Giáo trình Writing 3 - Level 3 - English | Đại học Duy Tân

WRITING 3
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ
BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN GIÁO TRÌNH VIẾT 3 WRITING - Level 3 ĐàNẵng, năm 2013 LƯU HÀNH N ỘI BỘ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of contents
Chapter 1: WRITING SENTENCES 2
Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses (Who, What, Which- as the Subject) 3
Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2 (Who, What, Which- as the Object) 9
Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3 (Whose + Quantity & Quality) 14 Lesson 4: Noun Clauses 19 Lesson 5: Passive Voice 25 Lesson 6: Reviews 31
Chapter 2: RESPONDING TO AN E-MAIL REQUEST LETTER 34
Lesson 7: Giving “How to” instructions (1) 35
Lesson 8: Giving “How to” instructions (2) 39 Lesson 9: Writing directions 43 Lesson 10: Inquiries 46
Lesson 11: Responding to inquiries 50
Chapter 3: WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY 54
Lesson 12: Writing general introductory sentences 55
Lesson 13: Writing a complete introductory paragraph 58
Lesson 14: Giving reasons and examples 60
Lesson 15: Developing key ideas by giving reasons and examples 63 2
CHAPTER 1 WRITING SENTENCES
Lesson 1: Adjective Clauses 1
(Who, What, Which - as the Subject)
Lesson 2: Adjective Clauses 2
(Who, What, Which - as the Object)
Lesson 3: Adjective Clauses 3
(Whose + Quantity & Q uality) Lesson 4: Noun Clauses Lesson 5: Passive Voice Lesson 6: Review 3
LESSON 1: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 1 (WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS THE SUBJECT) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
A relative pronoun can be the subject of its own clause.
 Subject Relative Pronouns: who, which, that
American football, which is the most popular sport In the UnitedStates, began at HarvardUniversity.
In this pattern, who, which, and that can be either singular or plural. Make the verb agree with the antecedent.
I have not read the magazine that is lying on the coffee table.
(The verb is lying is singular to agree with the singular antecedent magazine.) I
have not read the magazines that are lying on the coffee table.
{The verb are lying is plural to agree with the plural antecedent magazines.) 
Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary).
Restrictive (necessary): no commas
The professor who teaches my biology class won a Nobel Prize two years ago.
Nonrestrictive (unnecessary): commas
Professor Jones, who teaches my biology class, won a Nobel Prize two years ago. The
following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence
containing a subject pattern adjective clauses. For People Restrictive
People save time and energy. They use microwave ovens. who, that
People who use microwave ovens save time and energy. People
that use microwave ovens save time and energy. Nonrestrictive
Microwave cooking is not popular with most professional chefs. Professional Who
chefs say that fast cooking does not allow flavors to blend.
Microwave cooking is not popular with most professional chefs, who say that
fast cooking does not allow flavors to blend. For Animals and Things Restrictive
Ovens are capable of cooking food quickly. They use microwave energy. Ovens That
that use microwave energy are capable of cooking foods quickly. Nonrestrictive
An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves. Microwaves cook by Which
agitating the water molecules in food.
An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves, which cook by agitating
the water molecules in food.
- You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when:
1. they are followed by a prepositional phrase.
Ex1: The man who is in the house is my father.
 The man in the house is my father. 4
Ex2: The books that are on the desk are mine
 The books on the desk are mine.
2. the main verb in the relative clause is progressive.
Ex1: The man who is swimming in the lake is my father.
The man swimming in the lake is my father.
Ex2: The books that are lying on the floor are mine.
 The books lying on the floor are mine. 3. the main verb in tenses
Ex1: People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo.
 People buying lottery tickets are often found at bingo.
Ex2: The bus which leaves at 6:03 was late today, so I caught the 6:08 one for downtown.
 The bus leaving at 6:03 was late today. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Combine the two sentences. Add commas if necessary.
1) She loves books (the books have happy endings).
She loves books which/that have happy endings.
2) They live in a city (the city is in the north of England).
They live in a city which / that is in the north of England.
3) The man is in the garden (the man is wearing a blue jumper).
The man which/ that is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden
4) Anyone must have a logical mind. He or she wants to be a computer programmer
Anyone who wants to be a computer programmer must have a logical mind.
5) Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling. English spelling is not always consistent with its pronunciation. .
6) Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling which /that is not always consistent with its pronunciation. .
7) The fruit is on the table which The fruit isn’t fresh.
The fruit is on the table which isn’t fresh. ..
8) While he lectured, he showed us a slide. The slide diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA.
While he lectured, he showed us a slide that / which diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA.
9) Words in English are often difficult for foreigners to pronounce. They begin with the consonants
Words in English that begin with the consonants are often difficult for foreigners to pronounce.
2. Reduce the relative clauses
1.The man who is standing there is a clown.
The man standing there is a clown
2.The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3.Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of
many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives. 5
4.My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house.
6.The student don’t know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.
The student don’t know how to do exercise given by the teacher yesterday
7.Joggers who will run in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up.
