with a spe cial (6) on
with more cases of Asthma being (9) because of
inclusion of the underprivileged.
pollution. The future of cities of Indian dreams AN
At the bottom of the pyramid, steps must be taken
depends on (10) we can build better cities today.
to ( 7) acce ss to quality e ducation. W hile the 1. 1) on 2) till
government has taken steps to ensure education to 3) since 4) from
all, where it lacks in its e fforts in the quality 5) after
perspective. Being a spirally upward drive, education 2. 1) quick 2) faster
can not be (8) to improve at the higher level unless it 3) slower 4) changed
improves at the very grassroots level. The top of the 5) speed
pyramid, ie higher education, is also uneven. Students 3. 1) understand 2) speculated
struggle to compete in the exams which (9) a sound 3) believed 4) imagined
knowledge of English. While candidates are expected 5) considered
to travel several kilometres to reach school to obtain 4. 1) expense 2) payment
any education, the higher education organisations 3) rate 4) costs
often (10) candidates from vernacular media through 5) charge
State-sponsored exams and proudly affirm them as 5. 1) location 2) abundance ‘unbiased’. 3) large 4) functional 1. 1) thickly 2) widely 3) ample 5) vicinity 4) partly 5) considered 448
Test of English Language 2. 1) adhere to 2) gather
better. However, when the economy starts to recover 3) cover 4) contact
growth, stocks te nd to recover faster. The re is 5) meet
significant disagreement about how health care and 3. 1) sought 2) wanted utilities tend to (6). 3) seeks 4) attempt
In 2008, an economic recession was suggested by 5) determined
several important indicators of economic downturn. 4. 1) adequate 2) sufficient
These (7) high oil prices, which led to (8) high food 3) influence 4) pace
prices due to a dependence of food production on 5) ahead
petroleum, as well as using food crop products such 5. 1) access 2) approaching
as ethanol and biodiesel as an (9) to petroleum; and 3) rights 4) infiltration
global inflation; a substantial credit crisis leading to 5) excess
the drastic bankruptcy of large and we ll (10 ) 6. 1) aspiration 2) intensity
investment banks as well as commercial banks in 3) important 4) place
various, diverse nations around the world; increased 5) emphasis
unemployme nt; and signs of conte mporaneous 7. 1) enjoy 2) help
economic downturns in major economics of the world, 3) provide 4) diminish a global recession. 5) deepen 1. 1) imagined 2) depict 8. 1) awaited 2) judged 3) shown 4) visualized K 3) thought 4) expected 5) characterized 5) said 2. 1) increase 2) variance 9. 1) demand 2) has 3) more 4) decrease 3) consume 4) expects 5) abundance 5) wants 3. 1) weakens 2) initiates 10. 1) discourages 2) disobey 3) awakens 4) strengthens 3) contest 4) assume 5) volatile 5) reject 4. 1) maintained 2) yield To usher in
= to mark the start of something; 3) heavy 4) result
to cause something to begin 5) payment
To bring about = to make something happen 5. 1) are 2) want Stri de
= one long step; the distance 3) tend 4) yearn
covered by one long step K 5) made Disparity U = a difference S k ewed = not normal o ND r usual; distorted; 6. 1) distribute 2) recover not straight; crooked 3) wait 4) increased S pi r al
= t o in crease r apidly an d 5) fight continuously 7. 1) meant 2) show Vernacular
= a language or form of a language 3) numbered 4) included
spoken in particular country or 5) encompass
region or by a particular group 8. 1) fearful 2) dangerous
as compared with a formal or 3) abnormally 4) healthy written language AN Ample
= enough or more than enough 5) nutritious Adhere to
= to obey something; to remain 9. 1) alternative 2) variant attached to something 3) substitute 4) element Diminish
= to become or make something 5) integral
smaller or less; to decrease 10. 1) wealthy 2) costly 3) stand Passage 66 4) created 5) established To hold up
= to delay or block the movement or
In e conomics, the te rm re ce ssion ge ne rally
progress of somebody/something;
t o use or pr esent somebody /
describes the reduction of a country’s Gross Domestic something as an example
Product (GDP) for at least two quarters. A recession Downturn
= a reduction in economic or business
is (1) by rising unemployment, increase in government activity
borrowing, (2) of share and stock prices, and falling
Contemporaneous = existing or happening at the
investment. All of these characteristics have effects same time
on people. Some recessions have been anticipated by Vari ance
= the extent to which something
stock market declines. The real-estate market also
varies or differs from something else
usually (3) before a recession. However, real-estate
E ncompass = to include something; to surround
or cover something completely
declines can last much longer than recessions. During
an economic decline, high-(4) stocks such as financial
services, pharmaceuticals and tobacco (5) to hold up Cloze Test 449 Passage 67 Hail from
= to originate from a place Fetch
= to go and find and bring back
Without doubt, there is one thing (1) to all of us. somebody/something
We have played a game at some time in our lives. Alleviate
= to make something less severe
Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many Passage 68
playing a game or a sport is a way to (2) poverty behind.
