Understanding-Ideas-for-IELTS-Writing

2 | ZIM 3 | ZIM Mục lục Lời mở đầu 07
UNIT 1: Government roles 08
UNIT 3: Changes in family 65 Meet the physiological needs 08
Changes in structure of families 65 Meet the safety needs 12
Effects of some popular situations 70 Meet the knowledge and 15
Should household duties be divided 75 understanding needs equally all the time ? Meet the aesthetics needs 17 Practice 76
To what extent should government 19 Key 82 interview
Government's responsibility towards 20 global community UNIT 4: Work 87 Practice 21 Key Work satisfaction-job security 28 87 Work-life balance 90
The old and young at the workplace 93 Competitiveness: Men-Women 96 UNIT 2: Environment 32
Leadership: Who should assume this 98
The decline of animals and plants 32 position
The consumption of natural resources at 34 Practice 101 an alarming rate Key 109
Non-renewable and renewable energy 35 sources
Causes and effects of throw-away society 38
Who is in charge of solving the 45 environmental problems ? Practice 50 Key 59 4 | ZIM UNIT 5: Education 114 UNIT 8: Crime 205
Who should deverse government grants/ 114 Causes leading to crimes 205 school scholarships ?
Effectiveness of common practices of 209
Universal access to education or just 116 dealing with crimes young generation ? An emerging crime: cybercrime 217
Importance of learning core subjects and 120 Practice 222 acquiring soft skills Key 230
Well-rounded education or specializing in 126 certain subjects ?
Learning: National or international 131
UNIT 9: Travel & Tourism 235
Factors contributing to effective learning 135
Whether online learning can replace 139
Benefits of taking a gap year and travel 235 schools Drawbacks of taking a gap year 240 Practice 143
Drawbacks of travel and tourism 242 Key 152 Practice 245 Key 250 UNIT 6: Media and Communication 157 UNIT 10: Health 253 Three common types of media 157
The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle 253
Communication: Spoken and written form 168
The excessive consumption of sugary food 259 Practice 169 or fast food Key 175
Computer games: why are they so popular? 264
Pollution leading to health deterioration 267
The prevalence of cosmetics surgeries 272 UNIT 7: Technology 180
The benefits of playing sports and doing 275
The development of AI and robots exercise 180
The necessity and difficulty space tech Practice 183 279
Future of vehicles: Driveless cars Key 188 290
Who should control the scientific research? 190 Practice 195 Key 201 5 | ZIM UNIT 11: Business 297 UNIT 15: Urbanization 385
Advertising: benefits and drawbacks 297
Comparison: city life and rural life 385 Commerce: online shopping and 303
The choices of means of transport in cities 395 traditional shopping
Solutions for traffic problems in cities 402 Goods and services import 309 Practice 407 Practice 313 Key 414 Key 319 UNIT 12: Historic - Cultural values 323 Tác giả 420
The decline of traditions and customs 323
The decline of minority languages and the 328
prevalence of English - A global language
Traditional museum and digital museum 333
Globalization: advantages & disadvantages 336 Practice 341 Key 347 UNIT 13: Animals 351
Animal testing: Benefits and drawbacks 351 Animal zoos 354 Practice 357 Key 360
UNIT 14: Housing-Building 364 Function or appearance 364
Horizontal vs Vertical cities: What is better? 368 Uniformity or uniqueness 373 Practice 376 Key 381 6 | ZIM LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
Understanding ideas for IELTS Writing được biên soạn nhằm giúp người học IELTS khắc phục vấn đề thiếu
ý tưởng cho các bài luận Task 2. Bằng cách thể hiện nội dung dưới hình thức sơ đồ tư duy (mind maps) và
các đoạn văn bản ngắn, người đọc có thể tham khảo ý tưởng hoặc dễ dàng nắm bắt cách xây dựng, mở
rộng, và bổ sung ý tưởng cho các đề bài viết.
