AUT153 - Automobile Chassis Systems - Công nghệ thông tin | Đại học Hoa Sen

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Approach to Vehicle Dynamics, 9780750651127
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Powertrain,ChassisSystemand VehicleBody EditedbyDavidA.Crolla
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09 10 11 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents
Section1 INTRODUCTIONTOENGINEDESIGN .......... ..................... ............ ..... 1
1.1 Piston-enginescyclesofoperation .... ...... ......... ......... ........ ......... 3
Section2 ENGINETESTING .... . .... . .. . ... ... .... . . .. ... . .. .. .... . ... ... ... . .. . . .. . .. . .. 19
2.1 Measurement oftorque,power,speedandfuel consumption;acceptance
andtypetests,accuracyofthemeasurements . ..... ........ ................ . .... 21
Section3 ENGINEEMISSIONS .... . ... .. .. . ... ... .... .. .. ... ... . .... .... . . .. ... ... .... ... . 51
3.1 Emissionscontrol ................ ......... ........ ......... ............ .... 53
Section4 DIGITALENGINECONTROL .... .. .... ... . .. . . . .. .... .. ... .. .... . . .. ... ... ... .. . .. 75
4.1 Digitalenginecontrolsystems ........ ...... .............. .......... ........ .. 77
Section5 TRANSMISSIONS .. ... .. ... .. . ... ... .... . . .. ... . .. .. .. ... ... ... ... . .. . . .. . .. .. 105
5.1 Transmissionsanddriveline . ............ ... .............. .......... ....... .. 107
Section6 ELECTRIC VEHICLES .. .. ... .. . ... ... . . .. . . .. . . .. .... .. ... ... ... ... . .. .. . . .. . .. 141
6.1 Battery/fuel-cellEVdesign packages ..... ............ . ........ ........ ....... 143
Section7 HYBRIDVEHICLES .............................. ............................. . 173
7.1 Hybridvehicledesign ............. . ........ ........ ............... ...... ... 175
Section8 SUSPENSIONS .. .. .. . ... .. . ... ... .. ... . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... ... . . .. .... .. ... ... . 203
8.1 Typesofsuspensionand drive . ...... ...... .............. .......... ........ . 205
Section9 STEERING ... ..... ... .... ... .... ..... ..... ... .... ..... .... .... ... ..... ... ... 255
9.1 Steering .. ....................... ............... ...... ......... ........ . 257
Section10 TYRES .. .. .... .. ... .. .... ... . ... ... . .. . . ... ... . .. .. ... .... .... ... ... ... . .. . 283
10.1 Tyresandwheels ............. ....... ......... ....... ................. . ... 285
Section11 HANDLING ... .. .. ... ... ... ... . ... ... . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. .... ... .... .... .. ... .. . . 323
11.1 Tyre characteristicsandvehiclehandlingandstability . ....... ..... ........... .... 325
Section12 BRAKES .................... ............ ......................... ........... 359
12.1 Brakingsystems ..... ........... ............. .... ............ ......... ... 361 v CONTENTS
Section13 VEHICLECONTROLSYSTEMS .... . .. ... ... ... . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. .... ... . .. . ... ... .. . 391
13.1 Vehiclemotioncontrol . .. ........... .... ............... ....... ............ . 393
Section14 INTELLIGENTTRANSPORTSYSTEMS ............................. ......... ....... 417
14.1 Globalpositioningtechnology ......... ........... ....... ........ ............ 419
14.2 Decisionalarchitecture... ....... ........ ........ ......... .............. .... 437
Section15 VEHICLEMODELLING ....... ... . .. .. ... . ... . ... ... ... . .. .. .... ... . ... ... . .. .. . 473
15.1 Modellingandassemblyofthefullvehicle .... ............. .. .............. .... 475
Section16 STRUCTURALDESIGN .... .. . .... .... . . .. .... ... ... . . .. .... . . .. .... .. . .... .... . 525
16.1 Terminologyandoverviewofvehiclestructuretypes .. . ...... ........ ............ 527