In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport
The barter system for getting goods and services
professionally can (3) the lives of a person’s entire
(1) back many centuries. In most cultures the barter family.
system was used before money was (2). People who
For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia
had specific items or services would (3) these with
(4) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running
others for the things they needed. Good negotiation
at dawn everyday. Each of these youth is (5) and
was the (4) to making good trades. While the barter
serious and their coach is (6) that one of them will be
system (5) based on basic needs, today the barter
a world champion. This seems like an idle (7) but it is
syste m continue s to thrive . The barte r syste m
virtually a guarantee in this small community (8)
transcends the monetary system. The barter system
mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female
is making a (6) today. What makes the barter system
distance runners in the world hail from this small
even better today than ever before is that it can now
town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors
be done globally. In the past, bartering was simply
outside Bekoji (9) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”.
done with those that were located nearby. Today, the
Children here start running at an early age, (10) great
barter system can be used in a much more (7) way distK
ances to fetch water and firewood or to reach
than ever before yet it carries with it the same basic
school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town
motivation - the need for something that you don’t
are likely to win more medals than those from
have and the excess of something that someone else
developed countries. It will give their families a way wants. out of poverty.
The barter system is enjoying (8) interest today. 1. 1) accepted 2) common
Bartering allows you to get the things you need without 3) alike 4) similar
having to (9) additional money. Instead, you can use 5) popular
the things you no longer need or want to get the things 2. 1) alleviate 2) forgot
you do need. There are swap markets and online 3) prevent 4) reduce
auctions that (10) you to sell or trade your items or to 5) leave
purchase items that you want. Negotiation takes place 3. 1) changes 2) arrange
just like it did hundreds of years ago. K 3) control U4) transfND orm 1. 1) discovered 2) dates 5) shift 3) began 4) started 4. 1) further 2) more 5) initiated 3) greater 4) over 2. 1) bought 2) imagined 5) larger 3) began 4) emerged 5. 1) concentrated 2) rival 5) invented 3) focused 4) playful 3. 1) buy 2) sell 5) performed 3) exchange 4) give 6. 1) convince 2) optimist AN 5) return 3) intended 4) privilege 4. 1) important 2) essential 5) confident 3) result 4) key 7. 1) boast 2) suspicion 5) intention 3) risk 4) worship 5. 1) originated 2) stood 5) precaution 3) generated 4) created 8. 1) existing 2) that 5) produced 3) comprising 4) consisting 6. 1) issue 2) comeback 5) for 3) withdrawal 4) recall 9. 1) warn 2) inform 5) fading 3) notices 4) reads 7. 1) primitive 2) appreciated 5) wish 3) promoted 4) sophisticated 10. 1) covering 2) driving 5) better 3) measuring 4) following 8. 1) diminishing 2) revival 5) competing 3) perishing 4) declining D a wn
= the time of day when light first 5) renewed appears 9. 1) expend 2) exchanging B o as t
= a statement showing too much pride 3) expand 4) consume and satisfaction 5) cost Virtually = almost 450
Test of English Language 10. 1) insist 2) force 6. 1) unless 2) because 3) allow 4) lure 3) against 4) whether 5) constraint 5) that B arter
= to exchange goods, property etc for 7. 1) recommend 2) think
oth er goods etc with out using 3) point 4) refer money 5) suggest Thrive
= to live, continue, grow or develop 8. 1) respect 2) debt well and vigorously 3) attention 4) expense Transcend
= to be or go beyond the normal limits of something 5) compensation S w a p
= t o exch an ge somet hin g f or 9. 1) lower 2) attain something else 3) decline 4) shrunk Ex pend
= to use or spend resources in doing 5) recover something 10. 1) difficult 2) interpret Peri sh
= to be destroyed; to die 3) reveal 4) intended Cure
= to attract or tempt a person or an 5) inferred animal To take on
= to assume something; to begin to Constraint
= a thing that limits or restricts something
have a particular characteristic, Passage 69 quality or appearance. Owing to
= because of or on accoun t of
The (1) of India as an economic superpower is not something ref K
lected in the (2) of life enjoyed by its 1.2 billion Enhance
= to increase or improve further for
good quality, value or status of
citizens, according to the Human Development Index, somebody
which (3) India very low among 182 countries. In our Pursuit
= the action of looking for or trying to
performance-oriented world, measurement issues find something
have taken on (4) importance as what we measure
Compliance = the tendency to agree to do what
affects what we do. In fact, the French President has others want
established an international commission on the Intend
= to have a particular purpose or plan
Measurement of Economic Performance and Social in mind
Progress, owing to his (5) and that of others with the Passage 70
current state of statistical information about the economy and society.
Asteroids are rocks and debris which are the K The big questio U n concerns (6) G ND ross Domestic
leftovers of the construction of our solar system. Most
Product (GDP) provides a good measure of living
are in a belt, which (1) between Mars and Jupiter.
standards. In many cases, GDP statistics seem to (7)
However, the gravitational influence of the giant
that the economy is doing far better than most citizens
planets, like Jupiter, or an impact by a comet can
fe el it is. More over, the focus on GDP cre ate s
knock these large rocks out of their orbit, thus hurling
conflicts—while political leaders are told to maximise
them (2) the Earth. Many bodies have struck Earth in
it, citizens also demand that (8), be paid to enhancing
the (3), and a widely accepted theory blames the impact
security, reducing air, water and noise pollution all of
of an asteroid for the extinction of dinosaurs about
which actually (9) GDP growth. Statistics are (10) to 65 million years A ago. The scale of N such a disaster can
summarise what is going on in our complex society, it
be understood by the example of a relatively small-
is therefore obvious that we can’t reduce everything
size asteroid strike in Siberia in early 20th century to a single number —GDP.