Ấn phẩm bao gồm 15 chương tương ứng với 15 chủ đề phổ biến trong Writing Task 2, đó là:
1. Vai trò của chính phủ - Government roles
2. Môi trường - Environment
3. Sự thay đổi cấu trúc và vai trò trong gia đình - Changes in Family 4. Công việc - Work 5. Giáo dục - Education
6. Truyền thông và giao tiếp - Media and Communication 7. Công nghệ - Technology 8. Tội phạm - Crime
9. Du lịch - Travel and tourism 10. Sức khoẻ - Health 11. Kinh doanh - Business
12. Văn hoá và Lịch sử - Historic and cutural values 13. Động vật - Animals
14. Kiến trúc - Housing-Building
15. Đô thị hoá - Urbanization
Trong đó, mỗi chương sẽ bao gồm 3 phần chính: Phần 1
Bài đọc và Sơ đồ tư duy. Bài đọc được chia thành nhiều đoạn đọc nhỏ hơn, thể hiện một khía cạnh cụ thể trong chủ đề
lớn. Bên cạnh đó, sơ đồ tư duy giúp người học nắm được các nội dung chính dựa vào các từ khoá của mỗi đoạn đọc. Cuối
cùng, mỗi khía cạnh nhỏ sẽ có phần Tổng hợp bao gồm các ý chủ đạo của đoạn đọc đó. Phần 2
Practice (Luyện tập). Phần này cung cấp các bài tập ôn lại nội dung chính bằng cách điền từ vào các sơ đồ tư duy và dựa
vào sơ đồ tư duy để lập dàn ý và viết bài luận. Phần 3
Suggested Answer (Đáp án gợi ý). Phần này giúp người học có thể tự sửa bài tập của mình thông qua phần đáp án gợi ý từ đội ngũ tác giả. 7 | ZIM
Unit 1: GOVERNMENT ROLES
The government exists to represent and serve its citizens, so the government is expected to ensure access to
essential services in terms of physiology and safety. This is because citizens are the ones who pay taxes to be able to
receive these services from the government. In return, the government uses tax money to fund programs and provide
assistance to people in need. Meeting these needs will bring social stability, well-being and prosperity to all citizens
as well as promote the overall development of a country. Once basic needs are met, the government can focus on
higher needs like education and art, which can benefit both the government and its people. In this chapter, learners
will learn more about the government's responsibility toward their citizens and the global community. Meet the physiological needs To what extent should government intervene? Meet the safety needs GOVERNMENT ROLES
Meet the knowledge and understanding needs Government's responsibility towards global community Meet the aesthetics needs
Meet the physiological needs destroy crops natural disasters disrupt food supply chains Food shortages barren geographical reasons fertile soil
agricultural infrastructure and technologies - crop yield FOOD Solutions food banks - redistributed
More people than ever before are facing hunger and malnutrition on a global scale. It is estimated that around 345.2
million people will not have access to enough food, which is twice the number from 2020. This represents a huge
increase of 200 million people since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Why is the world hungrier and malnourished than ever? 8 | ZIM FOOD SHORTAGES KEY WORDS
Food shortages are a serious problem that affects millions
• food shortage: sự khan hiếm thực phẩm
of people around the world. One of the main causes of food
• natural disaster: thảm họa thiên nhiên
shortages is natural disasters such as droughts, floods,
• destroy crops: phá hoại mùa màng
storms, which destroy crops and disrupt food supply chains.
• disrupt food supply chains: ngắt quãng
In addition, geographical reasons such as dry or less fertile
chuỗi cung ứng thực phẩm
soil can make it difficult to grow crops and produce enough
• geographical reasons: lý do địa lý
food for local people. These challenges often lead to food
insecurity, in which individuals and communities do not have
access to the food they need for a healthy life. SOLUTIONS
However, there are a number of solutions that can help address
• agricultural infrastructure and
these challenges. One approach is to implement policies that
technologies: cơ sở hạ tầng và công
support agricultural infrastructure and technologies that nghệ nông nghiệp
increase crop yield. In addition, food banks can help ensure
• food banks: ngân hàng thực phẩm
that leftovers are redistributed to those who need it most,
• leftovers: thức ăn thừa
while reducing food waste. These practices can reduce the
• redistributed: được cung cấp lại cho
effects of food insecurity and shortage. người khác high cost of housing
deteriorating national image lack of housing public housing HOUSING offer low - interest loansing Solutions prevent real estate bubbles space research SITUATION KEY WORDS
As of 2023, the global housing situation remains a challenge
• high cost of housing: giá nhà cao
for many people around the world. In some developed nations,
• the lack of house : sự thiếu hụt nhà ở
the high cost of housing has made it difficult for low-income
• deforest: phá rừng
families and individuals to find reasonable housing. Meanwhile,
• deteriorating national image: ảnh hưởng
in many developing countries, the lack of housing remains a
xấu đến hình ảnh quốc gia
significant issue. These problems lead millions of people
to live in poor conditions without access to basic amenities
such as clean water and sanitation. As a result, many people
choose to deforest to make way for new construction. This
results in a deteriorating national image. Moreover, in the long
