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CÁC DẠNG MNH Đ
MNH Đ DANH T I. NH NGH Đ A
Mệnh đề danh từ là mệnh đề có thể đóng vai trò như một danh từ trong câu.
Ex: I don't understand what the teacher said.
→ Đặc điểm củ ệnh đề a m danh từ: Mệnh đề này thườ ắt đầ ng b
u bằng if, whether và các từ để hỏi như what, why, when, where, …và từ that.
II. CHC NĂNG CA MNH Đ DANH T
➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm chủ ngữ trong câu
Where/when/why/what/that…+ S + V + V (số ít).
Eg: That she comes late surprises me.
Why she is absent is nothing to me. When he leaves is up to me.
➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm tân ngữ sau động từ
S + V + what/ where/ when/why/ that……+ S + V
Eg: I don’t know what she wants.
They think that they are wrong.
Can you show me where they are now?
➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm tân ngữ sau giới từ
S + V/be adj+ prep+ where/what/ when/why/that….+ S + V.
Eg: Their decision depends on what they think.
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He is interested in how we could do that.
➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm b
ổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ
S + tobe + what/ where/when/why/that….+ S + V
Eg: The problem is where you are now.
The main point of the speech is why people should do the morning exercise.
III. MNH Đ DANH T RT GN
Mệnh đề danh ngữ có thể được rút gọn khi: – M danh ng ệnh đề
ữ đứng ở vị trí tân ngữ. – M danh ng ệnh đề
ữ và mệnh đề chính có chung chủ ngữ. Khi đó, mệnh đề danh ngữ được rút g n thành d ọ ạng: S + V + Wh…+ to V
Eg: She didn’t know how much coffee she had to make for the meeting. → e to make for the meeting.
She didn’t know how much coffe
MNH Đ TRẠNG NG 
Cc dạng mệnh đề trạng ngữ:
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ quan hệ tương phản/nhượng b ộ
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện
➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ so sánh
I. MNH Đ TRẠNG NG CH THI GIAN M
ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng:
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• Before, after: trưc, sau • as soon as: ngay sau khi, • while: trong khi, • when, as: khi,
• until/till: mãi cho đến khi, • once: khi mà, m i khi, ỗ • by, by the time: ngay khi ✓ Before/by/by the time:
Eg: I'll have finished my work you come back. by the time/before
I had finished my work before/by/by the time I went home.
= After I had finished my work, I went home. ✓ As soon as: Eg: I'll leave I finish my work. as soon as ✓ When/As/While ❑ C ch d 
ng của “when/as”: • When + QKĐ, QKĐ:
Eg: When I was young, I liked to eat ice-cream. • When + QKĐ, QKTD:
Eg: I was reading when he came. • QKĐ + when + QKHT
Eg: He came when everyone had left • When + HTĐ, TLĐ
Eg: When you become an adult, you will know the truth. ❑ Cách dùng while:
• while + HTTD, HTTD (while + QKTD, QKTD)
Eg: While we are studying, they are hanging out.
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I was learning while my father was watching TV. • While + QKTD, QKĐ
Eg: While they were having lunch, she said nothing to him.
➢ Lưu ý: Phân biệt giữa while và during
• While (Conjunction) + Clause
• During (Preposition) + Noun/V-ing
Eg: During lunch, she said nothing to him.
✓ Until/till + clause: cho ti khi
Eg: I'll wait here until you come back.
✓ Once + clause = when : m t khi ộ
Eg: Once I have finished my exercises, I'll go out.
✓ Not until/Only when/Only after + clause, inversion. Eg:
Only when he came into light, did I recognize him.
II. MNH Đ TRẠNG NG CH MC ĐC H
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích là mệnh đề xc định m ng c ục đích mà hành độ ủa mệnh đề chính xảy ra. M
ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích thường được bắt đầu bằng:
• so that; in order that (để mà); • lest (kẻo mà);
• for fear that ( vì sợ rằng) • so that; in order that:
Eg: She is studing hard so that/in order that she can pass the upcoming exam. ✓ Lest:
Eg: We left the house early lest we would miss the train. ✓ for fear that:
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Eg: I closed the window for fear that the baby should catch cold. ➢ Lưu ý: di
Để ễn tả chỉ mục đích chúng ta còn có thể s d ử ng các t ụ ừ hoặc c m t ụ ừ sau:
✓ in order to/so as to+ V.inf
Eg: She is studing hard in order to pass the upcoming exam.
✓ in order for sb/sth to do sth:
Eg: We prepare everything in order for them to finish the job quickly.
✓ With a view to V - ing/not V ing –
Eg: With a view to passing the upcoming exam, she is studying hard.
III. MNH Đ TRẠNG NG CH KT QU
Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả là những m b
ệnh đề ổ nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính bằng cách xc định kết quả.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả được bắt đầu bằng: ✓ so (vì vậy),
✓ so... that, such....... that (qu ... đến nỗi)
Eg: She had studied hard so she pass the exam successfully. ❖ Các c u trúc c ấ
ủa “so.... that” và “such.... that”
• S + tobe/verb + so + adj/adv + that + clause
Eg: The coffee is so hot that we can't drink it.
He swam so strongly that he won the first prize.
• S + tobe + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + clause Eg:
It is such hot coffee that we can’t drink it.
He was such a strong swimmer that he won the first prize. ➢ Lưu ý:
Vi cấu trúc “so … that” khi chuyển thành “such ...that” , ta biến động từ chính thành danh
từ, chuyển trạng từ thành tính từ.
Eg: He drives so carelessly that he has many accidents.
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→He is such a carless driver that he has many accidents.