which (4) more than half a million acres of forest. 1. 1) pursuit 2) perception
However, what relieves the common man of the (5) 3) conversion
regarding asteroid impact is the fact that many 4) title
scientific groups are dedicated towards tracking the 5) tribute
asteroid paths and orbit all around the year. With 2. 1) quality 2) spirit
advanced equipment and technology, they can predict 3) span 4) joy
any upcoming danger much in (6). According to them 5) loss
the chances of finding such an asteroid crossing Earth 3. 1) scored 2) qualified
in this or the next five generations’ lifetime is only 3) regard 4) ranked
one in thousands. Even if such an asteroid is found 5) counted
out, there will be (7) of time to track it, measure its 4. 1) great 2) unduly
orbit precisely, and plan a system for (8) it from its 3) trivial 4) considerably
orbit away from that of the Earth’s. There will be no 5) negligible
great hurry, and no great panic. It would be a project 5. 1) confidence 2) belief
for all the world’s nations to take part in. It could be 3) dissatisfaction 4) compliance
a globally unifying event. Because it will be (9) long 5) obedience
before it actually hits the Earth, it probably would Cloze Test 451
take only a small measure such as chemical rockets, Passage 71
or perhaps an atomic explosion to divert it from a threatening path.
The World Diabetes Congress has determined that
Thus, in short, it can be said that though the impact
India has the largest number of diabetics in the world.
would pose enormous risk to all living forms on Earth,
Apart from the loss of productivity, the (1) burden is
the odds of it occurring within our lifetimes is very
alarming - $ 2.8 billion annually. Sedentary jobs, (2)
(10) and it is unnecessary to run around believing
of electronic entertainment, changing diet patterns that the sky is falling.
and (3) dependence on automobiles have driven the 1. 1) rotates 2) appears
activity (4) of Indians’ lives, especially in cities. 3) strikes 4) encircles
The (5) is, therefore, to make people physically (6) 5) exists
and requires interventions which impact a large (7) of 2. 1) past 2) around
the population. Admittedly, physical activity is a (8) 3) towards 4) against
of choice and is strongly driven by (9) preferences. 5) inside
But policy making needs to shift to (10) moderate 3. 1) future 2) centuries
levels of physical activity in the daily lives of people. 3) earliest 4) past
One way to accomplish this is to create walkable 5) history
communitie s that give re side nts a varie ty of 4. 1) extinct 2) devastated
destinations within walking distance. 3) wasted 4) shrivelled 1. 1) health 2) economic 5) fell 3) finance 4) subsidy 5. K 1) apprehension 2) expectation 5) physical 3) distrust 4) sufferings 2. 1) widespread 2) broadcast 5) hesitation 3) spread 4) prevalent 6. 1) sooner 2) accuracy 5) expand 3) advance 4) time 3. 1) increasing 2) totally 5) distance 3) entirely 4) grown 7. 1) dearth 2) loss 5) mutual 3) most 4) lack 4. 1) outside 2) most 5) plenty 3) out 4) from 8. 1) blocking 2) deflecting 5) through 3) avoiding 4) destroying 5. 1) dispute 2) ultimatum 3) hazard 4) sensitivity K 5) changing 9. 1) experienced U2) harmfND ul 5) challenge 3) perceived 4) noticed 6. 1) qualified 2) equip 5) devastating. 3) built 4) active 10. 1) low 2) large 5) trained 3) narrow 4) high 7. 1) piece 2) section 5) few 3) scale 4) degree Leftovers
= food remaining at the end of a meal; 5) per cent
something that belongs to a past 8. 1) lack 2) want
period and surprisingly still exists 3) matter A4) sN carcity
although most other things of that 5) right period no longer do. 9. 1) individually 2) showing Hurl
= to throw somebody/someth ing 3) given 4) special
violently in a particular direction 5) personal Extinct
= no longer in existence
Apprehension = anxiety about something in the 10. 1) attract 2) pursuit
future; fear that something will be 3) indulge 4) introduce
un pleasant or t hat something 5) insist unpleasant will happen. Sedentary
= done sitting down; spending a Plenty
= a number or an amount that is
lot of time sitting down
sufficient for somebody or more than
Drive somebody/ = to force somebody/something they need. something out to leave or disappear Deflect
= to change or make somet hing Intervene = to come or be between
change direction especially after Accomplish
= to succeed in doing something; hitting something t o complete somet hin g
Devastated = to r uin something ; to destr oy
successf ully ; t o ach iev e something completely. something Shrivel
= to shrink or wrinkle from heat or cold Prevalent = exist in g or h appenin g or because of being dry generally; widespread Dearth
= a lack or shortage of things or people 452
Test of English Language Passage 72 Ambiguous
= not clearly stated or defined Revert
= to retur n to a former state or
Economic growth figures for the first quarter of this condition
financial year seem to support the claim that the worst Atrocious
= very wicked; cruel or shocking
may be over for the Indian economy. The gradual revival Contradict
= to say that something a person has
said or written is wrong, and that
is also an indication that the government’s economic the opposition is true
stimulus package is (1). What could, however, upset Futile
= producing no result; having no
the positive outlook is the drought which (2) large purpose
parts of the country and its impact on overall growth.
