Advanced Reading Power TB KEY - ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE (K40) | Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Advanced Reading Power: Extensive Reading, Vocabulary Building, Comprehension Skills, Reading Faster Teacher’s Guide with Answer Key Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Môn: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE (K40)
Trường: Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
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ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE (K40)
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Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
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lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 Advanced Reading Power TB KEY
ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE (Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân
văn, Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh)
TEACHER’S GUIDE with ANSWER KEY Beatrice S. Mikulecky Linda Jeffries Answer Key 28 Answer Key 29
Advanced Reading Power:
Extensive Reading, Vocabulary Building, Comprehension Skills, Reading Faster Teacher’s Guide with Answer Key
Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street, White Plains, NY 10606
Staff credits: The people who made up the Advanced Reading Power team, representing editorial, production, design,
and manufacturing, are Christine Edmonds, Ann France, Gosia Jaros-White, Laura Le Dréan, Edith Pullman, Jennifer Stem, and Paula Van Ells.
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10–OPM–11 10 09 08
Text composition: Rainbow Graphics 07 Text font: 10/14 Stone Serif
LONGMAN ON THE WEB Part 1: Extensive Reading
Longman.com offers online resources for
UNIT 3: Reading and Discussing
teachers and students. Access our Fiction
Companion Websites, our online catalog, and
our local offices around the world. Exercise 2, page 18
Visit us at longman.com. Main characters:
Margot: a thin, pale, quiet girl, who feels
13-Digit ISBN: 978-0-13-199028-9 10-Digit ISBN:
different from the other children and does 0-13-199028-4 not play with them
William: the class bully, who resents Margot and d. 1 j. 9
mistreats her because she is different e. 3 k. 7
The teacher: not clearly characterized, but f. 5 Exercise 4, pages
distant and not very involved in the class or 19–20 concerned about the children A.
There can be more than one interpretation to a story
like this, so alternative answers are possible. Answers
The other children: typical nine-year-olds, easily
based on two interpretations are shown below. Other
persuaded by William to gang up against Margot
answers are possible if students can justify them. The Setting (time): in the future
students do not have to use all of items a–k
Setting (place): at a school on the planet
Interpretation Interpretation #1 #2 Venus Exposition b, d b, d, h, i, j, k Exercise 3, page 19 Complicating a. 11 g. 4 b. 2 h. 6 action e, g e, g, f c. 10 i. 8 Climax f c Resolution a, c a
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.) Exercise 5, pages 20–21 A.
(Other answers are also possible.)
1. b. thousands upon thousands of dayscompounded and filled from one end to the other with rain
c. a thousand forests had been crushedunder the rain and grown up a thousand times to be crushed again
d. It was the color of rubber and ash, thisjungle, from the many years without the sun.
2. b. the rain had washed out the blue fromher eyes and the red from her mouth and the yellow from her hair
c. an old photograph dusted from analbum, whitened away
d. if she spoke at all her voice would be aghost
3. b. the children pressed to each other likeso many roses, so many weeds
c. they turned on themselves like a feverish wheel, all tumbling spokes
d. wildly, like animals escaped from their caves, they ran and ran in shouting circles 4. b. He gave her a shove. c. he seized her roughly
d. The boy gave her another push. Answer Key 31 Answer Key 30 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
5. b. a gold or a yellow crayon or a coinlarge 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F enough to buy the world with
(Answers will vary for parts B–D.) Exercise
c. a warmness, like a blushing in the face 2, pages 34–35
d. the sun on their cheeks like a warm iron A.
6. b. the sweet crystal fall of showers 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F
(Answers will vary for parts B–D.)
c. the concussion of storms so heavy theywere
tidal waves come over the islands
UNIT 3: Inferring Meaning from Context
d. the tatting drum, the endless shaking Exercise 1, page 37
down of clear bead necklaces upon the roof A. (Answers will vary.) 7. b. blazing blue tile color B. c. amazing blueness
drenched: completely wet thrust: to push someone d. darkened into midnight
or something somewhere with a sudden or violent movement Part 2: Vocabulary Building Exercise 2, pages 37–38
UNIT 1: Strategies for Building a A. (Answers will vary.) Powerful Vocabulary B. Exercises 1, 2, pages 26–27
tamper: to change something without permission,
especially in order to damage it (Answers will vary.) forlorn: sad and lonely Exercise 3, page 28 Exercise 3, page 38 1. three
A. (Answers will vary.) B. woes: the problems 2. adjective
and troubles affecting someone abducted:
3. You probably are worried that yourteacher will
taken away illegally and by force; kidnapped find something wrong. Exercise 4, page 40
4. a piece of paper5. Answers will vary. A. 6. on the first syllable a. Part of speech: noun 7. scrubbed Definition: 2 Exercise 4, page 30
b. Part of speech: verbDefinition: 1 B. (Answers will vary.)
a. the idea of something that is low andempty (with high sides)
UNIT 2: Learning New Words from Your
b. the idea of doing something verythoroughly
Reading Example, pages 31–32 over a period of time A. Exercise 5, pages 40–41 3. F 4. T A.
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.) a. 1 Exercise 1, pages 32–33 b. 4 A. c. 3 Answer Key 31 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 d. 6
b. electronic signs along roads that zop drivers
about dangers or problems ahead; drivers B.
are zopped about the condition of the road; the
Do these systems work better to zop drivers idea of c. warn some Exercise 8, page 43 thing that A. is 1. a. noun level
b. there were large dreels that went backand and
forth; when the dreel arrived; jumped into then the dreel as it pulled out chan ges c. ferryboat to a 2. a. noun new
b. where they could be a zeem forenemies on positi
the roofs; a sharpshooter might decide it on,
was time for zeem practice—and they rarely literal missed their zeem ly or c. target figura tively Exercise 9, page 45 Exerc ise 6, A. page 1. verb 41
2. it could be so thoroughly substantiated that A.
there would be no room to doubt its validity a. 3
3. no room to doubt its validity, proof of b. 5
mycontention, imperative for me to prove B.
(Answers will vary.) C. proven c. 2 Exercise 10, page 46 d. 1
B. the idea of movement or change A. (Answers will vary.) B. Exercise 7, pages 42–43 1. set of beliefs A. 2. tools, instruments 1. a. verb
3. was very popular and well-developed
b. they tried to zep all the guns; the Germans zepped radios as well UNIT 4: Word Parts c. seize, take away Exercise 1, pages 48–49 2. a. verb
(Students’ definitions will vary.) A. 1. Word: manual Root: manus Answer Key 32 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
Dictionary definition: involving the use of the
Dictionary definition: the fact of being male or hands female 2. Word: reverse Root: versum 3. Word: biologists Root: bios Dictionary
Dictionary definition: to go backwards, in the
definition: person who scientifically studies opposite direction living things 3. Word: located Root: locatum
4. Word: logical Root: logos Dictionary definition:
Dictionary definition: to be in a particular place
seeming reasonable and sensible 4. Word: predict Root: dictus 5. Word: geography Root: geo
Dictionary definition: to say that something will
Dictionary definition: the study of the countries,
happen before it happens 5. Word: annual Root:
oceans, rivers, mountains, etc., of the earth annus
6. Word: chronological Root: chronos Definition:
Dictionary definition: happening once a year 6.
arranged according to when something Word: dictator Root: dictus happened
Dictionary definition: a ruler who has complete 7. Word: meter Root: metron power over a country B.