term, the effects of climate change from deforestation will be
more extreme, with more frequent and serious weather events
causing damage to homes and displacement of people. 9 | ZIM SOLUTIONS
To solve this, programs about public housing should be
• public housing: nhà ở cộng đồng
proposed to provide affordable and accessible housing to
• low-interest loans: khoản vay lãi
those in need. Another solution is to offer low-interest loans suất thấp
to people who want to buy a home or make necessary repairs
• prevent real estate bubbles: ngăn chặn
to their existing home. This can help reduce the financial
bong bóng bất động sản
burden of home ownership and make housing more
• space research: nghiên cứu không gian
accessible to more people. It is also important that
governments have to intervene in the housing market to
prevent real estate bubbles, which are one of the main
causes of rapid increases in housing prices and the housing
crisis. Moreover, with the growing demand for housing and
limited space on Earth, space research for a new home to live
in is considered as a potential solution for the future. the lack of education Causes overpopulation natural factors set maximum WATER Solutions punish
have a deep understanding of its current water situation
Around the world, approximately one in ten people do not gain access to clean and safe drinking water, and every two
minutes, a child dies due to water-borne diseases. The impact of this crisis is greater on women even in 2023. Why
does our planet still lack clean water? CAUSES KEY WORDS
Water shortage is a problem that comes from many factors.
• the lack of education: sự thiếu hiểu biết
One of the main causes of this problem is the lack of
• overpopulation: sự quá tải dân số
education about use and conservation. Many people believe
• natural factors: các yếu tố tự nhiên
that water is an unlimited resource, leading to misuse and
waste. Besides, pollution is a significant problem, with many
areas not having proper waste treatment before releasing back into the environment.
Also, overpopulation worsen the problem as both household
and production activities require significant amounts of water.
Finally, natural factors such as climate change, natural
disasters and geographical factors such as having no streams
running through an area can also lead to water stress. 10 | ZIM SOLUTIONS
Setting maximum limits for water consumption or punishing
• set maximum limits: đặt giới hạn sử
those who overuse water would surely raise people's dụng tối đa
awareness of the consequences of misusing water resources,
• punish: phạt
thereby discouraging them from misusing water. In addition,
• understand current water situation: biết
only the government has a deep understanding of its current
được tình hình nguồn nước và dòng chảy
water situation. Therefore, only they can take action
accordingly to prevent drought and other emergencies that water shortages can cause. SUMMARY
Food shortages result from natural disasters and geographical reasons, which can destroy crops and disrupt food
supply chains. Solutions involve supporting agricultural infrastructure and technologies, and establishing food banks.
The global housing situation causes challenges due to high costs, lack of housing. Solutions include public housing
programs, low-interest loans, government intervention in preventing real estate bubbles, and space research. Water
shortage stems from a lack of education, overpopulation, and natural factors. Addressing it requires setting
maximum limits of consumption, stricter punishments, and deep understanding of the current water situation. Food shortages FOOD Solutions High cost of housing THE PHYSIOLOGICAL HOUSING Lack of housing - deforest NEEDS Solutions Causes WATER Solutions 11 | ZIM Meet the safety needs VIOLENCE IN MEDIA FORMS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE KEY WORDS
Violence in the media is a widespread problem that can have
• physical violence: bạo lực thể chất
harmful effects on individuals and society as a whole. This
• sexual content: nội dung liên quan đến
violence can take many forms, including: tình dục
• Physical violence, such as using weapons, knives or guns
• commit real-life crimes: phạm tội ở
to physically attack other people. Audiences, especially ngoài đời thật
younger ones, may copy these actions to physically bully their
• wars and terrorism: chiến tranh và
peers because they think these actions represent strength khủng bố
• Sexual content such as harassment and rape can
• domestic violence: bạo lực gia đình
stimulate negative reactions among potential criminals
• cyberbullying: bạo lực mạng
and make them more likely to commit real-life crimes to
• cyberstalking: theo dõi qua mạng their friends and colleagues.
• violence normalization: sự bình thường
• Violent content about wars and terrorism is often hoá bạo lực
illustrated in the media and can contribute to violence
• false beliefs: niềm tin sai lệch
normalization. Some people may form false beliefs that
physical power must be used if people want to achieve something in their lives.
• Domestic violence, such as parents beating or cursing at
their children, is another form of violence often described
in the media. This content can cause victims to be hurt, or
take extreme actions towards society.