Even though the monsoon had picked up (3), the rains Passage 73
received were grossly (4). There are clear (5) that farm
There is a considerable amount of research about
output, particularly cereals, will fall drastically.
the factors that make a company innovate. So is it
Insufficient rain is bound to shoot up the (6) of
possible to create an environment (1) to innovation?
agricultural commodities and that would impact the
This is a particularly pertinent (2) for India today.
economy as a whole. The drought would also (7) a
Massive problems in health, education, etc (3) be
drastic re duction in rural e mployme nt and
solved using a conventional approach but (4) creative
consumption besides inflation in the prices of food
and innovative solutions that can ensure radical articles.
change and (5). There are several factors in India’s
Food prices have been (8) since the past few
(6). Few countries have the rich diversity that India
months, and lower agricultural production is likely to
or its large, young population (7). While these (8) (9) K
the situation. The government has said that food
innovation policy interventions, certain additional
grain from the buffer stocks will be used to keep prices
steps are also required. These include (9) investment
(10). Subsidised food grain is necessary in these
in research and development by (10) the government
times, but its effectiveness will depend a lot on the
and the private sector, easy transfer of technology distribution system.
from the academic world etc. To fulfil its promise of 1. 1) impractical 2) ambiguous
being prosperous and to be at the forefront, India must 3) failing 4) working be innovative. 5) weakening 1. 1) stimuli 2) conducive 2. 1) strike 2) affected 3) incentive 4) facilitated 3) exposed 4) reverted 5) impetus 5) altered 2. 1) objective 2) controversy 3. K 1) unseasona U bly 2) unfav ND ourably 3) doubt 4) question 3) presently 4) meagrely 5) inference 5) later 3. 1) cannot 2) possibly 4. 1) inadequate 2) enough 3) should 4) never 3) missing 4) ample 5) must 5) atrocious 4. 1) necessary 2) apply 5. 1) contradictions 2) advices 3) need 4) consider 3) reasons 4) results 5) requires 5) indications 5. 1) quantity A 2) N advantages 6. 1) production 2) requirement 3) increase 4) chaos 3) prices 4) yield 5) growth 5) labour 6. 1) challenges 2) praises 7. 1) trigger 2) lead 3) favour 4) leverage 3) result 4) contribute 5) esteem 5) dampen 7. 1) blessed 2) enjoys 8. 1) improving 2) balanced 3) endows 4) prevails 5) occurs 3) stable 4) increasing 8. 1) aid 2) jeopardise 5) decreasing 3) promotes 4) endure 9. 1) aggravate 2) amend 5) cater 3) smoothen 4) improve 9. 1) acute 2) utilising 5) challenge 3) restricting 4) inspiring 10. 1) unprofitable 2) futile 5) increased 3) maximum 4) growing 10. 1) both 2) besides 5) down 3) combining 4) participating Stimulus
= a thing that encourages or excites
somebody/something to activity, 5) also greater effort etc Conducive
= helping something to happen or A ggravate
= to make a disease, a situation, an making it likely
offence etc worse or more serious Pertinent = relevant to something Cloze Test 453 R adi cal = fundamental 4. 1) unexplained 2) doubt Foref ront
= the most forward or important 3) some 4) true position or place 5) sad Stimuli
= plural of ‘stimulus’. 5. 1) himself 2) sometimes Facilitate
= to make something especially an 3) proper 4) improve
action or a process easy or easier Impetus
= a force that encourages a process to 5) themselves develop more quickly 6. 1) established 2) created Leverage = power or influence 3) set 4) wound Esteem
= high regard; a favourable opinion 5) thought E ndow
= to provide somebody/something 7. 1) tried 2) mattered
with a good quality, ability, feature 3) meaning 4) supposed etc. 5) expect
Jeopardi se = to cause something to be harmed, 8. 1) renounced 2) showed
lost or destroyed; to put something
in danger of this happening 3) passed 4) negated Endure
= to tolerate a person, an event etc 5) directed 9. 1) shift 2) make Passage 74 3) turn 4) mull 5) switch
Seed quality is an (1) aspect of crop production. 10. 1) sell 2) equipments
For ages, farmers have traditionally been selecting 3) people 4) techniques andK
(2) good quality seed, since it was in their interest 5) creatures
to do so. They knew and understood the importance Advent
= the approach or arrival of an of quality seed in production.
important person, event etc
However, with the adve nt of gre en revolution
Set something up = to place or build something; to
technology, based (3) on the high-yielding dwarf
establish or create something
varieties of wheat and rice, mainstream thinking S taple = main or principal
changed. Agricultural scientists, for reasons that S o a r
= to rise quickly to a high level or
remain (4), began to doubt the ability of farmers to standard
maintain seed quality (5). Aided by the World Bank, Empathy
= the ability to imagine and share
another person’s experience,
the Ministry of Agriculture launched a National Seeds feelings etc
Project in 1967. Under the project, spread into three Renounce
= to give up a habit; abandon
phases, seed processing plants were (6) up in nine something statK es. Six states w U ere covered unde ND r phase three. Mull over
= to think about or consider
All that the huge processing plants were (7) to do was
something long and carefully
to provide ‘certified’ seeds of food crops, mainly self-
pollinating crops, to farmers. In mid-1980s, the Passage 75
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the
The world’s climate has always changed and species
Philippines concluded a study which (8) that there
have evolved accordingly to survive it. The surprising
was hardly any difference in the crop yields from
fact about the (1) between evolution and global
transplante d rice and from the crop sown by
warming (2) that it is not linear. (3) temperatures alone
broadcasted seeds. One would wonder why, in the first are not (4) of evo A lution. Evolutio N n is also the (5) of
instance, were the farmers asked to (9) ove r to
seasonal changes. As the environment (6) those
transplanting paddy ? The answe r is simple —
species which don’t adapt (7) to exist. But the sheer
probably, to help the mechanical industries grow.