Dictionary definition: a machine that measures
and shows the amount of something you have used Word from Related Definition of B. part A word related word Word from Related Definition of reverse revert to go back to a previous condition or habit part A word related word vision visualize
to form a picture of something pathetic sympathy the feeling of being sorry in your mind for someone who is in a bad situation manual manipulate to make someone do what you want by deceiving or influencing them geography geocentric having the Earth as the central point annual anniversary a date on which something special or important happened in a previous year dictator dictation the act of saying words for someone to write down located local connected with a particular place or area Exercise 2, pages 50–51
(Students’ definitions will vary.) A. 1. Word: pathetic Root: pathos
Dictionary definition: making you feel pity or sympathy 2. Word: gender Root: genos Answer Key 33 meter metric using or relating to the metric system of weights lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 and measures biologist
biodegradable capable of being broken down by 3. poster biological agents, 4. primrose especially bacteria
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.) chronological chronicle a written record of events, especially historical events, written Exercise 6, pages 55–56 in the order in which A. they happened 1. comma 2. interest logical dialogue a conversation in a book, play, or movie 3. syringe 4. exercise gender gene a small part of a cell that controls the 5. subject development of qualities that have been passed 6. teller on to a living thing from 7. superb its parents 8. contract Exercise 3, pages 52–53
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.) A. Exercise 7, pages 57–58 1. uncle
1. endurance; the ability to suffer difficultiesor 2. normal
pain with strength and patience 3. inspire
2. competence; the ability and skill to dowhat is 4. diskette needed
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.)
3. organizer; someone who makes thenecessary Exercise 4, pages 53–54
arrangements so that an activity can happen
4. conqueror; someone who takes control ofa land A.
or country by attacking people or fighting a war 1. unimportant
5. discussion; the act of talking aboutsomething 2. biology
with someone or a group in order to exchange 3. trial ideas or decide something 4. quality
6. deletion; the act or process of 5. central
removingsomething from a piece of writing or from a computer 6. money
7. mysticism; the belief that there is ahidden 7. durable
meaning in life or that each human being can
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.) unite with God Exercise 5, pages 54–55
8. commitment; a promise to do somethingor to behave in a particular way A.
9. effectiveness; the extent to which anintended 1. pretty result is produced 2. reason Answer Key 34 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
10.restriction; something that limits or controls
4. ethnic; adjective; relating to a particular race,
what you can do or what is allowed to happen
nation, or tribe and their customs and traditions
5. qualitative; adjective; relating to the quality or Exercise 8, pages 58–59
standard of something, rather than amount or number
1. conceivable; able to be believed orimagined
6. optional; adjective; if something is optional, you
2. seasonal; happening or needed only at
do not have to do it or use it aparticular time of year
7. negate; verb; to state that something does not 3. bountiful; generous exist or is not true
4. angelic; seemingly good, kind, and gentle,or
8. identical; adjective; exactly the same behaving in this way
9. precedence; noun; the condition of being more
5. monotonous; boring because there is novariety important than other things
6. devious; using tricks or lies to get whatyou want
10.investigative; adjective; work or activities that
involve investigating something
7. suggestive; reminding you of something 8. Exercise 11, pages 60–61
panicky; very nervous or anxious
9. strategic; done as part of a plan
(There may be more than one word to analyze in
10.lawless; not obeying the law, or not controlled by some senteces.) the law 1. Word: reviseParts: re + vise
Definition: to change your opinions, plans, etc., Exercise 9, page 59
because of new information or ideas
1. validate; to prove that something is true or 2. Word: telepathyParts:
correct, or to make a document official tele + pathy Definition:
2. justify; to give an acceptable explanationor the communication of reason for something thoughts directly from 3. one person’s mind to
customize; to change something to makeit more appropriate for you someone else’s mind without speaking or
4. equate; to consider that one thing is thesame as writing something else 3. Word: generateParts:
5. quantify; to measure something andexpress it as gene + rate a number
Definition: to produce or make something
6. economize; to reduce the amount ofmoney, 4. Word: dominanceParts:
time, goods, etc., that you use Exercise 10, page 60 domin + ance Definition: the fact of being more
1. harmonize; verb; to make two things work well powerful, more or look well together important, or more
2. environmental; adjective; concerning or noticeable than other
affecting the air, land, or water on Earth people or things 5. Word: unconventional
3. differentiate; verb; to recognize or express the Parts: un + convention +
difference between things or people Answer Key 35 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 al Definition: doing
the general assumption; depends on the things one’s own way or
assumption; to question the assumption; the having different opinions fundamental assumption from most other people
3. assumption made by; the assumption of;the 6. Word: insensitive
assumption that; the assumption was that
Parts: in + sensi + tive Definition: not
4. Assumption is often followed by a phrase
noticing other people’s feelings 7. Word: starting with that. heroically Parts: hero + ic + ally Exercise 4, page 66
Definition: with extreme bravery, like a hero
1. adopt a development strategy; that anystrategy; 8. Word: synchronized
the only rational strategy; tended to adopt a
Parts: syn + chron + ized Definition: to make two
strategy; is the truly best strategy; Its new
or more watches or clocks show exactly the
strategy; a successful strategy; do not fit in the same time
long-term strategy; plan a date and a strategy;
9. Word: universeParts: uni + verse Definition: the
The winning strategy; this is a reasonable
whole of space, including all the stars and
strategy; According to the regional strategy planets
2. Certain verbs are used such as adopt, fit in, plan.
Adjectives are used to describe the strategy:
development, rational, truly best, successful, UNIT 5: Collocations
long-term, reasonable, regional. Exercise 1, page 63
3. strategy away from dependence; strategycould
achieve; strategy for either of us; strategy for (Answers may vary.)
sampling the stimuli; strategy in a more general; 1. roughly doubled
strategy is called; strategy is one that; strategy 2. in the last few years
of the group; strategy for the return; strategy 3. a series of studies
remarkably, was the simplest; strategy since it
tends to cut down energy; strategy the 4. research group government aims to 5. startling findings
4. Strategy is often followed by a preposition:
away from, for, in. It can be followed by a verb: Exercise 2, page 64
achieve, is, was. It can also be followed by a (Answers may vary.) comma and a new clause. Exercise 5, page 67
1. statistically less important
2. to stay in instant touch 3. around the
1. a relatively simple process; the mostancient world
process; the political process; not a single
process; not been a smooth process; the 4. reduced to a minimum
historical process; The main process; enjoy the 5. rely the most on e-mail
process; extend the process; involved in the Exercise 3, page 65
process; it is this process; is part of the process;
1. unreasonable assumption; started from the been a gradual process
assumption; rests on the further assumption;
2. Process is often preceded by an adjective:
depends on the assumption; the shared
relatively simple, most ancient, political, single,
assumption; dared to question the assumption;
smooth, historical, main, gradual. Process can Answer Key 36 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
be preceded by certain verbs: enjoy, extend,
4. Perception is sometimes followed by a involved in.
prepositional phrase with of. It can be followed
3. process and divides the egg; process andone
by a comma or period and a new clause or
which continues; process and understand what
sentence. Certain verbs can be used after it:
this; process as we know; process. During the
involved, recorded.
preceding fifty; process has been very widely Exercise 7, page 69
discussed; process is competition; process of
change; process of dying through the use; (Answers may vary.)
