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Introduction to automotive engineering handout môn Nhập môn kĩ thuật ô tô | Trường Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội

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SCG+Minivan has a higher roofline for more headroom and cargo space. Sport-Utility Vehicle provides the comfort of a passenger car, the interior space of a station wagon, and the durability of a truck. Tài liệu được sưu tầm gồm 49 trang, giúp các bạn ôn luyện và phục vụ cho việc học tập, đạt kết quả tốt. Mời các bạn đón xem!

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lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
T
I
O
N
T
O
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Duong Ngoc Khanh
Dept. of Transportaon Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering
khanh.duongngoc@hust.edu.vn
1
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
Uses center body pillars, or “B” pillars,
between the front and rear doors. A
hardtop does not use “B” pillars.
1
.
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
a
n
d
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Sedan
Uses a vinyl or cloth top that
can be raised and lowered
Convertible
The large rear door allows easy
access when hauling items
Hatchback
Provides a large rear interior compartment
Station Wagon
4
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
2
.
D
r
i
v
e
t
r
a
i
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
8
Functions:
To couple the engine to the driving wheels;
To increase torque from the engine to the active wheels ;
To change the traction and speed at the wheels to suit the motion
conditions;
To uncouple power transmission when needed
;
To reverse movement (reverse gear)
.
Components:
Clutch;
Transmission/Transaxle;
Propeller shaft;
Front/Rear axle.
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
2
.
1
.
C
l
u
t
c
h
Functions:
❑
Used to connect and disconnect the engine and manual
transmission or transaxle;
❑
Allows the driver to control power ow between the engine and
transmission or transaxle;
❑
To serves as a safety device of the drivetrain system.
Classify:
❑
Clutch (Manual transmission);
❑
Torque converter (Automac transmission);
❑
Others.
10
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
Components:
•
pilot bearing
•
ywheel
•
clutch disc
•
pressure plate
•
release bearing
•
clutch housing (bell housing)
•
clutch fork
•
clutch release mechanisms
•
clutch start switch
2
.
1
.
C
l
u
t
c
h
(
B
a
s
i
c
P
a
r
t
s
)
12
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
Engaged
•
When the driver releases the clutch pedal, the spring pressure
inside the pressure plate pushes forward on the clutch disc
•
This locks the ywheel, disc, pressure plate, and transmission input
together
•
The engine rotates the transmission input
2
.
1
.
C
l
u
t
c
h
(
A
c
t
i
o
n
)
14
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
16
❑
Uses a simple
hydraulic circuit to
transfer clutch
pedal acon to the
clutch fork.
❑
Components:
•
clutch pedal
•
clutch cylinder
•
hydraulic line
•
slave cylinder
•
release fork/level
2
.
1
.
C
l
u
t
c
h
(
H
y
d
r
a
u
l
i
c
R
e
l
e
a
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e
M
e
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h
a
n
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m
)
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
Functions:
❑
Uses various gear combinaons (raos), to mulply engine speed
and torque to accommodate driving condions;
❑
To uncouple power transmission when needed;
❑
To provide a reverse gear.
Classify:
❑
Manual Transmission (MT)
❑
Automove Transmission (AT)
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
18
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
❑
Does not have to be shied by the driver;
❑
Uses an internal hydraulic system and, in most cases, electronic
controls to shi gears;
❑
Internal clutches or bands control gearsets to provide various gear
raos;
❑
Input sha is connected to the engine cranksha through a torque
converter.
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
)
20
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
•
The number of revoluons a drive gear must turn before the driven
gear completes one revoluon
•
Calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the driven gear by the
number of teeth on the drive gear
g
ear teeth
Gear Rao =
# of driven
# of drive gear teeth
Example: If the drive gear has 12 teeth and the driven gear has 24
teeth, the gear rao is
two-to-one
Gear Rao =
24
=
2,
wrien
2:1
12
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(
G
e
a
r
R
a
t
i
o
)
22
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
The input sha gear turns the countersha gears, which then turn
the output sha gears
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
G
e
a
r
s
)
24
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
•
The rst gear synchronizer is slid away from the rst gear
•
The second-third synchronizer is then engaged
•
Power ow is through the second gear on the output sha
•
The gear rao is about 2:1
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(
S
e
c
o
n
d
G
e
a
r
)
26
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
•
The synchronizer is moved into the reverse gear on the output sha,
locking the gear to the output sha
•
Power ows through the countersha, reverse idler gear, reverse
gear, and to the output sha
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
(
R
e
v
e
r
s
e
G
e
a
r
)
28
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
30
Short drive axle assemblies connect the
transaxle output to the hubs and wheels
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
a
x
l
e
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
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s
a
x
l
e
(
M
a
n
u
a
l
T
r
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n
s
a
x
l
e
)
32
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
a
x
l
e
(
S
e
c
o
n
d
G
e
a
r
)
34
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
a
x
l
e
(
F
o
u
r
t
h
G
e
a
r
)
36
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
2
.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
a
x
l
e
(
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
)
38
lOMoARcPSD| 59595715
❑
Impeller
•
Driven by the engine
•
Integral part of the housing
•
Produces oil movement within the converter
❑
Turbine
•
Driven by the impeller
•
Splined to the transmission input sha
•
Fits in the front of the housing
•
Oil is the only connecon between the impeller and the
turbine
❑
Stator
•
Improves oil circulaon
•
Increases eciency and torque by direcng the oil ow
toward the turbine
•
Helps make use of nearly all the force produced by the
moving oil
•
Located between the impeller and the turbine, mounted on
a one-way clutch
2
.
2
.
A
ut
o
m
a
t
i
c
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
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s
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T
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)
40