(8) of manmade climate change today is (9). ‘Bad things
Since rice is the! staple food in Asia, tractor sales could
are happening’ and by one (10) global warming could
only grow if there was a way to move the machine in
threaten upto one-third of the world’s species if left
the rice fields. No wonder, the sales of tractors,
unchecked. In fact, a lot of the species which will be
puddlers, reapers and other associated (10) soared in
able to survive are the ones we consider pests like rice-growing areas. insects and weeds. 1. 1) irrational 2) main 1. 1) difference 2) similarity 3) brilliant 4) important 3) argument 4) relationship 5) empathetic 5) alliance 2. 1) maintaining 2) trusting 2. 1) being 2) seems 3) selling 4) processing 3) mainly 4) besides 5) creating 5) is 3. 1) necessarily 2) exceptionally 3. 1) However 2) Mounted 3) primarily 4) regularly 3) Rising 4) Elevating 5) truly 5) Inclining 454
Test of English Language 4. 1) means 2) triggers
a conscious effort to (10) the right policies in place 3) responses 4) threats soon. 5) stimulus 1. 1) past 2) against 5. 1) result 2) precursor 3) through 4) across 3) resistance 4) cause 5) on 5) provocation 2. 1) earning 2) share 6. 1) conserves 2) stifles 3) venture 4) delivery 3) predicts 4) changes 5) distribution 5) emerges 3. 1) commonly 2) ideally 7. 1) continue 2) halt 3) indefinitely 4) preferably 3) cease 4) terminate 5) invariably 5) discontinue 4. 1) whereas 2) unlike 8. 1) luck 2) value 3) besides 4) although 3) collapse 4) pace 5) despite 5) attention 5. 1) encouraging 2) second 9. 1) threatened 2) pursued 3) lesser 4) beating 3) unprecedented 4) record 5) greater 5) debated 6. 1) affords 2) cures 10. 1) forecast 2) chance 3) visits 4) reaches K 3) pattern 4) occasion 5) provides 5) imagination 7. 1) look 2) plan A d apt
= to make something suitable for 3) weigh 4) admire
a new use, situation etc 5) consider Cease
= to come to or bring something 8. 1) persuade 2) ascertain to an end; to stop 3) influence 4) impede Sheer
= complete; nothing more than 5) estimate
Unprecedented = never having happened; been
done or been known before 9. 1) thought 2) credited Weed
= a wild plant growing where it is 3) identified 4) believed
not wanted especially among 5) supposed crops or garden plants 10. 1) derive 2) frame Precu rsor
= a person or thing that comes 3) figure 4) consider KU before someND body/something 5) put
more important, larger or more Poise
= to be or keep something balanced highly developed. or suspended Stifle
= t o suppr ess or con tr ol Toil
= work that is hard and makes one
something; to feel or make very tired
somebody f eel unable t o Invariably = always
breathe properly because of Impede
= to delay or stop the progress or lack of fresh air.
movement of something/somebody Passage 76 A Passage 7 N 7
The world is going (1) a deep recession. At such a
The large number of natural disasters within a few
time, one thing we need in abundance is jobs for the
days in late September has led to two assumptions.
semi-skilled and unskilled. This is the only way in
First, we are experiencing more natural calamities
which e qual (2 ) of we alth can take place . The
today (1) ever before, and second, the distribution of
healthcare industry is (3) poised to occupy this
disasters (2) unequal. A UN report studied natural
position. The IT industry hires people from the upper-
disasters (3) 1975 and 2007 found that not only is the
middle strata and rich families, usually engineers,
(4) of catastrophes increasing because of climate
(4) the health care industry hires nurses, to the tune
change and environmental (5) but also that the brunt
of eighty per cent of the jobs created, from the lower
of tragedies is borne (6) poor countries least equipped economic strata.
to deal with such (7). It is true that some countries
Global health care is a $ 4.5-trillion industry, (5)
are disaster-prone but some (8) Japan for example
only to the agro industry. Even then health care (6)
have manage d to ove rcome the ir ge ographical
only eight per cent of world’s population. Policymakers
disadvantage s. (9) to UN e stimate s, equivalent
should (7) at health care industry as not only an
populations in the Philippines and Japan (10) the
industry which addresses pain but also as one which
same number of cyclones each year but 17 times more
can (8) the economy. The last century was driven by
people perish in the Philippines than in Japan. In
machines that addressed human toil and it is strongly
same ways natural disaste rs give de ve lope d
(9) that this century will be driven by health care.