• Cyberbullying, including online harassment and
cyberstalking, is becoming increasingly common in the
digital age. Some people may be stimulated and supported
by the demonstrations in the media, and commit cybercrimes to society. 12 | ZIM SOLUTIONS
Addressing violent content in the media is an pressing issue,
• potential harms: những nguy hại tiềm năng
and there are several potential solutions to help reduce its
• nonviolent content: xem những nội dung
negative impacts. An important method is education, with không bạo lực
school programs and media campaigns helping to educate
• limit the exposure: giới hạn sự tiếp xúc
individuals about the potential harms of media violence and
• control the types: kiểm soát thể loại xem
promoting watching nonviolent content. Parents can also play
• a time limit: giới hạn thời gian xem
an important role in limiting the exposure to media violence by
• rating system: hệ thống phân loại cấp độ
controlling the types of media content their children use and tuổi xem chương trình
setting a time limit for screen time. An effective rating system
can also help warn viewers of potentially harmful content,
including content about violence or other harmful behavior. HEALTHCARE 13 | ZIM CHALLENGES KEY WORDS
Access to medical treatment is a concern to many individuals
• medical treatment: sự chữa trị
and communities around the world. One of the challenges is
• price of medications: giá thuốc
the increasing price of medications, which can make needed
• drug effectiveness: sự hiệu quả của thuốc
treatments more expensive than ever. Furthermore, drug
• healthcare facilities: cơ sở y tế
effectiveness may change constantly due to the emergence of
• degraded existing infrastructure: cơ sở
new diseases and drug resistance in some patients. Another
hạ tầng hiện tại xuống cấp
issue is lacking healthcare facilities and degraded existing
• healthcare workers: nhân viên ngành y
infrastructure, which can make it difficult for individuals to
• overwhelming workload: lượng công việc
access services they need. This is especially problematic for khổng lồ
people living in remote areas, who may have limited access
• low wages, limited benefits and perks:
to healthcare facilities or have to travel long distances to be
lương thấp, phúc lợi và đặc quyền hạn chế
taken care of. Finally, healthcare workers in many regions
• employee retention: sự ở lại của nhân viên
may also be responsible for overwhelming workload but have
low wages, limited benefits and perks. This leads to lower
employee retention in the healthcare industry. SOLUTIONS
When it comes to treatment, one key solution is to increase
• increase funding: tăng ngân quỹ
funding, ranging from medical research to enhance existing
• medical research: nghiên cứu y khoa
drugs and invent new ones to the investment in technology,
• partnerships with private companies:
equipment and infrastructure. Specifically, investing in new
cộng tác với công ty tư nhân
facilities and technology can also help improve access to
• borrow/ buy technology and equipment:
care while establishing partnerships with private companies
mượn hoặc mua công nghệ và thiết
or borrowing or buying technology and equipment from other
• public insurance: bảo hiểm trách nhiệm
countries can help reduce and share the financial burden with công cộng
governments. Because private companies have abundant
• vaccination programs: chương trình tiêm
financial resources and have motivation to renovate products ngừa vắc xin
further, product development can be accelerated and improved
• sports facilities: trang thiết bị thể thao
to be able to make money and get the profit in the fastest way.
• promote healthy lifestyles: thúc đẩy lối
Additionally, offering public insurance can help ensure that all sống lành mạnh
individuals have access to the care they need.
• raise awareness: nâng cao nhận thức
In terms of prevention, vaccination programs and sports
facilities in public areas can help promote healthy lifestyles
and reduce the risk of suffering from preventable diseases.
Raising awareness about the importance of healthy habits
such as eating habits and getting regular checkups is also
important. Finally, it is necessary to increase the base salary
and perks for medical staff to improve morale and job retention in this team. SUMMARY
Media violence includes physical violence, sexual content, violence about wars and terrorism, domestic violence, and
cyberbullying, all of which can stimulate negative actions such as nominalizing violence, expressing strengths and 14 | ZIM
achieving something using physical power to their colleagues and friends. Addressing media violence requires
education, promoting nonviolent content, limiting exposure, controlling media types, setting screen time limits, and
implementing an effective rating system to warn viewers of potentially harmful content.
