00:02 29/7/24 Answers-WITH- Explanations
Earth’s Inner Core May Be Changing Speed
A recent study suggests that the rate at which the Earth's center is turning is
slowing down compared to the outer parts of the planet.
Earth scientists, or geologists, say that the center or core of the Earth can
rotate, or turn, at a different rate than the outer areas.
The latest research appeared in the scientific publication Nature Geoscience.
The writers of the research are Xiaodong Song and Yi Yang of China's Peking
University in Beijing. They used information about seismic waves from earthquakes to study the core.
Earth's inner core is a ball of hot iron that is a little smaller than the Moon.
Because it floats in the liquid metal of the outer core, it can spin at a different
speed than the rest of the planet.
In the 1930s, scientists discovered the Earth's core by studying changes in the
speed of seismic waves as they traveled through the planet. The changes in
speed showed that the core was a solid center made mostly of iron.
The new research by Song and Yang studied what they called "repeated
seismic waves from the early 1990s." They looked for changes in the amount of
time seismic waves take to travel over the same paths inside the Earth.
The scientists suggest changes in the spin of Earth's core can explain the changes in travel times.
"We believe the inner core rotates, relative to the Earth's surface, back and
forth, like a swing," they told The French news agency AFP. They added that its
relative rotation changes about once every 35 years.
They also said these changes correspond with very small changes in "length
of day"—the exact amount of time it takes for Earth to rotate on its axis. Different research results
In June 2022, John Vidale and Wei Wang, Earth scientists at the University of
Southern California (USC), published a study in Science Advances.
They reported that between 1969 and 1971 the core rotated more slowly than
the outer layers. They also said that after 1971, the core rotated faster than the about:blank 1/6 00:02 29/7/24 Answers-WITH- Explanations
outer layers. In their study, Wang and Vidale used data on seismic waves from nuclear test explosions.
Earth scientists say the Earth's core is difficult to understand and study. They
disagree about how much, and how often, the spin might change. Some
scientists argue that the speed of the spin does not change at all. They say the
changes in seismic waves are caused by changes on the surface of the inner core
instead of differences in how fast the core is spinning.
Hrvoje Tkalcic is a geophysicist at the Australian National University. He
thinks scientists will disagree about the latest research.
He compared seismologists, who study earthquakes and seismic waves, to
doctors "who study the internal organs of patients' bodies using imperfect or
limited equipment." He added: "Our image of the inner Earth is still blurry."
Song and Yang said scientists need years of seismic data to answer questions about Earth's core.
Vidale of USC said, "Something's happening and I think we're going to figure
it out. But it may take a decade." I'm Andrew Smith.
Andrew Smith adapted this story for Learning English based on reporting from Agence France-Presse ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS
Questions 1-4: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Original Paraphrased statements
A recent study suggests that the
A recent study suggests that the slower
rate at which the Earth's center is Earth's center is turning at a slow rate
turning is slowing down compared to compared to the planet's outer parts. the outer parts of the planet. TRUE about:blank 2/6 00:02 29/7/24 Answers-WITH- Explanations
Geologists say that the center of the
Earth scientists, or geologists, say
that the center or core of the Earth can Earth can spin at a rate that differs
rotate, or turn, at a different rate than from that of outer space. Outer space sao mà quay the outer areas. NOT GIVEN
được? nên thay đổi thông tin
để câu chắc chắn là NG. The geological journal Nature
The latest research appeared in the scientific publication
Nature Geoscience published the newest Geoscience. research. NOT GIVEN
The authors of the research are
The writers of the research are
Xiaodong Song and Yi Yang of Xiaodong Song and Yi Yang of
China's Peking University in Beijing. China’s Peking College in Beijing.