economies an excuse for technological improvement
This, however, will only happen if policymakers make Cloze Test 455
while in poorer ones it feeds a vicious cycle —since
illegal fishing and the clearing of land are direct results
they are constantly struggling to recover from natural
of urbanization and deforestation. People have (4) and
calamities they cannot afford the disaster prevention
damaged almost half of earth’s land, at a very measures needed. unsustainable rate. 1. 1) as 2) than
Global warming is having a serious impact as well. 3) not 4) of
A six-degree Celsius increase in global temperature 5) since
killed 95% of all species on Earth 251 million years 2. 1) being 2) are
ago. An increase of six-degree Celsius is forecast this 3) often 4) is
century if a change is not made to (5) the damage 5) seem
done to earth. Humans will be one of the 95% of 3. 1) after 2) prior
species lost. Noticeable, changes of global warming 3) between 4) separating
include migration (6) and the change in se ason 5) affecting
timings. Migrating birds are migrating earlier which 4. 1) response 2) dances
in turn is causing them to hatch eggs and (7) young 3) occurring 4) damage
earlier than they did at the beginning of this century. 5) frequency
While this is just the tip of the iceberg many other (8) 5. 1) degradation 2) protection
regarding the extinction of plant and animal species 3) detriment 4) audit
need addressing. It is more important now than ever 5) summit
before to pull our heads out of the sand and make 6. 1) of 2) by
changes for the (9) of the earth. Future generations K 3) with 4) for
are (10), as they are a species as well. 5) on 1. 1) killing 2) alive 7. 1) calm 2) misbelieve 3) born 4) left 3) misfortunes 4) faith 5) lost 5) mistake 2. 1) speak 2) told 8. 1) inspite 2) even 3) estimation 4) believe 3) since 4) how 5) consider 5) like 3. 1) shape 2) development 9. 1) Thanks 2) Comparing 3) deterioration 4) warmth 3) Similar 4) According 5) expansion 5) Linked 4. 1) altered 2) created 10. K 1) endure U2) incite 3) produced 4) made 3) enjoys 4) trigger 5) brought 5) encountersor 5. 1) void 2) dissipate Calami ty = an event that c ND auses great harm 3) augment 4) reverse or damage; a disaster 5) increase Catastrophe
= a sudden great disaster 6. 1) delay 2) birds
Bear the brunt = t o r eceiv e t h e main f orce, 3) slowdown 4) hasten of something
sock or impact of something 5) acceleration Endure = to tolerate an event Peri sh
= to be destroyed; to die 7. 1) spare A2) bN ear Detriment
= causing harm to somebody/ 3) destroy 4) amend something 5) generation Incite
= to urge or persuade somebody 8. 1) animals 2) difficulty
to do something by making 3) issues 4) humans
them very angry or excited; to 5) problem
create or cause something 9. 1) extinction 2) better
especially conflict or violence 3) wealth 4) stigma Passage 78 5) demand 10. 1) endangered 2) threaten
Hundreds of plants and animals are (1) every day 3) evaluated 4) living
due to deforestation and urbanization. What might 5) compared
happen if this continues in the future? The last mass Extinct
= no longer in existence
extinction of plant and animal species occurred 65 Deterioration
= the action of becoming worse
million years ago with the dinosaurs. In all, five mass in quality or condition
extinctions have occurred and scientists (2) earth is Contaminate
= to make something/somebody
in the sixth mass extinction. The world as it is now is impure by adding substances
that are dangerous or carry
threatened, including people, who are responsible for disease
e arth’s ( 3). Pe sticide s contaminating wate r; Hatch
= to come out of an egg.
overharvesting of animals and plants; air pollution; B ea r
= to give birth to somebody 456
Test of English Language Endanger
= to cause danger to somebody/ Catastrophe
= a sudden great disaster
something; to put somebody/ Void
= empty; without something; something in danger. lacking something
Hide one’s head = to pretend that an obvious
A figment of some- = a thing that is not real in the sand
problem or danger does not
body’s imagination but only imagined exist Passage 80 Passage 79
The world is witnessing food price turbulence again.
India has become, in purchasing power parity
A bad drought in Russia, rising demand in the US and
terms, the fourth largest economy in the world. India’s
developing countries, and Pakistan’s blighted crop
economic (1) since 1980 has been among the (2) rapid.
prospe cts after its floods are ke eping price s of
Although India managed its one incipient crisis in
commodities such as cereals, sugar, oil and meat high.
the early 1990s, it avoided the catastrophic losses
The Food and Agriculture Organization’s monthly food
(3). While many (4) that exposing India’s economy to
price (1) is heading north.
global competition would reveal India’s economic (5)
India is not (2) from this problem even at the best
it has rather revealed strengths and often unexpected
of times. For the week that ended on 11 September,
strengths in new areas no planner would have (6) of.
food prices (as (3) by the Wholesale Price Index) rose
India is increasingly taking its (7) on the global stage by 15.86%.
and in inte rnational forums as a 21st-ce ntury
Given the robust demand for foodstuffs, a time of
superpower. The generations of politicians and policy
price volatility calls for a careful look at the “design” m K
akers who have been (8) of leading India to where it
issues surrounding food supply management. At times,
is today can be justifiably (9) of the transformation.