Challenges in healthcare include expensive medications, changing drug effectiveness, lack of facilities and infra-
structure, and low wages for healthcare workers. Solutions involve increasing funding, investing in technology and
infrastructure, establishing partnerships, offering public insurance, promoting preventive measures like vaccinations
and sports facilities, raising awareness, and improving salaries and perks for medical staff. Forms VIOLENCE IN MEDIA Solutions MEET THE SAFETY NEEDS Challenges HEALTHCARE Solutions
Meet the knowledge and understanding needs
Education is one of the contributors to changing the current living conditions of an individual. Although playing a very
important role, it is ranked after the first two needs because if essential needs such as food, water, shelter, or safety
are not guaranteed, humans cannot focus on self-awareness and personal growth, and contributing to society.
One of the policies that the government meets the knowledge and understanding needs is providing “Free tuition fee”.
However, providing a free service also comes with disadvantages that need to be considered. BENEFITS 15 | ZIM BENEFITS KEY WORDS
Providing free-of-charge education can bring several benefits
• free-of-charge education: giáo dục
to society. Firstly, it can help create equal opportunities for all miễn phí
individuals to access education, regardless of their financial
• equal opportunities: cơ hội công bằng
backgrounds. This can help many students from low-income
• lift oneself out of poverty: giúp bản thân
backgrounds to attend school and ultimately lift themselves
thoát khỏi cảnh nghèo khổ
out of poverty. Additionally, a more educated workforce can
• economic growth and productivity: sự
lead to increased economic growth and productivity, as
phát triển kinh tế và năng suất
individuals with higher levels of education tend to have more
• literacy rates: tỷ lệ có học
skills and knowledge that can benefit the labor force. At the
• a more educated and skilled population:
same time, by removing financial barriers to education, we can
dân số có giáo dục và kỹ năng cao hơn
also see increased literacy rates, which can ultimately lead to
a more educated and skilled population. DRAWBACKS DRAWBACKS
However, there are also some potential drawbacks worth
• a significant burden: gánh nặng lớn
considering. Firstly, providing free education may put a
• taxpayers: người trả thuế
significant burden on taxpayers and the national budget. This
• the national budget: ngân sách quốc gia
could disadvantage other areas and potentially have negative
• the quality of students: chất lượng học sinh
impacts on the entire economy. Additionally, if the quality of
• motivation: động lực
students is not monitored properly, free education may lead
• compete and strive: cạnh tranh hay
to a lack of motivation to learn, as students think there is nỗ lực
no need to compete and strive. This could lead to a lack of
• accountability: trách nhiệm
accountability and potentially result in students dropping out
• resources and facilities: nguồn lực và cơ
or not putting in the necessary effort to succeed. Furthermore, sở vật chất
free education can also lead to a lack of resources and
• job market saturation: sự bão hoà thị
facilities in educational institutions, which can affect the trường việc làm
quality of education provided, as a result. Finally, the increase
in the number of graduates due to free education may lead
to potential job market saturation, making it difficult for
individuals to find employment even with a formal degree. 16 | ZIM SUMMARY
Providing free education can create equal opportunities and lead to a more educated workforce, but this proposal
may burden taxpayers and disadvantage other areas of the economy. Without proper monitoring, it may also result in
a lack of motivation and accountability, as well as a lack of resources and potential job market saturation. euqal opportunity Benefits more skills MEET THE and knowledge KNOWLEDGE AND FREE TUITION FEE UNDERSTANDING NEEDS put a significant burrden Drawbacks the quality job market saturation
Meet the aethetics needs
Aesthetics needs are an expanded need after meeting the aforementioned needs. Some people believe that
aesthetics needs belong to individuals, and therefore government intervention will bring disadvantages. However,
according to the mind map below, meeting aesthetic needs seems to bring many benefits not only for individuals but also for the country. BENEFITS BENEFITS KEY WORDS
Aesthetic needs play an important role in the development of
• aesthetic needs: nhu cầu thẩm mỹ
society and can have several positive impacts. Firstly,
• boost national image: nâng cao hình ảnh
investing in aesthetics can boost national image by creating quốc gia
attractive public spaces, buildings, and monuments that 17 | ZIM
reflect the unique cultural and historical identity of a country.