process of production; process of revision;
1. unreasonable, further, shared,fundamental
process of understanding and; process. Various
2. rational, successful, long-term, winning,regional stories lend
3. political, single, smooth, historical, main,gradual
4. Process can be followed by a comma or period
4. visual, direct, popular, public’s,widespread,
and a new clause or sentence. It can be followed general
by a prepositional phrase with of. It can be
followed by certain verbs: be discussed, is. Exercise 8, pages 69–70
(Answers may vary. Possible answers:) Exercise 6, page 68
1. general, fundamental, popular
1. understand what sense-perception;motion and
2. fundamental, public’s, widespread
sense perception; the problem of visual
3. regional, long-term, winning, successful
perception; beyond direct perception; and that 4. gradual, smooth
where this perception; whose theories of
perception; not just a matter of my own 5. visual
perception; influence upon the popular 6. smooth
perception; relationship between their
7. historical, fundamental, basic
perception; depends on the public’s perception; 8. long-term, regional
there is a widespread perception; based on the Exercise 9, page 70 general perception
2. Perception is often part of a prepositional
(Answers may vary. Possible answers:)
phrase: the problem of, beyond, theories of, a
1. make the, start from the, rest on the,depend on
matter of, influence upon, relationship between. the, question the
It can also be preceded by a phrasal verb: 2. adopt a, fit in a, plan a
depends on, based on. It is often preceded by an
3. cause a, extend a, be involved in a
adjective: sense, visual, direct, this, own,
4. deal with the, depend on the, based onthe
popular, public’s, widespread, general.
3. perception actually is; perception and islaid out; Exercise 10, page 71
perception as a particular difficulty; perception.
(Answers may vary. Possible answers:)
But he is not; perception is lacking; perception
involved both material things; perception. It was 1. depends on, is based on
definitely; perception of Islam; perception of the
2. starts, is part of, is included in
good of the state; perception of what life 3. develop, adopt
imprisonment; perception recorded in the 4. make, question
surveys of; perception that pre-1939 aviation was 5. was based on, rested on Answer Key 37 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 6. developed, adopted
7. be involved in, be part of, be included in 8. made, questioned Part 3: Comprehension Skills UNIT 1: Previewing Exercise 1, pages 75–76
1. how dictionaries are written 2. explanation
3. from lots of examples of real use of theword
4. A dictionary writer is a collector (ofexamples) and a recorder (of meanings).
5. No, the meanings of words can change. 6. (Answers will vary.) Exercise 2, page 77 1. 16 2. (Answers will vary.) 3. (Answers will vary.)
4. Glossary, Name Index, Subject Index Exercise 3, page 78 1. Socialization
(Answers will vary for questions 2–5.) Answer Key 38 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
6. Summary, Key Concepts, CriticalThinking Exercise 6, pages 82–83 Questions 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T Exercise 4, pages 79–80 Exercise 7, pages 84–85 1. b 4. c 7. b 10. a 13. c 16. b
1. It tells about a five-year-old girl who hadhad
almost no contact with people. 2. b 5. a 8. a 11. a 14. a 3. c 2. (Answers will vary.) 6. c 9. b 12. b 15. c Exercise 8, page 86 3. no
(Answers will vary for questions 4–5.) Exercise 9, pages 86–87 Noun Verb Adjective Adverb authority authorize authoritative authoritatively bind, binding bind bound ——— context contextualize contextual contextually credit credit creditable creditably illustration illustrate illustrative ——— incident, incidence ——— incidental incidentally influence influence influential ——— occurrence occur ——— ——— origin originate original originally period ——— periodic periodically principal ——— principal principally revelation reveal revealing, revelatory revealingly Exercise 5, pages 80–81 1. period 9. incidentally 2. authority 10. apply 1. Social Isolation 3. thus 11. influenced
2. It is about the effects of social isolation 4. occurrences 12. context onmonkeys and on children. 5. illustrative 13. credited
3. There are two parts: one about researchwith 6. tasks 14. decades
monkeys and one about isolated children. 7. original 15. principally
4. Both the research with monkeys and thecases of 8. bound by 16. reveal UNIT 2: Making Inferences
isolated children demonstrate the harmful effects
(In many of these exercises, the answers may vary. of social isolation.
Any answer is acceptable if it can be justified by 5. (Answers will vary.)
evidence or conclusions that arise from the text.) 39 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 Exercise 1, page 89
2. He has probably worked in a job thatrequires
formal clothes, such as a waiter in a fancy 3. They don’t contain the
restaurant or a concert musician. chemicalcompound.
3. The fact that the labels had been cut outseems to 4.
Paul Breslin works at the Monell
imply that he (or someone else) did not want
ChemicalSenses Center in Philadelphia. He anyone to identify him.
and his colleagues have discovered that
extra virgin olive oil contains a compound called oleocanthal. 5. He is a scientist.
4. It was clear to the police from the way helooked
or behaved that he needed medical help. 6. It is a scientific journal.
5. They inferred that he was a pianist andwanted to Exercise 2, page 90 play the piano.
6. You can infer that he really liked playingthe piano 1.
Farmers in two states in India havesprayed
and that when he was playing, he could escape
Coca-Cola on their fields instead of
from the feelings or thoughts that disturbed him. chemical pesticides.
7. They guessed that he must be from anorthern or 2. They are expensive.
central European country (probably because he is 3.
Hundreds of farmers say they havesprayed blond).
Coca-Cola on their fields. According to the
8. You can infer that the doctors wereconvinced that
farmers, the insects on cotton plants die
he was seriously in need of psychiatric care.
when they are sprayed with cola. 4.
It must have something in it that Exercise 4, pages 92–95 killsinsects. 5.
The Coca-Cola Company already has
1. You can infer that they were not smalland not
legalproblems in Andhra Pradesh because one of the new species.
farmers believe it is taking water away
2. They inferred that it is a species of
from them for its bottling plants.
humanbecause it walked upright, even though 6.
They are probably quite poor. Water
the skeleton is shaped more like that of a
forfarming is in short supply.
chimpanzee and it had a smaller brain than most 7.
If there are bottling plants, it must humans.
meanthat Coca-Cola soft drinks sell quite
3. Roberts has inferred that a volcanicexplosion
well in India. At the same time, if farmers
eliminated both the pygmy elephants and the are suing the company
Homo floresiensis population of the island. Answer Key
4. The writer infers that this discoverymeans that
over water use, there is evidently some negative
other surprising discoveries are possible, and
feeling about the way the company operates in
that there may even be other kinds of humans India. alive on the planet today. Exercise 3, pages 91–92
5. Animals on islands may evolve to becomemuch
smaller or much larger than the similar species
1. The writer has inferred that the man isscared, on the mainland.
probably very disturbed, and doesn’t want his 6. Inference picture taken. 40 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
7. Small brain size usually belongs to achimpanzee,
people, we can infer that Junie Moon and not a human.
Arthur must belong to other ethnic or racial
8. He was surprised because he did notexpect a
minorities (such as African-Americans or Native
creature with such a small brain size to be able Americans). to make fine tools.
8. There seems to be some rivalry betweenthem
9. Morwood inferred that the humans (Homo
and some resentment on Arthur’s part about
erectus) who had made the tools had arrived in Warren deciding things.
boats on Flores from the mainland; that they
9. She may be more sensitive about herdeformities
had not been able to leave; and that they had
and perhaps more damaged psychologically
then evolved into the smaller species of humans
than she seems at first from her rather tough (Homo floresiensis). way of speaking.
