Kho ý tưởng triển khai trong Writing Task 2 môn IELTS writing | Học viện Báo chí và Tuyên truyền

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I.
ART .......................................................................................................................... 1
1. Some people think that art should be taught in schools. Others believe that it is a waste
of time and resources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. ................................... 1
2. Many people argue that government funding for the arts is a waste of money. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint? ............................................................... 1
3. Some people believe that art can be a waste of time and resources. Do the advantages
of art outweigh the disadvantages? ......................................................................................... 2
4. Cultural heritage sites are often at risk of damage or destruction due to various factors.
What are the problems and what can be done to protect them? .............................................. 2
5. In recent years, street art has become increasingly popular in many cities around the
world. Some people consider it a form of vandalism, while others see it as a legitimate form of
artistic expression. What is your opinion on this? .................................................................... 3 II.
BUSINESS ............................................................................................................ 5
1. Some people believe that the government should regulate businesses more strictly to
prevent unethical practices, while others believe that businesses should have more freedom
to operate without government intervention. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. .. 5
2. Some people believe that businesses should prioritise profit over social responsibility. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? ..................................................... 5
3. In many countries, there is a skills gap between what businesses need and what workers
are trained for. What are the causes of this and what can be done to address the issue? ....... 6
4. Many businesses are moving towards more flexible work arrangements. Do the
advantages of flexible work arrangements outweigh the disadvantages for businesses and
workers? ................................................................................................................................. 7
5. Many businesses are increasingly using automation and artificial intelligence to improve
efficiency and productivity. Do you think this is a positive or negative development for
businesses and workers? ........................................................................................................ 7 III.
COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................... 8
1. Many people believe that social media has made communication easier and more
accessible, while others believe it has led to a decline in meaningful communication. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion. .................................................................................... 8
2. In the modern world, effective communication skills are essential for success in both
personal and professional life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 8
3. Many people struggle with public speaking, whether in a professional or personal setting.
What are the causes of this fear, and what strategies can be used to ovecome it? ................. 9
4. With the rise of social media and messaging apps, it is now easier than ever to stay
connected with friends and family. Do you think the advantages of these technologies
outweigh the disadvantages? ................................................................................................ 10
5. In recent years, many companies have implemented remote work policies, allowing
employees to work from home. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? ..... 10 2 IV.
CRIME AND JUSTICE ........................................................................................ 11
1. Some people believe that harsher punishments, such as longer prison sentences or the
death penalty, are the best way to deter crime. Others argue that prevention through
education, rehabilitation, and addressing the root causes of crime is more effective. Discuss
both views and give your opinion. .......................................................................................... 11
2. Some people believe that community policing, where police officers work closely with the
community to prevent crime, is more effective than traditional policing methods. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? ............................................................ 11
3. Cybercrime is becoming an increasingly serious problem around the world. What are the
main causes of cybercrime, and what solutions would you suggest to address this problem? 12
4. The use of technology in law enforcement, such as facial recognition software, can help
solve crimes more quickly. Do the advantages of technology in law enforcement outweigh the
disadvantages? ..................................................................................................................... 12
5. The use of capital punishment for serious crimes is a controversial topic. Do you think
this is a positive or negative development in the criminal justice system? ............................. 13 V.
EDUCATION ....................................................................................................... 14
1. Some people believe that vocational education, which focuses on practical skills and job
training, is more valuable than academic education. Others argue that academic education is
necessary for a well-rounded education. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ............. 14
2. Formal examinations are the only effective way to assess a student's performance.
Continual assessment such as coursework and projects is not a satisfactory way to do this.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? .............................................. 14
3. In many countries, there is a significant achievement gap between students from low-
income families and those from high-income families. What do you think are the main causes
of this problem, and what solutions would you suggest to address it? ................................... 15
4. Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages? ..................................................................................................................... 16
5. In recent years, there has been a trend toward standardised testing in education. Do you
think this is a positive or negative development? ................................................................... 16 VI.
ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................. 18
1. Some people believe that economic development is more important than environmental
protection, while others argue that environmental protection should take priority. Discuss both
views and give your opinion. ................................................................................................. 18
2. Some people believe that individual actions, such as reducing plastic use and conserving
energy, are necessary to protect the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree
with this view? ....................................................................................................................... 18
3. Deforestation is a major environmental issue in many countries. What do you think are
the main causes of deforestation, and what solutions would you suggest to address it? ....... 19 3
4. The use of electric vehicles can help reduce air pollution and carbon emissions. Do you
think that the advantages of electric vehicles outweigh the disadvantages? .......................... 19
5. Atomic energy is becoming a more and more popular energy source. Do you think this is
a positive or negative development? ..................................................................................... 20 VII.
Family relationship ............................................................................................ 21
1. Some people believe that it is better to live in extended families, while others think that it
is better to live in nuclear families. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ...................... 21
2. Parents should have the main responsibility for the upbringing of their children. To what
extent do you agree or disagree? .......................................................................................... 21
3. Many people believe that the breakdown of traditional family structures is a major cause
of social problems in today's society. What are the reasons for this phenomenon and what
can be done to address it? .................................................................................................... 22
4. In some countries, more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past. Do
you think that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? ................................................. 23
5. Some parents prefer to have their children be raised by their grandparents. Is this a
positive or negative trend? .................................................................................................... 23
VIII. FOOD AND CUISINE .......................................................................................... 25
1. Some people believe that traditional foods and dishes should be preserved and
promoted, while others argue that we should embrace new and modern cuisines. Discuss
both views and give your opinion. .......................................................................................... 25
2. In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by fast food. This has a negative
impact on families, individuals and society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ......... 25
3. The cost of fresh fruits and vegetables is often cited as a barrier to healthy eating. What
are the causes and solutions? ............................................................................................... 26
4. In most countries fast food is becoming cheaper and more available. Do you think the
advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages? ............................................. 27
5. Some countries import a large amount of food from other parts of the world. Do you think
this is a positive or negative development? ........................................................................... 28 IX.