• S + tobe + so + adj + a/an + singular noun + that + clause
Eg: It is so nice a dog that she always take it out for a walk. Vận dụng:
Eg: She types so careful that she never makes any mistakes.
→ She is such a careful typist that she never make any mistakes.
→ She is so careful a typist that she never make any mistakes.
• S +V+ so +many/few +plural noun +that +clause
Eg: She has so many friends that she can't remember their birthdays.
So few students registered for the class that it was cancelled.
• S + V + so + much/little + uncountable noun + that + clause Eg:
My mother has so little free time that she never watches TV at night.
They spent so much money that they got broken.
IV. MNH Đ TRẠNG NG CH NGUYÊN NHÂN M
ệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ ng b nguyên nhân thườ ắt đầu bằng: • Because: Bởi v • Since: Bởi v • As: Bởi v • For: Bởi v ✓ Since:
• Since + QKĐ, HTHT: Kể từ khi
• Since + HTĐ/HTTD, clause: Bởi vì
Eg: Since you’re in a hurry, we’d better start now. ✓ As:
• As + Clause = Like + N: gi ng ố
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Eg: As we’ve been married for 3 years, it’s time to think about having a baby. • Because = For + clause:
Eg: Because it rained heavily, the flight was delayed. ➢ Lưu ý:
1. Due to = because of (prep) + Noun: bi v
Eg: Because of the heavy rain, the flight was delayed.
Due to the fact that it rained heavily, the flight was delayed. 2. Thanks to sb/st Owing to sb/st
Eg: The baby is awake thanks to you and your shouting.
3. Seeing that/Now that: th y r ấ ng, gi ằ ờ thì
Eg: Seeing that/Now that it rained heavily, she stayed at home.
V. MNH Đ TRẠNG NG CH TH CC H ✓ As & Like: Như là • As + Mệnh đề:
Eg: When in Rome, do as Roman do. • Like + tân ngữ:
Eg: Do like me. (= Do as I do)
✓ Phân biệt Alike và Unlike: • Alike: gi ng nhau ố Eg: The twins look/are alike. • Unlike + noun:
Eg: Unlike other classmates, I chose to study French.
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✓ As if/As though: Câu giả định ( l như thể à)
Eg: He talks/is talking as if he were my father.
VI. MNH Đ TRẠNG NG CH S NHƯNG B/ N TƯƠNG PH
• While/Whereas + Mệnh đề 1, M 2 ệnh đề
Eg: He learns hard whereas his friends don't.
• Although/Though/Even though + M /PII (gi ệnh đề ảm m ) ệnh đề
Eg: Although published late, the book received great feedback.
Though it rained heavily, we came to class on time
• Despite/In spite of + Noun/V-ing, clause
Eg: Despite coming late, he wasn't punished.
Though it rained heavily, we came to class on time.
→ Despite the heavy rain, we came to class on time.
Lưu ý: Chỉ dùng được V - ing khi V - ing và mệnh đề có cùng ch ng ủ ữ. VII. CU TR I L C Đ P
✓ However + adj/adv + S + verb
Eg: However hard he tried, he failed the exam. ✓ Adj/adv + as + S + verb
Eg: However hard he tried, he failed the exam.
→ Hard as he tried, he failed the exam. ✓ No matter
• No matter how = however : dù thế a nào đi chăng nữ
Eg: No matter how hard he tried, he failed the exam.
• No matter who = whoever: cho dù bất k ỳ a i
Eg: No matter who you are, I still believe in you.
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= Whoever you are, I still believe in you.
• No matter what = whatever : dù bất cứ điều gì
Eg: No matter what happens, smile and pass it.
= Whatever happens, smile and pass it.
• No matter where = wherever: bất c ứ nơi đâu
Eg: No matter where/wherever you go, your family is still in your heart. ❖ M t s
ộ  v d luyện t p: (ch  ữa trong video)
1. ______ he always did well on his English tests, his parents were not surprised that he got an A. A. When B. While C. Whereas D. Since
2. _______ he thinks he's smart, he isn't. A. Although B. Because C. Despite D. As
3. The bridge was _________ low that the lorry couldn't go under it. A. so B. such C. too D. as
4. _________ she is late for the lesson, she gets bad mark for the essay. A. So that B. Because C. Although D. Because of
5. _______ she got uplate, she missed the train. A. Whenever B. So that C. Seeing that D. Owing to
6. The man died ________ he got a serious disease. A. as B. although C. where D. despite
7. They stared at me ________ I were a very strange person. A. as if B. so that C. although D. despite
8. The librarian arranges the books according to their content _______ people can find them easily. A. so that B. since C. when D. whereas
9. You should say goodbye to your brother __________ you leave for Europe
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10. Many people gathered in front of the building ___________ they could see the President clearly. A. as if B. where C. in order that D. because
11. He doesn't understand ____________ he doesn't speak French very well A. although B. thanks to C. despite D. because
12. _______ chatting online can be beneficial, it is certainly not the same as real interaction with human beings. A. Where B. Because C. Although D. No matter how
13. She signed the contract _________ she found somes points that she was till confused A. although B. because C. as if D. despite
14. Her company was bankrupt _________ the country suferred from the Economic crisis. A. because B. so that C. although D. whereas
15. It was raining __________ they were discussing about the solution to the problem of air pollution. A. before B. while C. still D. whereas
16. _______ the exercises are very hard, they still do well. A. Because B. Even though C. So that D. Seeing that
17. I want to see him _________ he comes back. A. but B. as if C. as soon as D. only after
18. I will keep studying hard_______ I pass the exam. A. because B. until C. wherever D. in order to
19. The situation is quite serious; just _______ we heard yesterday. A. like B. as C. as if D. alike
20. John and Paul are so _______ that people are always confusing them. A. alike B. unlike C. like D. dislike
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