16.2 Standardsedan(saloon) –baselineloadpaths . ....... ........ ...... ............ 542
Section17 VEHICLESAFETY ........................... ........................... ....... 567
17.1 Vehiclesafety ........ ......... ......... ........... ...... ........... ...... 569
Section18 MATERIALS .... ... . .. .. . . .. . .... .. ... .. . ... ... . . .. . . .. .. ... ... ... .... .... ... 591
18.1 Designandmaterialutilization .... ........ ............... .. .............. .... 593
18.2 Materialsforconsiderationanduseinautomotivebodystructures .............. .... 632
Section19 AERODYNAMICS ............. .......... ............................... ...... . 661
19.1 Body design:aerodynamics. . ............ . ....... ......... .............. .... 663
Section20 REFINEMENT . ............ ......................... ... ....................... 673
20.1 Vehiclerefinement:purposeandtargets ............ ..... ......... ............. 675
Section21 INTERIORNOISE ................................... ... ....................... 685
21.1 Interiornoise:assessmentandcontrol ...... ........... ...... ............. .... 687
Section22 EXTERIORNOISE ................................... .......................... 737
22.1 Exteriornoise:assessmentandcontrol ..... ....... ........... ...... ........... 739
Section23 INSTRUMENTATIONANDTELEMATICS ................................... ........ . 783
23.1 Automotiveinstrumentationandtelematics .. ........ ......... ...... ........... . 785
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 vi
SectionOne SectionOne SectionOne SectionOne SectionOne SectionOne Introduction toenginedesign 1
Thispageisleftintentionallyleftblank Chapter1.1 1.1 Piston-enginecycles ofoperation HeinzHeisler 1.1.1 Theinternal-combustion engine
Thepistonengineisknownasan internal-combustion
heat-engine.Theconceptofthepistonengineisthat
asupplyofair-and-fuelmixtureisfed totheinsideofthe
cylinderwhereitiscompressedand thenburnt.This
internalcombustionreleasesheatenergy which isthen
convertedintousefulmechanicalworkasthehighgas
pressuresgenerated forcethepistonto movealongits
strokeinthecylinder. Itcanbesaid,therefore,that
aheat-engineis merelyanenergytransformer.
To enablethepistonmovementtobeharnessed,the
drivingthrustonthepistonistransmittedbymeansof
aconnecting-rod toacrankshaft whosefunctionisto
convertthelinearpistonmotioninthecylinderto
arotarycrankshaftmovement(Fig.1.1-1).Thepiston
canthusbemadetorepeatitsmovementtoandfro,due
totheconstraintsofthecrankshaft crankpin’scircular pathandtheguidingcylinder.
The backward-and-forward displacement of the
Fig.1.1-1 Pictorialviewofthebasicengine.
piston isgenerallyreferredtoasthereciprocatingmotion
ofthepiston,sothesepower unitsarealsoknownas reciprocatingengines.
harnesstheworkinggases.Italsoprovidesajacketto containaliquidcoolant.
1.1.1.1 Engine components and terms Cylinderhead
Thiscastingencloses the combus-
tionendofthe cylinderblockandhousesboththeinlet
Themainprobleminunderstandingtheconstructionof
andexhaustpoppet-valvesandtheirportstoadmitair–
thereciprocatingpistonengineisbeingabletoidentify
fuelmixtureandtoexhaustthecombustionproducts.
andnamethe variouspartsmakingupthepowerunit. To
Crankcase Thisis acastrigid structurewhichsup-
this end, the following briefly describes the major
portsandhousesthe crankshaftand bearings.Itisusually
componentsand thenamesgivento them(Figs.1.1-1
castasamono-constructionwith thecylinderblock. and1.1-2). Sump
This isapressed-steelorcast-aluminium- Cylinderblock
Thisis acaststructurewithcylin-
alloy containerwhichenclosesthebottomofthecrank-
dricalholesboredtoguide andsupportthepistonsandto
caseandprovidesareservoirfortheengine’s lubricant.
VehicleandEngineTechnology,ISBN:9780340691861 Copyright
1998HeinzHeisler.All rightsof reproduction,inanyform,reserved.