10. He suggests that Homo floresiensis may have
10. He doesn’t easily become offended, he’sgood at
become small because resources were scarce on
convincing people, and he’s not afraid to the island.
challenge authority (as with the landlord and the
11. You can infer that both types of humansmust nurse).
have lived together on the island for at least
11. She does not like or trust them, and theyfeel the 20,000 years. same way about her. Exercise 5, pages 95–99
12. It seems probable that one or both of themen
2. Warren probably used to be active andhave
will fall in love with Junie Moon.
friends, and he has been in a wheelchair for 13. (Answers will vary.)
many years. Arthur’s ironic and rather dark
sense of humor about his situation may be a Exercise 7, pages 101–102
way of coping with his difficulties. Junie Moon 1. c 4. c 7. b 10. b 13. c 16. b
had the bad luck to meet up with a violent man, 2. b 5. a 8. c 11. c 14. a 3. a
though we don’t know what her relationship 6. a 9. b 12. a 15. c was with this man. Exercise 8, page 103
3. Since it says “they had no place to go,”you can Exercise 2, pages 107–109
infer that all three patients have no close family
ties. They either don’t have families or they are 1. c
not in contact with their families (perhaps they 2. a do not want to make contact). 3. d
4. It seems that that they don’t have anymoney 4. f
except the small allowances (pittances) they
receive for their disabilities. 5. e
5. Junie Moon and Arthur probably getannoyed Exercise 3, page 110
with Warren sometimes when he tells them what to do. Topic: Floodplains Main idea: c
6. They are used to his ways, and they careabout
Supporting facts and ideas: Floodplains can control him and want to comfort him.
flooding. They also help clean rivers and streams.
7. Since Arthur is probably thinking thatWarren
represents the minority group of disabled Exercise 4, pages 111–112 Answer Key 41 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
1. Topic: Flooding in the Netherlands Main idea: c
protection. The government has begun buying
Supporting fact and ideas: The Netherlands is land along major waterways.
more than 60 percent near or below sea level.
The greatest risk of flooding comes from the Exercise 5, pages 112–114
North Sea. Flooding can occur along the Rhine,
Maas, and Scheldt Rivers. When major rivers
meet at the North Sea, they form a delta region.
2. Topic: The Dutch system of flood barriers Main idea: b
Supporting fact and ideas: The Dutch barriers are
the strongest in the world. The first line of
defense is made up of dikes, dams, and storm Exercise 9, pages 103–104 Noun Verb Adjective Adverb 1. previous 9. wiped out 2. persistent 10. proportions alteration alter altered ——— 3. capacity 11. evolutionary appearance appear apparent apparently 4. implication 12. presumably capacity ——— capacious ——— 5. altered 13. elsewhere diversity diversify diverse diversely 6. significance 14. resources evolution evolve evolutionary, ——— 7. survived 15. apparently evolving 8. sole 16. diversity implication imply implicit implicitly
UNIT 3: Understanding Paragraphs Exercise 1, pages 106–107 persistence persist persistent persistently presumption presume presumable presumably
1. Topic: The causes of water shortages in Mexico City ——— ——— previous previously
2. Topic: The history of Mexico City’s water proportion proportion proportional, proportionally, supplies proportionate proportionately
3. Topic: How Mexico City is sinking Answer Key resource ——— resourceful resourcefully significance signify significant significantly ——— ——— sole solely
barriers. These are aided by secondary defenses. survival, survivor survive survivable, ——— surviving
3. Topic: Climate change and Dutch water
protection strategies Main idea: b
Supporting fact and ideas: According to the
study, higher rainfall and rising sea levels would
lead to increased risk of flooding and hotter
summers could lead to weakening of the dikes.
The new approach will rely more on natural 42 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
1. Topic: A description of Lake Baikal Main idea: a
who—women working outside the home they—
Supporting facts and ideas: It measures 395 miles by
husbands these—taking out the trash and mowing
50 miles and has 1,245 miles of coastline. It is 1 the lawn
mile deep. It is at least 25 million years old. 2. Topic:
This—the fact that men spend a lot less time doing
Lake Baikal’s ecosystem Main idea: c Supporting
household tasks than women do who—women
facts and ideas: More than 1,000 species exist
working full time those—women who can afford to
nowhere else. Among its unique fauna is the Baikal
pay for help she—a woman who—the one (the
freshwater seal. Another unique creature is a fish
woman) managing the help this —help She— working called the omul. women
3. Topic: The clear water of Lake Baikal Main idea: a Example, page 117
Supporting facts and ideas: The lake contained
certain small zooplankton and crustaceans. The
Main idea: A transnational corporation is a
water consisted of rainwater and melted snow.
corporation that has investments in two or more
Most of the watershed has a rocky surface. countries. Exercise 6, page 116 Exercise 7, 118–119
The increase in paid employment for women
are working full-time and for those who can afford to
1. Main idea: In order to be sure of having enough
rubber for his cars, Henry Ford started his own
pay for help in the home. In fact, if a woman can rubber plantation in Brazil.
Transitions: However, at times, In fact,
afford to pay for help, she is usually the one who has But, Thus
to manage this help, hiring and overseeing the Answer Key
babysitters, cleaners, repairmen, and so on. She is
Pronouns—Referents: who— Henry Ford he—Henry Ford his—
also more likely to attend school meetings, make Henry Ford
appointments with teachers, and in general, attend
2. Main idea: Ford’s plantation began producing
rubber but then was closed due to a number of to the needs of the children.
difficulties. Transitions: However, In fact, Before long, Finally
Pronouns—Referents: his— Ford he—Ford One—factor
Main idea: Although they are working more,
3. Main idea: Instead of trying to control all phases
women are still responsible for most household
of production, most companies today order
tasks and responsibilities. Pronouns—Referents:
supplies just when they need them.
it—the increase in paid employment for women 43 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 Exercise 14, page 131 Noun Verb Adjective Adverb consideration consider considerable considerably consumption, consume consumable ——— consumer contrast contrast contrasting ——— currency ——— current currently distribution distribute distributional ——— evidence evidence evident evidently excess exceed excessive excessively factor factor ——— ——— inadequacy ——— inadequate inadequately location locate ——— ——— phenomenon ——— phenomenal phenomenally recycling recycle recycled ——— supplement supplement supplemental ——— ——— underlie underlying ———
Transitions: In fact, Whereas, For this reason,
Main idea: The price of gold could be pushed
However, For example Pronouns—Referents:
higher because of the high social and
this—because they are afraid of having too many
environmental costs of mining it.
supplies they—contemporary car makers they—
car makers they—car makers it—what they need Exercise 9, pages 123–124
this—buying what they need when they need it 1. c
its—Apple Computer Company it— Apple
Main idea: Because Johnson & Johnson acted Exercise 8 pages 121–122
quickly and decisively in the Tylenol crisis, there
were no serious consequences for the company. 1. d 2. a
Main idea: Since ancient times, gold has had
Main idea: Firestone lost sales and millions of special and lasting value.
dollars because it did not immediately recall 2. b defective tires.