even huge food stocks are not able to (4) rising food
But achievements create new (10) , two of which are
prices. The fault lies in how food is released to traders
improving service delivery, particularly to the poor,
by government agencies such as the Food Corporation
through greater accountability and expanding the
of India (FCI). This problem is apart from FCI’s high
benefits of rapid growth—across sectors, regions, and
carrying cost of foodgrains. But this is not the problem people. at (5). 1. 1) decline 2) policy
For example, under the open market sales scheme 3) crisis 4) treaty
(OMSS) a fixed quantity of grain, usually in multiples 5) growth
of 10 metric tonnes, is sold to traders, flour mills 2. 1) several 2) very
and other buyers when supplies are (6) or there is K 3) most
U4) much price volatility. But a combination of price rigidity, 5) so
terms of sale and the quantity sold under OMSS 3. 1) end 2) deteriND oration
defeats its purpose. One reason for this is the large 3) thus 4) together
volume in the hands of very few individual buyers. 5) elsewhere
This (7) to perverse economic incentives. 4. 1) asked 2) feared
Often, the grain sold under this scheme winds up 3) think 4) spoke
back with food (8 ) age ncie s be cause of price 5) believe
differentials (the price at which it is sold and the 5. 1) growth 2) space prevailing marke A t price). This has N been observed many 3) gain 4) weakness
times in states as diverse as Punjab and Uttar 5) void
Pradesh. If the number of buyers is (9) and the 6. 1) questioned 2) dreamed
quantity sold to each buyer reduced, or the price fixed 3) arranged 4) plan
but the amount of grain that can be bought kept 5) wanted
flexible, these problems can be (10). 7. 1) matter 2) place
This makes for a sensible menu of options. But it 3) life 4) generation
needs careful implementation. And if, for some reason, 5) mark
changes are required to suit (11) conditions in different 8. 1) part 2) issues
states, the economic logic behind these ideas should 3) humans 4) figment not be lost (12) of. 5) thought 1. 1) index 2) state 9. 1) worried 2) angry 3) scheme 4) rate 3) honoured 4) distinguished 5) value 5) proud 2. 1) affected 2) above 10. 1) impossibilities 2) evaluations 3) immune 4) away 3) challenges 4) comparison 5) separate 5) dangers 3. 1) developed 2) increased Incipient
= in its early stages; beginning 3) reported 4) measured to happen 5) handled Cloze Test 457 4. 1) arrest 2) identify Turbulence
= disturbance, conf usion or 3) find 4) slow conflict 5) stop Blight
= to affect th e plant with a 5. 1) this 2) juncture disease; to spoil or ruin something 3) all 4) best Immune
= not affected or influenced by 5) hand something 6. 1) nil 2) short Robust
= strong and able to survive 3) plenty 4) enough rough treatment 5) least Call for
= to require, demand or need 7. 1) rises 2) leads something 3) gives 4) is Volatile
= likely to change suddenly or 5) jumps sharply; not stable At hand = near in place or time 8. 1) hoarding 2) storing Perverse
= show ing a deliber at e an d 3) supply 4) producing
stubborn desire to behave in a 5) procurement w ay t h at is w r on g , 9. 1) controlled 2) promoted
unreasonable or unacceptable 3) constant 4) increased Wind up
= to end up; to arrive finally in a 5) decreased place 10. 1) neglected 2) solve Overcome
= to succeed in dealing with or 3) overcome 4) indicated controlling something K To lose sight = t o f ail t o con sider 5) highlighted of somebody/ something; to forget 11. 1) good 2) local something something 3) all 4) similar
At this Juncture = at a par t icular especially 5) bad
important, stage in a series of 12. 1) weight 2) look events 3) value 4) sight Procurement
= t he process of obtain in g 5) significant something Answers KU Passage 1 1. 5 2. 4 3. 2 4. 2 ND 5. 3 6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2 Passage 2 1. 3 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 2 6. 4 7. 1 8. 2 9. 5 10. 3 Passage 3 1. 2 2. 1 3. 5 4. 3 5. 4 A Passage 8 1. 5 2. 4 3. 1 N 4. 3 5. 3 6. 5 7. 2 8. 1 9. 2 10. 2 Passage 9 1. 2 2. 1 3. 3 4. 3 5. 3 6. 2 7. 2 8. 4 9. 3 10. 5 11. 4 12. 5 13. 5 14. 1 15. 3 Passage 10 6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 3 1. 5 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 4 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1 Passage 4 11. 4 1. 2 2. 5 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 Passage 11 6. 5 7. 2 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 2 5. 5 Passage 5 6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5 1. 1 2. 3 3. 2 4. 2 5. 4 Passage 12 6. 5 7. 3 8. 5 9. 4 10. 2 1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 5 5. 3 Passage 6 6. 5 7. 4 8. 2 9. 1 10. 3 1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 4 Passage 13 6. 4 7. 5 8. 2 9. 1 10. 2 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 5 5. 2 Passage 7 6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2 1. 3 2. 4 3. 5 4. 1 5. 2 Passage 14 6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5 1. 5 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 3 6. 5 7. 3 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1 458