Joggers running in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up.
8.A person who does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better.
A person doing at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better. C- PRACTICE IN TOEIC I. Language building
a-Give some words which may be used to describe pictures 1-3. Compare with your friends b-
Complete the following about pictures 1-3 with the suitable words Picture 1
1. The man who is holding a suitcase is
shaking hands with the receptionist
2. The man who stands behind the counter is
shaking hands with the customer Picture 2 3. Th
e women sitting at the table are trying to reach an agreement.
4. The women who are trying to reach an
agreement try to reach an agreement. 6 Picture 3
5. There are buildings on the side of the river
which have many people living in the city.
6. People are walking along the path which has
buildings on the side of the river. II. Tactic Practice
1. Put the words in the correct order Picture 1
1. The/ searching/ guard/ is/ the/ apart/ his/ arms/ man/ who/ has.
The man who has arms apart is searching his by the guard
2. The /raising/ man/ who/ arms/ is/ his/ is/ the guard/ searched/ by.
The man who is raising his arms is searched by the guard. Picture 2 3.
Some/ listening to/ people/ a pen/ man/ are/ the/ holding/ who is.
Some people are listening to the man who is holding a pen. 4.
The/ the left/ a presentation/ man/ on/ is/ making.
The man who is on the left is making a presentation 7 Picture 3 5.
The/ reading/ man/ sits/ a / the shelf/ book/ next to.
… the man who is reading a book is sitting next to the shelf 6.
The/ book/behind /shelf/ reading/ man/ is/ the/ who/ is/ a
the man who is reading a book is behind the shelf
2. Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
1. stand/ wall/ conversation The man and the woman who are conversing together are standing beside the wall.
3. building/ locate/ river the houses which are
building on the side of the river are beautifully located 2. wait/ want/ line
The people who are waiting to buy are lining up in a line 8 III.Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can
change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. water/ boat map/ look
1. The boat which is on the water is a yacht 2. The people who are sitting in their car looking at the map. Hat / the same stand/ across
3 The hats which are on the table are the same
4. The man who standing across is looking at the woman 9 woman/ hold teacher/ explain
5. The woman who is holding a cup is using the
6. the man who is explaining computer
something on the board is the teacher.
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LESSON 2: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 2 (WHO, WHAT, WHICH- AS THE OBJECT) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
A relative pronoun can be an object in its own clause.
Object Relative Pronouns whom, which, O S V that, 0 (no
The address that he gave me was pronoun)
Note: You can omit that in object pattern clauses only. 10
Ex: The address (that) he gave me was incorrect.
The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence
containing an object pattern adjective clause For People Restrictive
The professor is chair of the English Department. You should see the
whom, that, 0 professor.
The professor whom you should see is chair of the English Department.
The professor that you should see is chair of the English Department. (informal)
Nonrestrictive The professor Dr. White is an ecologist. You met Dr.White in my office. Whom
you should see is chair of the English Department.
Dr. White, whom you met in my office, is an ecologist. For Animals and Things Restrictive
The book was written in German. The professor translated the book. The that, 0
book that the professor translated was written in German.
The book the professor translated was written in German.
Nonrestrictive Environmental science is one of the most popular courses in the college. which
Dr. White teaches environmental science.
Environmental science, which Dr. White teaches, is one of the most
popular courses in the college. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. The movie was interesting. We went to it.
 the movie to which we went to it was interresting.
2. I met the people. You told me about them.
 . I met the people about whom you told me.
3. I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.
 I couldn’t understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone.
4. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night.
 I want to tell you about the party to which I went last night
5. The music was gentle. We listened to it last night.
 The music to which we listened last night was gentl
6. Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them. 11
 Alice likes the foreign family with whom she is living .
…………………………………………………………………
7. The market has refresh vegetables. I usually go to it.
 The market to which I usually go has refresh vegetables.
8. The man is over there. I told you about him.
 The man is over there about whom I told you.
9. The film is fantastic. They are talking about it.
 The film about which they are talking is fantastic.
10. She’s the nurse. We gave the flowers to her.
 She’s the nurse to whom we gave the flowers to her.
11. We are speaking to the man. The man was our new history teacher.
 The man to whom we are speaking was our new history teacher .
12. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year.
 The teacher with whom we studied last year is Mr. Pike .
13. We are very interested in the problem. It has been discussed in class.
 We are very interested in the problem which has been discussed in class .
14. Lung cancer is very dangerous. Million of people died of it.
 Lung cancer of which million of people died is very dangerous
15. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from the window.
 I like standing at the window from which I can see the park C-PRACTICE IN TOEIC I. Building language Picture 1
1. The kid is trying to reach the cookie plate
which his mother …………...
2. The cookie plate that the boy is trying to reach looks ……….. Picture 2
3. They are talking about the food that
they ………. for lunch.
4. The lunch that they are eating is …………….. 12 Picture 2 Picture 3
5. The building that they are visiting is …………….
6. They are coming to the building II. Tactic Practice
which many tourists ……………….every year.