Main idea: Gold is valuable because people 3. d
believe it is valuable and there is a strong demand for it. 3. a
Main idea: A company must react immediately
and decisively to a crisis in order to keep the trust of customers. 44 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 Exercise 10, pages 125–126
UNIT 4: Patterns of Organization Exercise 1, pages 141–144 1. c
Main idea: In the early twentieth century, André
1. Topic: The landing of men on the Moon Main
Level started a fund that invested in art and made
idea: The first moon landing was very different a substantial profit.
from the last one. Key words in the main idea: 2. d
very different from Pattern: Comparison/Contrast
Supporting facts and ideas: Signal words Details
Main idea: People are investing in art today in But while The first landing was an
order to make a profit as Level’s investors did. 3. enormous achievement. c far more The last landing
Main idea: Buying artwork may not be a good contributed far more
investment for several reasons. scientific knowledge. only The first mission lasted only Exercise 11, pages 126–128 a few hours. however On the last mission, the 1. b three men spent more time
Main idea: In order to sell the plastic containers on the Moon.
he had invented, Earl Tupper also invented a new much further They could travel much
marketing strategy— the home party.
further from the landing site. 2. a
Main idea: At home parties, products are sold at wider
They could collect a wider range of samples.
someone’s home to friends and acquaintances of
2. Topic: The impact of the Apollo moon landings the host.
Main idea: The Apollo moon landings had a 3. d
significant impact on scientific and technological
Main idea: The Longaberger Company has used
development in the twentieth century. Key words
the home party to market its products
in the main idea: a significant impact successfully. Pattern: Cause/Effect
Supporting facts and ideas: Signal words Details
affected by Computer research was affected by Exercise 13, pages 129–131 the moon landings. 1. c 4. a 7. a 10. a 13. c pushing The space program 2. a 5. b 8. a 11. a 14. a pushed engineers to develop 3. b 6. c 9. a 12. b 15. c personal computers. Answer Key attributed to The invention of the Exercise 15, pages 132–133
Internet could be attributed to 1. contrasts 9. current
the Apollo program. motivation for Scientists and 2. distribute 10. factors
engineers were motivated to look for ways to 3. evident 11. recycle
communicate from computer to computer. 3. Topic: 4. inadequate 12. locate
The lack of water on the Moon Main idea: The lack of 5. supplement 13. phenomenon water on the
6. furthermore 14. exceeded 7. consumes 8. 15.
Moon limits exploration of the Moon. Key words underlying
in the main idea: lack of water, limits Pattern: considerable Problem/Solution 45 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 Answer
Main idea: Newton invented the reflector
Key Supporting facts and ideas: Problem: The lack
telescope because of problems with the
of water is a serious problem for future Moon refractor telescope.
exploration; for this reason, scientists are looking
Key words in the main idea: problems
for evidence of water on the Moon. Solution:
Pattern: Problem/Solution Supporting facts
Rockets are sent to crash into the Moon so that and ideas:
scientists can analyze the vapor and dust created by
Problem: Newton noticed that in Galileo’s
the crash to see if there is water.
refraction telescope, a ring of colors sometimes
4. Topic: Lunar craters Main idea: Lunar craters are
interfered with viewing. Solution: Newton
circular depressions that were created by the
designed the reflector telescope with a curved
impact of various objects on the surface of the
mirror that concentrated light and reflected it Moon. to the eyepiece.
Key words in the main idea: are
3. Topic: Large modern optical telescopes Main idea:
Pattern: Extended Definition
Today, there are a number of very large optical
Supporting facts and ideas:
telescopes built on hills or mountains in many
Explanation or description: Lunar craters are deep parts of the world.
holes visible from the earth. There are millions of
Key words in the main idea: a number of
lunar craters. Some are a few feet across; others
Pattern: Listing Supporting facts and
are many hundreds of kilometers across. They can ideas:
be surrounded by mountains. They remain Signal words Details
unchanged because the Moon has no atmosphere. For example
the world’s largest refracting Exercise 2, pges 144–147 telescope Another reflecting telescope on
1. Topic: The first optical telescopes Main idea: The Mount Palomar in
first optical telescope was invented in Holland in California
1608, but was not used successfully until Galileo an even larger reflecting telescope in the
developed his version in 1610. Key words in the Caucasus Mountains
main idea: first, 1608, until, 1610 Pattern: A fourth the Keck Telescope in
Sequence Supporting facts and ideas: Hawaii Signal words Details
4. Topic: Radio telescopes Main idea: Radio 1600s The first optical telescope
telescopes are similar to optical telescopes in
was invented in a Dutch optical
some ways, but they are different in important shop
ways. Key words in the main idea: similar, 1608
Hans Lippershey tried to sell his
different Pattern: Comparison/Contrast invention.
Supporting facts and ideas: Signal words Details
very different Radio telescopes look different from Also in 1608
Galileo made his version of the optical telescopes. device. instead
They do not collect light waves, 1610 Galileo used his telescope. but radio waves. 1611
He showed his device to guests distinctive appearance at a banquet. different They use different methods to
2. Topic: Newton’s invention of the reflector record information. telescope while Radio telescopes use radio
receivers to record radio waves, 46 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 not cameras to take photographs. Answer Key both
For both kinds, the larger the
telescope, the better it works. Exercise 3, pages 147–149
1. Pattern: Sequence (S) Missing sentence: b
2. Pattern: Problem/Solution (P/S) Missing sentence: a
3. Pattern: Sequence (S) Missing sentence: e
4. Pattern: Comparison/Contrast (C/C) Missing sentence: c Exercise 5, pages 151–152 1. a 4. a 7. b 10. a 13. a 2. c 5. c 8. b 11. a 14. c 3. b 6. a 9. c 12. b Exercise 6, page 153 Exercise 7, pages 153–154 1. exposed 2. motivate 3. availability 4. achievement 5. investigating 6. attribute (attributed) 7. potential 8. conducted 9. affected 10.environment 11.conclusive 12.vehicles 13.analyzed 14.impact
UNIT 5: Reading Longer Passages Effectively Exercise 1, pages 158–159 47 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 Topic: Human responses to disaster
Pattern: Sequence Supporting points (main Thesis statement: Psychologists
ideas): Paragraph 2: The first stage is have theorized that responses to
psychological numbness, shock, and confusion.
extreme natural and human-caused disasters occur
Paragraph 3: In the second stage, victims
awareness. Paragraph 4: In the Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
third stage, victims turn to each other. ac ab hie an ve do me n, nt aban ac do hie nv e — ac — hi — ev able — — — — — — Paragraph 5: The fourth stage abandonment affect, affectation affect affected, affecting ———
brings depression and letdown. adaptation, adapt adaptive, adaptable adaptively
Paragraph 6: In the final stage, an ad aly ap sis t ab ility analyze analytical analytically
victims adapt to the changes in attraw i ar buti e o ness n, a their lives. tt r ibute —— a — ttri bute aw a ar tt e ri butable, attributive — a — ttri — bu ti vely circumstance(s) availability ——— circumstantial circumstantially avail available ——— Exercise 4, pages 161–162 collaboration collaborate collaborative collaboratively conclusion conclude conclusive conclusively
Thesis statement: But does raising the eyebrows and community commune communal communally conduct conduct ——— ——— rounding the mouth say the consequence(s) ——— consequent, consequently,
same thing in Minneapolis as it environment ——— environmental environmentally consequential consequentially exposure expose exposed ——— coordinate, coordinate ——— ——— impact impact ——— ——— coordination investigation investigate investigative ——— ethic(s) ——— ethical ethically motivation motivate motivated ——— focus focus focused ——— pot fun e c nti ti al o n func —tio — n — fun pot cetio ntina al l fun pot cetio ntina all llyy ve i hincvlo e l v ement invo —lve — — in v v e o hi lcve ul d, i ar n volving ——— in five stages. phase phase phased ——— Exercise 2, pages 159–160 volunteer volunteer volunteer, voluntary voluntarily
Topic: Cultural universals in emotional expression continue to lack
Thesis statement: But does raising the eyebrows and
does in Madagascar? Much research
rounding the mouth say the same thing in Answer Key
Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much
on emotional expression has centered on such
research on emotional expression has centered on
questions. Pattern: Comparison/Contrast OR Listing such questions.