• cultural and historical identity: bản sắc
This can improve the country's image both nationally and văn hoá và lịch sử
internationally. Additionally, investing in aesthetics can have
• attract tourism: thu hút du lịch
positive impacts on not only the economy, as it can attract
• social cohesion: sự gắn kết xã hội
tourism and create jobs in fields, but also the social
• foster a sense of unity and equality: thúc
cohesion,as the same style of architecture can foster a sense
đẩy sự gắn kết và công bằng
of unity and equality in society. Also, by preserving cultural
• preserve cultural heritage: bảo tồn di sản
heritage, societies can help pass down traditions from văn hoá
generation to generation. Finally, improving the aesthetics of
• pass down traditions: truyền lại những
public spaces can enhance the quality of life for citizens by phong tục, truyền thống
creating attractive and functional areas for people to gather,
• enhance the quality of life: nâng cao chất relax, and enjoy. lượng cuộc sống DRAWBACKS DRAWBACKS
However, for some people, aesthetics is subjective, and what
• subjective: mang tính chủ quan
may be considered aesthetic for one group may not be for
• a limited audience: lượng khán giả
another. Therefore, it is only suitable for a limited audience, as giới hạn
not everyone can access or appreciate the beauty of a work.
• using taxpayers’ money: sử dụng
Moreover, using taxpayers’ money to sponsor aesthetic tiền thuế
improvements may cause a resentful attitude among the
• a resentful attitude: thái độ phẫn nộ
public, especially if they feel that urgent issues are not
• immediate economic benefits: lợi ích
being addressed. Finally, investing in aesthetics may not kinh tế ngay lập tức
always bring immediate economic benefits and therefore may
be seen as a less attractive investment option. 18 | ZIM SUMMARY
Investing in aesthetics can boost national image and the economy, promote social cohesion and culture, and enhance
citizens' quality of life. However, aesthetic preferences are subjective and may not be valued by all, leading to limited
audience and potential resentment among taxpayers. Boost national image Economy BENEFITS Social cohesion Culture Enhance the quality life for citizens MEET THE AESTHETICS NEEDS Subjective DRAWBACKS Using taxpayers Not always bring immediate economic benefits
To what extent should government intervene
The level of government intervention in different aspects of life will vary depending on the political system and level
of development of a country. However, is there any government in the world that has the right to control 100% of the
issues in their country? What would happen to that country if such a situation occurred? The answer is:
If any government in the world has the right to control 100% of the issues in their country, individual freedoms and
rights in that country will be greatly limited or almost non-existent. That government will have the power to control
every aspect, from jobs, education to religion or social relationships. Therefore, innovation and creativity will be sup-
pressed and have no room to develop, and the country will find it difficult to compete with other countries in the world,
as a consequence. This can even lead to a resentful attitude and may be the beginning of forms of social instability.
In summary, the role of the government is crucial for the formation and development of a country. However, depend-
ing on the issues, the government needs to have a significant or moderate level of intervention to maintain stability
and promote the development of the country. 19 | ZIM
Government's responsibility towards global community KEY WORDS
Governments play an important role in promoting global peace
• global peace and stability: hòa bình và
and stability, protecting human rights, addressing global sự ổn định toàn cầu
challenges, and promoting trade cooperation.
• resolve conflicts: giải quyết mâu thuẫn
• humanitarian aid: hỗ trợ nhân đạo
In Southeast Asia, for example, countries have been working
• human rights: bảo vệ quyền con người
together to promote regional peace and stability through
• global challenges: thách thức phạm vi
organizations such as ASEAN, which aims to promote toàn cầu
economic, political, and security cooperation among its
• climate change: biến đổi khí hậu
member states. Governments in the region also work
• poverty: đói nghèo
together to resolve conflicts, such as the territorial disputes in
• inequality: sự bất công
the South China Sea, and to provide humanitarian aid to areas
• trade cooperation: hợp tác thương mại
affected by natural disasters or conflicts.
• mutual prosperity: sự thịnh vượng chung
Human rights have also been a major concern. In some
countries facing issues such as discrimination, human
trafficking, and other forms of exploitation, governments in
the region have been taking steps to combat these issues,
with some countries implementing laws to protect vulnerable groups and promote equality.
Global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and
inequality are also issues that many parts of the world are
facing. For example, some countries have been cooperating
and implementing sustainable development initiatives and
promoting the use of renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Trade cooperation is also important around the world. For
instance, countries in Southeast Asia are working together
to promote mutual prosperity through initiatives such as the
ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), which aims to create a free
trade area among ASEAN member states. Governments have
also been working to attract foreign investment and promote
trade with other countries outside the region. SUMMARY
In addition to their responsibility to their own citizens, governments also have a positive role to play in the internation-
al community in terms of the promotion of worldwide peace and stability, protection of human rights, addressing of
global challenges, and the promotion of trade cooperation. 20 | ZIM