31 Reading the News 1 UNIT 2 Climate Change PRE-READING TASKS
1. Look at the words and check that you understand the meaning. With a partner,
group them into different categories and think of a name for each category. PLJUDWH PDWH ¿QGIRRG SUHGDWRUV PDPPDOV SUH\ birds hunt move leave have offspring caribou tundra rainfall snowfall sea ice temperature
2. Do you know 5 types of animals and their typical features? What are the reasons for
animals to migrate? Share your understanding with your friend. READING FOCUS
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uses linking words or discourse markers to show the connection between what has al
ready been said and what is going to be discussed.
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2. Match the words above with the following uses of discourse markers or linking words.
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Arctic Animals’ Movement Patterns are Shifting In Different Ways as the Climate Changes %\6R¿H%DWHV       November 30, 2020 1
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balancing act. Seasonal cues, such as
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warmer spring temperatures or cooler
massive study on caribou populations, and
temperatures in the fall, tell animals when
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to migrate, when to mate, and when and predator and prey species.
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birds and mammals alike follow this 5
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a few days or weeks could have unknown
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impacts on these animals and ecosystems.
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are already starting – although the shifts
started about half a day earlier each year
differ between species and populations –
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according to a new study published Nov.
years to cause a shift of nearly two weeks.
 LQ Science that was funded in part by
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was more pronounced for adult eagles than
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be missing out on the mating season or the
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adults may be reaching their summering
studies tracking nearly a hundred species
grounds before their food sources.
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However, the researchers don’t know
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animals’ movement patterns are shifting in
different animal species, populations, or
different ways, which could disrupt entire
individuals. For example, in the caribou ecosystems.
study, it appeared that certain caribou
populations were adapting to the changes 3
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we’ll likely see some species, individuals,
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engineer at Ohio State University in
change and others harmed by climate
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is showing that something big is going on,”
turning green in some places and brown in H[SODLQHG%RKUHU
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these changes, they’re responding quickly, 7
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are pregnant in the winter, and raise their 33 Reading the News 1
young in the spring when food is abundant;
by higher temperatures and increased
this schedule is tightly coordinated with
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precipitation in the form of rain and snow
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where things are shifting more rapidly due
to climate change – were having offspring 9
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earlier to coincide with the changes in
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their environment, suggesting that these
more when summer temperatures are higher
populations are adapting to climate
while others move less, moose and wolves
change. However, the southern caribou
move less in winters with higher snowfalls,
populations that are experiencing less
and increased summer rain didn’t seem to
rapid environmental changes had offspring
change movement patterns for any species.
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offspring was also affected by the elevation
to respond to climate change differently
of the population’s home range(OHYDWLRQ
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between predators and the prey they hunt
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elevation models that is funded in part by
mismatch, researchers will need to continue 1$6$ monitoring these populations. 8
Lastly, the researchers used data from 10
“More and more, the ecosystem that
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should be tightly coordinated is getting out
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caribou, moose and wolves – are affected 34 Reading the News 1 UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Choose the best answer A, B or C for the following questions.
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1. Focus on prepositions0DWFKWKHSKUDVHVLQWKH¿UVWFROXPQZLWKWKHZRUGVRUSKUDVHV
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expressions can be found in the article. One of them has been done for you EHWZHHQ  ZLWK IURP WR  RQ  E\
WKHVKLIWVGLIIHU BBBBBBBBBBBBBB a. climate change
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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB d. predators and the prey EHQH¿WWLQJ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB e. species and populations FRRUGLQDWHG
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB f. three examples FRLQFLGH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB g. these changes 8. a mismatch
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB h. environmental patterns
2. Make sentences.&UHDWH\RXURZQVHQWHQFHVZLWKVRPHRIWKHH[SUHVVLRQVLQ([HUFLVH 35 Reading the News 1 EXAM PREPARATION TASKS
1. Words and phrases explanation
Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article. a. more pronounced
…………………………………………………………………………………………… b. missing out
…………………………………………………………………………………………… c. home range
…………………………………………………………………………………………… d. funded in part
…………………………………………………………………………………………… e. getting out of whack
…………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Comprehension questions
Read the article and answer the following questions.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. What causes mismatch between predators and the prey?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………… DISCUSSION PROMPTS
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 6KRXOGKXPDQEHLQJVEHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUFOLPDWHFKDQJH" 36 Reading the News 1 EXTRA READING
Global-scale Animal Ecology Reveals Behavioral
Changes in Response to Climate Change
By Maryland University November 5, 2020 1
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animal movement studies, an international
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team including University of Maryland
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biologists found that animals are responding
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in unexpected ways to climate change.
animal ecology is not traditionally studied
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across landscapes that span entire regions
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of the globe, and also because the necessary
an enormous region that is experiencing
data are collected by a variety of agencies
some of the most dramatic effects of global
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warming, including animal declines.
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researchers used it to conduct three case
his collaborators spent years building
studies that revealed surprising patterns
relationships with scientists from national,
and associations between climate change
regional and First Nations governments
and the behavior of golden eagles, bears,
and research groups throughout the
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demonstrates both the feasibility and
data in a global repository that they call
importance of studying animal ecology on
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describing the archive and case studies
contributions from researchers from over
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WKHMRXUQDOScience.
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shows what you can learn from comparing
terrestrial and marine animal tracking
data across populations on a very large
studies representing more than 8,000
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research scientist in UMD’s Department
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would say this is an early example of what
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we might call global animal movement
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ecology. We’re increasing our ability to
distance migrating caribou are giving birth
monitor the pulse of animal populations
earlier in the spring, roughly tracking rates
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questions about what it means.”
mountain and lowland woodland caribou
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showing similar changes. While the drivers
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of these differences remain a mystery,
cover have revealed important information
understanding their behavior is critical 37 Reading the News 1
to anticipating how they will respond as
seen through decades of movement data
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and may have implications for breeding
populations continue to decline. success. 7
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the University of Washington looked at
“On the one hand, it can be better to give
the movement speeds of bears, caribou,
birth earlier, as it gives the calves more
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opportunity to grow during the summer
His study showed that species respond
season. On the other hand, giving birth
differently to seasonal temperatures and
too early may mean you literally don’t
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have time to reach the optimal calving
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processes, like birth, at such a large scale,
across populations and subspecies and
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over millions of square kilometers, is
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unprecedented for a species in such a remote
for answers to pressing questions about
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whether and how animals are responding to
patterns that we would not have suspected,
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and point to further lines of inquiry about
continues to expand as more data comes in
everything from caribou evolution to their
from currently tracked animals and more
ability to adapt to environmental changes researchers add their studies. moving forward.”
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to study caribou were also used for another
we can get a sense of how animals and
case study led by his collaborators.
environments are really interacting across
species and across space as the environment 9
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* Materials provided by University of
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Maryland. Content may be edited for style
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immature birds migrating north in the spring
arrived earlier following mild winters,
Journal Reference:
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Sarah C. Davidson et al. Ecological
shift for young birds varied in response
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insights from three decades of animal
movement tracking across a changing
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Arctic. Science, 2020 DOI: 10.1126/
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related behavior changes could only be science.abb7080 Extra Reading Tasks
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