1. Reorder the words to complete sentences Picture 1
1. clothes/ he/ The/ dirty/ which/ put/ basket/ in/ the/ are
the clothes which he put in the basket are dirty.
2. The/ needs/ clothes/ wash/ that/ he/ to/ basket/ are/ in/ the 13
The clothes that he need to wash are in the
The man is fixing the bicycle that he often uses. basket.
4. The bicycle/ yesterday/ fixing/ that/ broke down/ they/ are.
3. The man/ is/ bicycle/ fixing/ often/
The bicycle that they are fixing yesterday broke the/ that /he/ uses. down. 14 Picture 3 5.
The car/ is waiting/ that/ driving/ the traffic/ the woman/ is/ for.
The woman that is driving the car is waiting for the trafic. 6.
The/ looks/ bored/ woman/ traffic/ at/ has to/ the/ that/ she/ wait.
The woman that has to wait the traffic looks bored.
2. Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words 1. gloves/ warm/ that
3. grandmother/ lucky money/ give
1. The gloves that the woman is wearing are warm . 3. The grandmother is holding lucky money
which she is giving her grandchildren
2. Christmas/ party/ happy. They are joining the Christmas party that they are very happy. III. Test practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each
picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence. You can change
the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. 1. street/ repair 4. cheap/ look
The street that lots os worker are repairing has not been done. The skirt at which the girl is looking is a cheap skirt. 2. tree/ decorate 5. modern/ building
2. The tree which two people are decorating looks colorful. 4.The building in which people are living is a modern building. 3. buy/ car 6. volunteer/ teach
3. The red car that the salesperson introduces is bought by the couple. 6.The volunteer who is teaching the boy looks kind.
LESSON 3: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 3 (WHOSE +
QUANTITY & QUALITY) A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Possessive pronoun “whose”
In possessive adjective clauses, the relative pronoun whose replaces a possessive word such as
Mary’s, his, our, their, the company’s, or its. Possessive adjective clauses can follow the subject or the object pattern.
In the subject pattern, the whose + noun phrase is the subject of the adjective clause. In the object
pattern, the whose + noun phrase is the object in the adjective^ clause. Notes
1. Some writers feel that whose should be used to refer only to people. For animals and things,
they recommend using of which. Compare:
I returned the book whose cover was torn.
I returned the book, the cover of which was torn.
Other writers use whose in all but the most formal writing (such as legal documents).
2. When whose + noun is the subject of an adjective clause, the verb agrees with that noun.
She takes care of two children whose mother works at night.
(The verb works is singular to agree with mother.)
She takes care of two children whose parents work at night.
(The verb work is plural to agree with parents.)
2. Phrases of quantity and quality
A relative pronoun can occur in phrases of quantity and quality.
Quantity Relative Pronouns some of whom
He gave two answers, both of which were correct. all of whom
The top students, all of whom graduated with each of which
honors, received scholarships. both of which,etc.
Quality Relative Pronouns the best of whom
She has three daughters, the oldest of whom is the oldest of whom studying abroad.
the most important The comedian’s jokes, the funniest of which 1 had of which, etc.
heard before,were about politics. B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE Rewrite the sentences
1. Nam is the boy with black curly hair. --> The boy ...
2. The man seems very lonely because his wife and children are away --> The man ...
3. I went to 2 telephone boxes but they were both out of order
--> I went ....................... worked
4. The city has sixteen schools. Two of them are junior colleges.
-> The city has sixteen schools, two of …………………………….
5. Last night the orchestra played three symphonies. One of them was Beethoven’s Seventh.
---> …………………………………. ......................
6. I tried on six pairs of shoes. I liked none of them.
---> …………………………………. ......................
7. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.
---> …………………………………. ......................
8. That company currently has five employees. All of them are computer experts.
---> …………………………………. ......................
9. After the riot, over one hundred people were taken to the hospital. Many of them had been innocent bystanders.
---> …………………………………. ......................
10. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.
---> …………………………………. ......................
11. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the corporation.
---> …………………………………. ......................
12. The professor is excellent. I am taking her course.
---> …………………………………. ......................
13. Mr. North teaches a class for students. Their native language is not English.
---> …………………………………. ......................
14. The people were nice. We visited their house.
---> …………………………………. ......................
15. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.
---> …………………………………. ...................... C-PRACTICEIN TOEIC I. Language building Picture 1
1. The woman whose tire ……………is calling the telephone. 2. The woman whose baby
……………..has a flat tire. Picture 2 Picture 3
3. The people whose dog is ………………is 5. The children whose teacher is explaining exercising. looks ……………..
4. The people are walking the dog whose
6. The teacher is explaining to the boy whose
color is … book is …………… II. Tactic Practice
1. Reorder the words to make a meaningful sentence. Picture 1 1.
The/ whose bag/ to carry/ woman/ big/ is/ very/ is trying/ it/ upstairs.
………………………………………………
……………………………………………… 2.
There/ is/ a/ whose /heavy/ bag/ woman/ looks.
………………………………………………
……………………………………………… Picture 2