They used information about seismic Information about seismic waves
waves from earthquakes to study the core.
from earthquakes was used to study
the core. cần làm câu ngắn g n l
ọ ại, hoặc ch n 1 câu thôi, ọ
ko dài dòng. College c ng ko h ũ ẳn là contrast với FALSE university
Questions 5-8: Gap filling (No more than 3 words) Original Paraphrase Answer Earth's inner core is a ball Earth’s inner core - a hot of hot iron that is a little iron ball - is not as big as smaller than the Moon. the Moon. Because it floats in the
Instead of standing still, the liquid metal liquid metal of the outer inner core is able to rotate core, it can spin at a at a certain velocity and its different speed than the velocity may be faster or rest of the planet. slower than the remaining of the planet since it wanders in the (5) …. of about:blank 3/6 00:02 29/7/24 Answers-WITH- Explanations
the outer core. câu này diễn đạt dài dòng quá,khó hiểu cho ng nghe In the 1930s, scientists By researching variations discovered discovered the Earth's in the rate of seismic waves core by studying changes as they took a trip through
câu diễn đạt dài dòng, sai ng pháp, t ữ ừ cần i
đ ền sau were able to phải là đ ng ộ in the speed of seismic the planet, there was a
từ nguyên thể chứ ko phải có +ed waves as they traveled group of researchers in the through the planet 1930s were able to (6) … the Earth's core. The changes in speed The variations in rate a solid center showed that the core was indicated that the core was a solid center made (7) … made mainly of iron. mostly of iron. The new research by Song and Yang’s most Song and Yang studied recent investigation called what they called "repeated seismic waves "repeated seismic waves from the early 1990s.” from the early 1990s. They looked for changes Song and Yang sought amount of time in the amount of time variations in the (8) … seismic waves take to seismic waves take to
travel over the same paths travel on the same orbit inside the Earth within the Earth.
Questions 9-12: Matching information Explain Paraphrased statements The scientists suggest changes in the spin of 1. The alterations in the D. is the condition for travel Earth's core can explain the rotation of Earth's core
times adjustments. paraphrase ko changes in travel times. đúng ý about:blank 4/6 00:02 29/7/24 Answers-WITH- Explanations "We believe the inner core rotates, relative to the Earth's surface, back and H. corresponds to the internal 2. The Earth's surface forth, like a swing," they spins. told The French news
Ý diễn đạt chưa úng ý câu g đ c
ố . ngoải ra cần phải diễn đạt thêm ý "they told agency AFP.
AFP" nếu ko sẽ tưởng là câu c a
ủ nhà báo viết bài này, They added that its 3. The inner core relative relative rotation changes rotation changes with F. The scientists said. about once every 35 years. 35-years-circulation, đang logic là c t ộ trái là ch ng ủ , c ữ t
ộ phải là vế sau của câu mà. They also said these changes correspond with very small changes in 4. These alterations relative B. which is the precise to micro changes in
duration of the Earth's rotation "length of day"—the exact "length of day" on its axis. amount of time it takes for Earth to rotate on its axis.
ghép vào ko thành câu. paraphrase ko gi ng câu g ố c ố E. result in changing time travels. G. is opposite to the Earth's core swings. C. The French news agency AFP added. A. are related to the Earth's core rotates.
Questions 13-16: Answer the questions (No more than 4 words and/or a
number) (nên để NO MORE THAN 3WORDS thôi)
13. What are John Vidale and Wei Wang's occupations? (Earth scientists)
14. When did the outer layers start to revolve slower? about:blank 5/6 00:02 29/7/24 Answers-WITH- Explanations
(after 1971) the core rotated faster than the outer layers
15. Where did information about seismic waves come from? hiểu nhầm ý câu g c ố . seismic waves
from nuclear test explosions chứ ko
phải information from nuclear test...
(nuclear test explosions) Wang and Vidale used data on seismic waves from nuclear test explosions.
16. According to Earth scientists, how adjustments in seismic waves are caused?
(changes on the surface) the changes in seismic waves are caused by changes on the surface of the inner core 4 t nà ừ y c ng di ũ ễn đạt ko đ ý, ph ủ
ải thêm of the inner core n a ữ mới đ ý. vì ủ vậy nên thay câu h i ỏ khác
Questions 17-20: Multiple Choices Question xem nhận xét bên bản in
17. A - Vì renounce -> disagree, newest explore -> latest research ( He thinks
scientists will disagree about the latest research.)
18. B - Vidale of USC said, "Something's happening and I think we're going to
figure it out. But it may take a decade. 10 years = decade
19. B - visualization of Earth’s core is still undercover. = Our image of the inner
Earth is still blurry ( Hrvoje Tkalcic said)
20. A - Vidale of USC said, "Something's happening and I think we're going to
figure it out. But it may take a decade." giải thích câu này ko liên quan about:blank 6/6