Supporting points (main ideas): Paragraph 2: All
(In some of the following exercises, there may be
people speak and understand substantially the same
more than one correct answer for the pattern.)
“facial language.” Paragraph 3: People everywhere Exercise 3, page 161
can recognize at least seven basic emotions, but
there are cultural differences in the rules about
Thesis statement: Psychologists have theorized that
displaying emotion. Paragraph 4: Young children
responses to extreme natural and human-caused
show and perceive emotions through facial
disasters occur in five stages.
expressions. Paragraph 5: There is a biological basis 48 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
to emotional expression. Paragraph 6: Culture can 2. circumstances 10. adapt to
influence certain emotional responses. 3. function 11. aware 4. community 12. involved Exercise 5, pages 162–163 5. undergone 13. collaborated
Thesis statement: Why are girls fighting more and 6. abandon 14. volunteer
what can we do to stop them? Pattern: 7. phase 15. consequences Problem/Solution 8. focuses (focused) on
OR Cause/Effect Supporting UNIT 6: Skimming
points (main ideas): Paragraph 2: Recently the Exercise 1, pages 170–172
roles of men and women have changed and tended to become more equal. 2. positive
Paragraph 3: Socializing girls like boys cause
girls to be more violent. Paragraph 4: The Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
entertainment media encourages girls to be
more violent. Paragraph 5: Factors such as comprehension comprehend comprehensive comprehensively
gun availability, poverty, and history of conviction convince convincing convincingly
abuse have not changed, so they are not
responsible for the increased violence. elimination eliminate ——— ———
Paragraph 6: Solutions used in schools in
the past on boys will not work with girls feature feature ——— ———
either. Paragraph 7: To find a solution, we innovation innovate innovative innovatively
have to examine the values of American
society and try to change it so it is less portion portion ——— ——— harmful to young people. promotion promote promotional promotionally Exercise 6, pages 163–164 source source ——— ———
Thesis statement: There are at least three statistic(s) ——— statistical statistically
different, but equally effective paths that
lead to psychological maturity for women. 3. yes Pattern: Listing
4. The reviewer is most interested in themessage of
Supporting points (main ideas): Paragraphs 3 and 4:
the film about the unhealthiness of McDonald’s
“Conservers” sought the security of marriage, family
food and about the poor eating habits of
life and traditional female occupations. Paragraphs 5 Americans in general.
and 6: “Achievers” cherished social recognition and
career advancement. Paragraph 7: “Seekers” valued Exercise 2, pages 172–174
unconventional pursuits, creativity and selfdiscovery. 1. negative 2. no Exercise 8, pages 166–167 1. c 4. b 7. a 10. b 13. a
3. The reviewer is most interested in thedirector’s 2. a 5. c 8. c 11. c 14. c 3. a
point of view and his very personal approach to
the subject, which the reviewer thinks is 6. b 9. a 12. a 15. b unscientific. Exercise 9, page 168
(Answers will vary for parts B and C.) Answer Key Exercise 10, pages 168–169 Exercise 3, pages 174–178 1. coordinate 9. ethics B. 49 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 1. yes 2. yes
6. Women receiving less prenatal care orlosing their
3. The higher number of premature births;the
jobs; cuts to nutrition programs; climbing poverty
higher rates of infant mortality among
rates; an increase in premature births.
AfricanAmericans and other ethnic minorities. 7. yes 4. yes 8. yes 5. yes
9. Disparities among racial and ethnicgroups.
Among African Americans, causes Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
include congenital abnormalities,
preterm/low birth weight, Sudden collapse collapse collapsible ———
Infant Death Syndrome, problems
related to complications of pregnancy, construction construct constructive constructively
and respiratory distress syndrome. core core ——— ———
Other causes include: behaviors,
lifestyles, and conditions that affect distinction distinguish distinct, distinctive, distinctively
birth outcomes such as smoking, distinguished,
substance abuse, poor nutrition, lack of dishtinguishable distinguishing
prenatal care, medical problems, and
chronic illness. (Answers will vary for emergence emerge emergent, emerging ——— parts C and D.) extraction, extract extract extractive ——— facilitation facilitate facilitating ——— Exercise 5, page 180 1. c. 4. c 7. c 10. a major, majority major major ——— 2. a 5. c 8. a 3. c 6. b 9. c position, pose pose ——— ——— regulation regulate regulation, regulatory ——— Exercise 6, page 181 ——— ——— virtual virtually Exercise 7, pages 181–182 Exercise 9, page 198 1. convince 6. innovate 2. source 7. comprehensive 3. statistics 8. promoter 4. portions 9. eliminated 5. feature 10. guidelines
UNIT 7: Study Reading Example, pages 183–184 Pattern: Sequence
Thesis statement: The pineapple has been cultivated
and enjoyed by humans for thousands of years.
Supporting points (main ideas): Paragraph 2: In the
fifteenth century, Europeans discovered the 50 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
pineapple and fell in love with it. Paragraph 3: In the 4. White women
sixteenth century, they brought pineapples from
Central and South America to other parts of the Exercise 8, pages 196–197
world. Paragraph 4: Pineapples remained a luxury
food until the early twentieth century, when they 1. c 4. b 7. a 10. b became more easily available. 2. a 5. a 8. c 11. a 3. c Answer Key 6. b 9. a 12. c Exercise 10, pages 198–199 Exercise 1, pages 185–186 1. distinction 7. emerged 2. regulated 8. constructed A. (Answers will vary.) B. Pattern: Sequence 3. virtually 9. core
Thesis statement: Before the 1950s, pizza was a 4.
posed 10. adjacent 5. facilitate 11.
purely Italian food with a long history in southern collapsed Italy. 6.
major 12. extract UNIT 8: Summarizing
Supporting points (main ideas): Paragraph 2: Pizza Exercise 1, pages 201–203
may have originated in Greece and then spread to Italy.
1. Main idea: Until recently, people have considered
Paragraph 3: Early pizza had no tomatoes because
wetlands to be land that was wasted and could be
there were no tomatoes in Europe until the sixteenth
put to better use. Pattern: Sequence Supporting
century. Paragraph 4: The classic pizza we know now
facts and ideas: Wetlands are areas of land
was invented in 1889 in Naples. Paragraph 5: Pizza
covered by water all or part of the year.
remained a southern Italian specialty until the 1950s
Throughout history, wetlands have been drained
and 60s, when it became popular in other parts of
and filled. Wetlands have been converted into Italy.
land that could be used for human activity. Now
Paragraph 6: Pizza is so common in so many
people are realizing that wetlands are valuable.
countries that its Italian origins are often forgotten. Answer Key Summary sentence: Throughout history,
Exercises 2–5, pages 187–191
wetlands were considered to be land that was (Answers will vary.)
wasted and could be put to better use for human
activity, but recently, people have begun to realize that wetlands are valuable. Example, pages 191–192
2. Main idea: From a biological point of view, 1. the Germans
wetlands are not wastelands at all, but are among
the most productive ecosystems in the world. 2. the Russians
Pattern: Extended Definition Supporting facts and 3. less than 5 percent
ideas: They contain an immense variety of animal 4. about 8 percent
and plant species. These species depend on the Exercise 6, pages 193–194
habitat of the wetlands for survival. Wetlands
have a rich mixture of water and organic 1. Hispanic women
material— detritus. This feeds many small 2. White men
animals, which attract other, larger animals that 3. African-American men
feed on them. Summary sentence: Wetlands are
very productive ecosystems, containing an 51 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
immense variety of animal and plant species that
floodwaters could spread out and be absorbed by
depend on the detritus (mixture of water and the wetlands.
organic material) in the wetland habitat. Exercise 3, pages 204–205 3.