Test of English Language Passage 15 Passage 30 1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 2 5. 3 1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 4 6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 2 10. 2 6. 3 7. 1 8. 4 9. 2 10. 2 11. 3 12. 1 13. 5 Passage 31 Passage 16 1. 1 2. 3 3. 3 4. 2 5. 2 1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 3 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 5 6. 2 7. 1 8. 4 9. 5 10. 1 Passage 32 11. 4 12. 3 13. 2 14. 5 15. 1 1. 4 2. 2 3. 1 4. 2 5. 3 Passage 17 6. 5 7. 4 8. 3 9. 5 10. 1 1. 5 2. 2 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 Passage 33 6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 2 10. 4 1. 4 2. 1 3. 5 4. 3 5. 5 Passage 18 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 5 1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 34 6. 5 7. 3 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2 1. 3 2. 5 3. 2 4. 1 5. 5 Passage 19 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1 1. 5 2. 3 3. 2 4. 4 5. 1 Passage 35 6. 3 7. 4 8. 2 9. 1 10. 5 K 1. 5 2. 3 3. 1 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 20 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 1. 5 2. 1 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 36 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 1 1. 2 2. 5 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 Passage 21 6. 4 7. 2 8. 5 9. 4 10. 1 1. 1 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 11. 3 12. 3 13. 2 14. 1 15. 3 6. 3 7. 4 8. 4 9. 2 10. 5 Passage 37 Passage 22 1. 3 2. 5 3. 1 4. 4 5. 5 1. 3 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 5 6. 2 7. 1 8. 3 9. 1 10. 4 6. 1 7. 4 8. 3 9. 2 10. 5 11. 3 12. 2 13. 5 14. 1 15. 4 Passage 23 Passage 38 K 1. 1 2. 3 U 3. 5 4. ND 4 5. 2 1. 1 2. 2 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 6. 5 7. 3 8. 1 9. 3 10. 1 Passage 24 Passage 39 1. 4 2. 2 3. 5 4. 3 5. 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 3 5. 2 6. 1 7. 3 8. 5 9. 1 10. 2 6. 4 7. 5 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2 11. 3 12. 4 13. 5 11. 1 12. 4 13. 5 14. 3 15. 1 Passage 25 A Passage 40 N 1. 5 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 6. 3 7. 1 8. 3 9. 5 10. 2 6. 1 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3 Passage 26 Passage 41 1. 3 2. 1 3. 2 4. 4 5. 1 1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 2 5. 2 6. 1 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 2 6. 5 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 4 Passage 27 Passage 42 1. 3 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 4 1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 3 5. 2 6. 2 7. 4 8. 4 9. 1 10. 3 6. 4 7. 2 8. 3 9. 1 10. 5 Passage 28 11. 4 12. 2 13. 5 14. 1 15. 4 1. 2 2. 1 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 Passage 43 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 2 10. 1 1. 5 2. 2 3. 4 4. 3 5. 1 Passage 29 6. 2 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 4 1. 2 2. 3 3. 5 4. 4 5. 2 Passage 44 6. 1 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 3 1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 5 6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 5 10. 2 Cloze Test 459 Passage 45 Passage 61 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 3 2. 2 3. 5 4. 4 5. 1 6. 4 7. 5 8. 1 9. 3 10. 2 6. 4 7. 5 8. 3 9. 2 10. 1 Passage 46 Passage 62 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 3 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 2 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 2 10. 5 6. 1 7. 5 8. 1 9. 2 10. 4 Passage 47 Passage 63 1. 1 2. 4 3. 2 4. 5 5. 3 1. 5 2. 1 3. 2 4. 4 5. 5 6. 1 7. 4 8. 5 9. 2 10. 3 6. 3 7. 3 8. 2 9. 1 10. 2 Passage 48 Passage 64 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 1 5. 2 6. 5 7. 1 8. 2 9. 4 10. 2 6. 3 7. 5 8. 4 9. 1 10. 3 Passage 49 Passage 65 1. 3 2. 1 3. 5 4. 5 5. 4 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1 6. 1 7. 2 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3 6. 5 7. 3 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5 Passage 50 Passage 66 1. 1 2. 2 3. 2 4. 4 5. 3 1. 5 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2 5. 3 K 6. 1 7. 3 8. 1 9. 4 10. 2 6. 2 7. 4 8. 3 9. 1 10. 5 Passage 51 Passage 67 1. 5 2. 4 3. 2 4. 4 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 4 4. 2 5. 3 6. 3 7. 1 8. 3 9. 5 10. 4 6. 5 7. 1 8. 3 9. 4 10. 1 Passage 52 Passage 68 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5 1. 2 2. 5 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1 6. 4 7. 2 8. 1 9. 3 10. 5 6. 2 7. 4 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3 Passage 53 Passage 69 1. 5 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1 5. 3 6. 2 7. 4 8. 5 9. 1 10. 3 6. 4 7. 5 8. 3 9. 1 10. 4 KU Passage 54 Passage 70 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 ND 5. 3 1. 5 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1 6. 5 7. 2 8. 4 9. 3 10. 1 6. 3 7. 5 8. 2 9. 4 10. 1 Passage 55 Passage 71 1. 4 2. 2 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5 6. 3 7. 4 8. 1 9. 2 10. 5 6. 4 7. 2 8. 3 9. 5 10. 4 Passage 56 A Passage 72 N 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 4 2. 2 3. 5 4. 1 5. 5 6. 1 7. 3 8. 2 9. 5 10. 3 6. 3 7. 1 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5 Passage 57 Passage 73 1. 4 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 3 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 3 5. 5 6. 4 7. 1 8. 5 9. 4 10. 2 6. 3 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 1 Passage 58 Passage 74 1. 5 2. 2 3. 1 4. 4 5. 3 1. 4 2. 1 3. 3 4. 1 5. 5 6. 2 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3 6. 3 7. 4 8. 2 9. 5 10. 2 Passage 59 Passage 75 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 2 1. 4 2. 5 3. 3 4. 2 5. 1 6. 5 7. 3 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5 6. 4 7. 3 8. 4 9. 3 10. 1 Passage 60 Passage 76 1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 1. 3 2. 5 3. 2 4. 1 5. 2 6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 1 51. 4 6. 4 7. 1 8. 3 9. 4 10. 5 460
Test of English Language Passage 77 Passage 79 1. 2 2. 4 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 1. 5 2. 3 3. 5 4. 2 5. 4 6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 4 10. 1 6. 2 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 3 Passage 78 Passage 80 1. 5 2. 4 3. 3 4. 1 5. 4 1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 5 6. 5 7. 2 8. 3 9. 2 10. 1 6. 2 7. 2 8. 3 9. 3 10. 3 11. 2 12. 4 K KUNDAN