Tài liệu khác của Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội

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lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 I N T R O D U C T I O N T O AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Duong Ngoc Khanh
Dept. of Transportation Engineering
School of Mechanical Engineering khanh.duongngoc@hust.edu.vn 1 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 1
. C o n c e p t a n d C l a s s i f i c a t i o n Sedan Convertible
Uses center body pillars, or “B” pillars,
between the front and rear doors. A
hardtop does not use “B” pillars.
Uses a vinyl or cloth top that can be raised and lowered Hatchback Station Wagon
The large rear door allows easy
Provides a large rear interior compartment access when hauling items 4 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. D r i v e t r a i n s y s t e m Functions:
To couple the engine to the driving wheels;
To increase torque from the engine to the active wheels ;
To change the traction and speed at the wheels to suit the motion conditions;
To uncouple power transmission when needed ;
To reverse movement (reverse gear) . Components: Clutch; Transmission/Transaxle; Propel er shaft; Front/Rear axle. 8 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2 . 1 . C l u t c h Functions:
❑ Used to connect and disconnect the engine and manual transmission or transaxle;
❑ Allows the driver to control power flow between the engine and transmission or transaxle;
❑ To serves as a safety device of the drivetrain system. Classify:
❑ Clutch (Manual transmission);
❑ Torque converter (Automatic transmission); ❑ Others. 10 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 1 . C l u t c h ( B a s i c P a r t s ) Components: • pilot bearing • flywheel • clutch disc • pressure plate • release bearing
• clutch housing (bell housing) • clutch fork • clutch release mechanisms • clutch start switch 12 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 1 . C l u t c h ( A c t i o n ) Engaged
• When the driver releases the clutch pedal, the spring pressure
inside the pressure plate pushes forward on the clutch disc
• This locks the flywheel, disc, pressure plate, and transmission input together
• The engine rotates the transmission input 14 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 1 . C l u t c h ( H y d r a u l i c R e l e a s e M e c h a n i s m ) ❑ Uses a simple hydraulic circuit to transfer clutch pedal action to the clutch fork. ❑ Components: • clutch pedal • clutch cylinder • hydraulic line • slave cylinder • release fork/level 16 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s m i s s i o n Functions:
❑ Uses various gear combinations (ratios), to multiply engine speed
and torque to accommodate driving conditions;
❑ To uncouple power transmission when needed;
❑ To provide a reverse gear. Classify: ❑ Manual Transmission (MT)
❑ Automotive Transmission (AT) 18 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s m i s s i o n ( A u t o m a t i c T r a n s m i s s i o n )
❑ Does not have to be shifted by the driver;
❑ Uses an internal hydraulic system and, in most cases, electronic controls to shift gears;
❑ Internal clutches or bands control gearsets to provide various gear ratios;
❑ Input shaft is connected to the engine crankshaft through a torque converter. 20 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s m i s s i o n ( G e a r R a t i o )
• The number of revolutions a drive gear must turn before the driven gear completes one revolution
• Calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the driven gear by the
number of teeth on the drive gear Gear Ratio = # of driven g ear teeth # of drive gear teeth
Example: If the drive gear has 12 teeth and the driven gear has 24
teeth, the gear ratio is two-to-one Gear Ratio = 24 = 2, written 2:1 12 22 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s m i s s i o n ( T r a n s m i s s i o n G e a r s )
The input shaft gear turns the countershaft gears, which then turn the output shaft gears 24 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s m i s s i o n ( S e c o n d G e a r )
• The first gear synchronizer is slid away from the first gear
• The second-third synchronizer is then engaged
• Power flow is through the second gear on the output shaft
• The gear ratio is about 2:1 26 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s m i s s i o n ( R e v e r s e G e a r )
• The synchronizer is moved into the reverse gear on the output shaft,
locking the gear to the output shaft
• Power flows through the countershaft, reverse idler gear, reverse gear, and to the output shaft 28 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2 . 2 . T r a n s a x l e
Short drive axle assemblies connect the
transaxle output to the hubs and wheels 30 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s a x l e ( M a n u a l T r a n s a x l e ) 32 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s a x l e ( S e c o n d G e a r ) 34 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s a x l e ( F o u r t h G e a r ) 36 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . T r a n s a x l e ( N e u t r a l ) 38 lOMoAR cPSD| 59595715 2
. 2 . A ut o m a t i c T r a n s m i s s i o n ( T o r q u e C o n v e r t e r ) ❑ Impeller • Driven by the engine
• Integral part of the housing
• Produces oil movement within the converter ❑ Turbine • Driven by the impeller
• Splined to the transmission input shaft
• Fits in the front of the housing
• Oil is the only connection between the impeller and the turbine ❑ Stator • Improves oil circulation
• Increases efficiency and torque by directing the oil flow toward the turbine
• Helps make use of nearly all the force produced by the moving oil
• Located between the impeller and the turbine, mounted on a one-way clutch 40

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