Main idea: A comparison of the effects of a flood
in two cities has led city planners and politicians
Thesis: How could a tiny mosquito thwart the best
to recognize that wetlands are a valuable defense
efforts of a large group of wellfunded scientists?
against flooding. Pattern: Comparison/Contrast Pattern: Cause/Effect
Supporting facts and ideas: In 2006, a lot of rain
Summary of paragraph 1: In the 1960s, scientists
fell on two cities in Massachusetts, Haverhill, and
and WHO made a huge effort to eradicate
Newburyport. Haverhill suffered lots of damage
mosquitoes and malaria, using a pesticide called DDT,
from flooding, but Newburyport
but the effort failed and the plan was dropped.
did not. Both cities are built along the Merrimack
Summary of paragraph 2: A new type of pesticide
River. In Haverhill, the area along the river has
usually gives positive results at first, but then the
been developed and covered with buildings; in
insects become resistant to the pesticide and it
Newburyport, the area along the river has
becomes less effective. Summary of paragraph 3:
remained marshland (wetlands). Flood waters
Pesticide resistance is an example of how organisms
could spread out in the wetlands. Wetland plants
adapt to their environment through the process of
and soil absorbed water. In Haverhill, the water
natural selection and change over time.
could not spread out so it rose over the banks Summary paragraph: and flooded the city.
In the 1960s, scientists and WHO made a big effort to
Summary sentence: Wetlands are a valuable
eradicate mosquitoes and malaria using a pesticide
defense against flooding, as was demonstrated in
called DDT, but the effort failed and the plan was
Massachusetts in 2006, where the city of
dropped. A new type of pesticide usually gives
Haverhill flooded because its wetlands had been
positive results at first, but then the insects become
developed, but the city of Newburyport did not
resistant to the pesticide and it becomes less
flood because the floodwaters could spread out
effective. Pesticide resistance is an example of how
and be absorbed by the wetlands.
organisms adapt to their environments through the
process of natural selection and change over time. Exercise 2, pages 203–204 Summary paragraph: Exercise 4, pages 206–208
Throughout history, people have considered A.
wetlands to be land that was wasted and could be Answer Key
put to better use for human activity. However, in
Part 2: paragraphs 4 through 5
recent years, people have begun to realize that
wetlands are a valuable part of the environment for
Part 3: paragraphs 6 through 8
two reasons. First, wetlands are very productive
ecosystems, containing an immense variety of animal
Thesis: But what Spain has in abundance compared
and plant species that depend on the detritus
with northern European nations— apart from more
(mixture of water and organic material) in the
sun—is what the researchers in this study call social
wetland habitat. Second, wetlands are a valuable
support structures. Pattern: Cause/Effect Part 1—
defense against flooding, as was demonstrated in
Topic: A study of the prevalence of depression in
Massachusetts in 2006. The city of Haverhill flooded Europe
because its wetlands had been developed, but the
Summary sentence: One of the most striking results
city of Newburyport did not flood because the
of a study about the prevalence of depression in
Europe is the geographical distribution and the fact 52 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
that there is much less depression in Spain than in
advances, the first cities emerged, though these were
northern Europe. Part 2—Topic: Spain’s social small for various reasons. support structures
Part 2—Topic: The industrial city
Summary sentence: According to the study, Spain Pattern: Cause/Effect
has a lower rate of depression because it has more
Summary sentence(s): The Industrial Revolution of
social support structures; that is, families tend to stay
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to an
together and to help each other through problems.
increase in population, the displacement of people
Part 3—Topic: Examples of family solidarity from the
from rural to urban areas, and the development of
author’s experience Summary sentence: From his
the industrial city, which was larger, more densely
own experiences living in Spain, the author has
settled and more diverse than earlier cities.
learned about the importance of family ties in
Part 3—Topic: Metropolis and megalopolis Pattern:
Spanish daily life, and how they can help overcome
Extended Definition AND Sequence of Events Summary
negative feelings like anger and depression. B.
sentence(s): In the twentieth century, the automobile Summary paragraph:
allowed wealthier classes to move to the suburbs, so
One of the most striking results of a study about the
U.S. cities began to spread outward. Today most
prevalence of depression in Europe is the
Americans live in a metropolis (a large urban area that
geographical distribution and the fact that there is
includes a city and its surrounding suburbs), or even a
much less depression in Spain than in northern
megalopolis (an area in which many metropolises
Europe. According to the study, Spain has a lower merge). C.
rate of depression because it has more social Summary paragraph:
support structures; that is, families tend to stay
Because of technological advances that allowed
together and to help each other through problems.
farming about 10,000 years ago, people began to
From his own experiences living in Spain, the author
settle in villages. Then, with further advances about
has learned about the importance of family ties in
5,000 years ago, the first cities emerged, though
Spanish daily life, and how they can help overcome
these were relatively small for various reasons. The
negative feelings like anger and depression.
Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and Exercise 5, pages 209–211
nineteenth centuries led to an increase in
population, the displacement of people from rural to
(Textbook passages may contain complex ideas that do
urban areas and the development of the industrial
not fit easily into a one-sentence summary. Students
city, which was larger, more densely settled and more
should be as concise as possible and aim for one
diverse than earlier cities. In the twentieth century,
sentence, but may use two sentences if necessary.) A.
the automobile allowed wealthier classes to move to
Statement of purpose: We can identify three periods
the suburbs, so U.S. cities began to spread outward.
in their history: the preindustrial, industrial, and
metropolitanmegalopolitan stages. B. Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
Part 1—Topic: The preindustrial city
Pattern: Cause/Effect AND Sequence document, documentation document documentary ———
Summary sentence(s): Because of
technological advances that allowed dynamics ——— dynamic dynamically people to begin farming, they
settled into villages about 10,000 enabler enable enabling ———
years ago. Then, about 5,000 years estimate, estimation estimate estimated ———
ago, due to further technological fund, funding fund well-funded ——— predominance predominate predominant predominantly 53 ——— ——— subsequent subsequently transmission, transmittal transmit transmittable ——— lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
Today most Americans live in a metropolis (a large 1. a 4. b 7. a
urban area that includes a city and its surrounding 2. c 5. b 8. c 3. b 6. suburbs), or even a a 9. a Exercise 9, pages 214–215 Answer Key Exercise 10, page 215
megalopolis (an area in which many metropolises 1. transmitted 6. predominant merge). 2. funds 7. dynamics 3. subsequent 8. document Exercise 6, page 212 4. goal 9. estimated A. 5. enabled
Part 1—Topic: Research with infant monkeys UNIT 9: Critical Reading
Pattern: Cause/Effect Summary sentence(s): The Exercise 1, page 217
Harlows’ research on infant monkeys, whose
1. URL c. belongs to an individual because itincludes
behavior is similar to humans’, revealed that the
the name of a person “Jonathan James” and it
monkeys showed permanent negative effects after includes the word “blog.”
six months of social isolation. They suffered less
developmental harm if they received some physical
2. URL a. belongs to a newspaper called TheMirror;
contact (even artificial) or if the period was shorter.
URL b. belongs to the NHS, or National Health
Part 2—Topic: Isolated children
Service (Great Britain) in Kent and Medway; Pattern: Listing
URL d. belongs to CNN, the news organization.
Summary sentence(s): In two cases where children
3. URLs b. and d. probably provide
grew up in isolation (Anna and Genie), the children
reliableinformation. The Mirror is the web site
suffered similar damage to their social and mental
for the Daily Mirror, a British tabloid
development, and in spite of later socialization and
(sensationalist newspaper), so its information
care, the damage was permanent. These cases may be less reliable.
demonstrate the importance of social experience in
4. URLs b., c., and d. all include “pianoman” in the human development. B.
web address, so they probably include Summary paragraph: information about him.
Since researchers cannot subject human beings to
experimental isolation, they have studied monkeys Exercise 2, pages 218–220
and cases of isolated children. Research on infant Online article 1
monkeys, whose behavior is similar to humans’,
revealed that the monkeys showed permanent
1. Jonathan James probably wrote it.
negative effects after six months of isolation. They
2. No, it belongs to an individual because itincludes
suffered less developmental harm if they received
the name and the word “blog.”
some physical contact (even artificial) or if the period
3. Probably not, since it is someone’s pointof view.
was shorter. In two cases where children grew up in
isolation (Anna and Genie), the children suffered Answer Key
similar damage to their social and mental
development, and in spite of later socialization and
care, the damage was permanent. These cases 4. (Answers will vary.)
demonstrate the importance of social experience in
5. Yes, it could give an idea of how thisperson, and human development.
perhaps others, reacted to the story. Online article 2 Exercise 8, pages 213–214 54 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
1. Stephen Moyes and Jon Kaila Paragraph 1
2. Yes, because it includes “mirror.co.” “Co.”is an
1. The writer is in favor of laws that bansmoking in
abbreviation for “company.” public places.
3. You can’t tell from this information. Youwould
2. The writer uses phrases such as “at last,”
need to look at the home page of the web site
“destructive habit,” and “positive effect.”
and see whether it is a tabloid or a newspaper
3. (Answers will vary.) Paragraph 2
that publishes articles about serious news.
1. The writer does not think that fast food 4. (Answers will vary.)
isresponsible for Americans being overweight.
5. Yes. There may be useful information hereabout
2. The writer uses sentences such as “. . . wecan’t
the Piano Man, but since this newspaper tends
blame the restaurants,” “We should blame
to emphasize the sensational aspects of an
ourselves,” and “No one forces us to buy those event, hamburgers!”
you would need to check the information against 3. (Answers will vary.) other sources. Exercise 7, pages 228–229 Exercise 3, page 222 2. a. neutral
1. to persuade readers that performanceenhancing 3. a. biased b. against it drugs should be permitted
2. The language includes many phrases thatshow Exercise 8, pages 229–231
the author is trying to convince readers:
“perhaps we should,” “it might be better,” Article 1 “should be allowed,” and
1. The writer’s purpose is to inform. The article
“Maybe the answer is to . . .”
presents both sides, the tone and language is
neutral, and it ends with a quotation that gives a Exercise 4, page 223 neutral summary of the issue. 1. to entertain the reader
2. It describes an event (Weyco’s firing offour
workers) and explains how this sets a legal
2. The tone is informal, and the writer useslanguage
precedent that could raise important issues.
to catch your attention and make you laugh, as
for example, when he says “The stuff is like
3. The writer is mostly neutral since thearticle
kudzu,” or when he uses exaggerated language
presents both sides of the issue.
like “I find it appalling to sometimes get
4. The writer may have some bias in favor ofthe
responses within a minute . . .”
company policy because he/she quotes the
company president twice, but never quotes the Exercise 5, pages 224–225
workers or anyone on their side. A. Article 2
1. to persuade readers to buy this coffee 2. to
1. The writer’s purpose is to inform andpersuade at
inform readers about Fair Trade Certified coffee and
the same time. She presents both sides of the
indirectly to persuade them to buy it
issue, but she uses language that is clearly
3. to inform readers about the health aspects of intended to persuade readers. caffeine
2. It describes a trend (a number ofcompanies with
(Answers will vary for part B.)
bans against off-duty smoking) and the issues Exercise 6, pages 226–227
connected with it, emphasizing the fact that the 55 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 Answer Key Exercise 10, pages 234–235
smoking bans may not be legally acceptable
because they violate workers’ rights. 1. c 4. a 7. a 10. b
3. She is against the smoking bans. Thelanguage 2. a 5. c 8. b 11. a
includes many non-neutral words: “extreme 3. b 6. a 9. c 12. c
trend,” “troubling,” “crackdown,”
“zerotolerance,” “discriminating,” “class of Exercise 11, page 235 unemployable citizens,” “fear,” “control.”
4. The writer seems biased against thesmoking
bans. She presents more information and
quotations in support of people who are against the smoking ban. Article 3
1. The writer’s purpose is to persuade.Through the
tone and language, one can tell the writer is
against the ban and is persuading the readers that it’s wrong. Exercise 12, page 236
2. It argues against the new WHO policy ofnot 1. site 7. issues
hiring people who are smokers. 2. policy 8. random 3. precedent 9. discriminated Noun Verb Adjective Adverb 4. status 10. suspended challenge challenge challenging challengingly 5. violation 11. confirmed
6. challenge 12. submit Part 4: confirmation confirm confirmed ——— Reading Faster discrimination discriminate discriminating, ——— discriminatory
UNIT 1: Learning to Read Faster Exercise 2, page 243 issue issue ——— ———
(Answers may vary, but the phrases must precedent precede preceding ——— be meaningful.)
Archeologists have found / the randomization randomize random randomly
earliest known evidence / of a special
connection / between humans and cats. submission submit submissive submissively
/ Last month in Cyprus / they discovered suspension suspend suspended, suspenseful ———
the grave / of a 30year-old villager / who
died 9,500 years ago. / With the body, / violation violate ——— ———
they found / jewelry, seashells and other
3. The writer is clearly against the policy.The article
items. / Less than a meter (3 feet) away, / in another
includes strong negative language: “goes too far,”
grave / almost certainly / made at the same time, /
“in a worrisome way,” and “raids by the lifestyle
lay the bones / of a young cat. / police.”
Cat bones / have been found before / near early
4. The writer seems to be biased since he/sheonly
human settlements, / but scientists believe / they
presents one side of the issue.
belonged to wild cats. / These cats probably stayed /
around human villages / to catch the mice and rats / 56 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299
attracted by / the supplies of food. / The new find on C.
Cyprus, / however, / seems to indicate / that the cats 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. d
/ in this village / were tamed / and had some special
(Answers will vary for parts D–F.)
role / to play / in human activities / or a special
UNIT 2: New Technology and Its Impact
relationship / with certain individuals. / These bones Around the World
/ showed no signs / of having been butchered / for
eating. / And since they were / in the right places / in
the skeleton, / the animal / must have been buried /
soon after death; / otherwise, / the bones / would
have been taken / by other animals. / Answer Key
Other animals / were tamed before cats. / The
first dogs / (actually a type of wolf) / are known to
have lived with humans / as early as 15,000 years
ago. / Their importance / in early human settlements
/ is shown / by the evidence / of dog graves / from
12,500 years ago / in Israel. / The goat was probably
/ the first animal / to produce milk for humans, /
around 10,000 years ago. / But until now, / the first
evidence / of household cats / came from Egypt /
only 4,000 years ago. / The discovery / of the
skeleton / of this cat, / which had clearly / been
handled with care, / is very exciting / for archaeologists. / Exercise 3, page 244 A. 1. no 2. every year
3. children from the Park School in Roxbury 4. the marches 5. bouquets of flowers
(Answers will vary for part B.) Timed
Reading Example, pages 248–251 Answer Key 57 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299 lOMoAR cPSD| 40190299