GLOBALISATION ............................................................................................... 29
1. Some people believe that globalisation has positive effects, such as boosting economic
growth and encouraging cultural exchange, while others argue that it results in exploitation
and a loss of cultural diversity. Discuss both views and give your opinion. ............................ 29
2. Many people say that globalisation and the growing number of multinational companies
have a negative effect on the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ......... 29
3. In recent years, there has been a trend towards protectionism and nationalism in some
countries. What are the causes and effects? ......................................................................... 30
4. As cities become more crowded and expensive, an increasing number of people are
choosing to live in suburban or rural areas and commute to work. Do you think the
advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages? ............................................. 30 4
5. Globalisation has led to increased interconnectedness between countries. Do you think
this is a positive or negative development? ........................................................................... 31 X.
HEALTH .............................................................................................................. 32
1. Some people believe that the government should be responsible for providing healthcare
to all citizens, while others argue that individuals should take responsibility for their own
healthcare. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. .................................................. 32
2. It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to
prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do
you agree or disagree? ......................................................................................................... 32
3. Mental health is a growing concern in many societies today, with an increasing number of
people experiencing stress, anxiety, and depression. What are the main causes of this trend,
and what steps can individuals and society as a whole take to address the problem? ........... 33
4. Some feel governments, rather than private companies, should be in charge of medical
services. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages? .... 34
5. Nowadays, a growing number of people with health problems are trying alternative
medicines and treatments instead of visiting their usual doctor. Do you think this is a positive
or negative development? ..................................................................................................... 34 XI.
LANGUAGE ..................................................................................................... 36
1. Some people believe that everyone in the world should speak the same language.
Others think that people should have the freedom to speak whichever language they choose.
Discuss both views and give your opinion. ............................................................................ 36
2. Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious social
problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement? ............................................................................................................................ 36
3. Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages? ..................................................................................................................... 37
4. Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spoken by very small
numbers of people. What are the causes and solutions? ...................................................... 37
5. The government should invest in preserving and promoting endangered languages. Do
you think this is a positive or negative development? ............................................................ 38 XII.
SPORTS .......................................................................................................... 39
1. Some people believe that sports play an essential role in society, while others argue that
they are a waste of time and resources. Discuss both views and give your opinion............... 39
2. Competitive sports have a positive impact on young people's lives. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement? .................................................................................. 39
3. Many people believe that hosting international sporting events such as the Olympic
Games is a good way to promote a country. Do you think the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages? ..................................................................................................................... 40 5
4. In many countries, there is a gender gap in sports participation. What are the reasons for
this, and what steps can be taken to encourage more girls and women to participate in
sports? .................................................................................................................................. 40
5. Some people argue that professional athletes earn too much money. Do you think this is
a negative or positive development? ..................................................................................... 41
XIII. TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................... 42
1. Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human beings. Some
people find it is positive while others think it is a negative development. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion. .................................................................................................... 42
2. Mobile phones should be banned in public places. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement? ................................................................................................ 42
3. Nowadays, many people use smartphones and tablets for work, study, and
entertainment. Do you think that the advantages of these devices outweigh the
disadvantages? ..................................................................................................................... 43
4. Online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years. Do you think this is a
negative or positive development? ........................................................................................ 43
5. In some countries, there is a digital divide, with some people having limited access to
technology. What are the consequences of this, and what solutions can be proposed to bridge
the gap? ................................................................................................................................ 44
XIV. WORK ................................................................................................................. 45
1. Some people argue that working long hours is necessary to achieve success, while
others believe that it is important to have a good work-life balance. Discuss both views and
give your opinion. .................................................................................................................. 45
2. Some people believe that job satisfaction is more important than job security. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? ............................................................ 45
3. With the globalisation of the workforce, many people are required to work in teams with
colleagues from different cultural backgrounds. Do you think the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages? ..................................................................................................................... 46
4. In many countries, there is a gender pay gap, with women earning less than men for the
same work. What are the causes of this, and what solutions can be proposed to close the
gap? ...................................................................................................................................... 46
5. In some countries, there is a trend towards a “gig economy”, where workers are hired on
a temporary or freelance basis. Do you think this is a negative or positive development? ..... 47 6 I. ART 1.
Some people think that art should be taught in schools. Others believe that it is a
waste of time and resources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Arguments for teaching art in schools
Arguments against teaching art in schools
● Art education provides students with a
● Resources for art education can be
well-rounded education that includes
limited and expensive, taking away
creative and expressive skills.
from other important subjects.
● Art classes can be a way for students
● Some people believe that art education
to explore their interests and develop
is not essential for students to succeed their passions. in life and their careers.
● Art can help students to develop critical
● Time spent on art classes could be
thinking and problem-solving skills that
better used for other subjects that are
can be applied in other areas of their
seen as more important, such as maths lives. or science.
● Art can promote cultural understanding
● Art classes may not appeal to all
and appreciation for different
students, and some may feel forced to perspectives.
participate in something they have no ● interest in.
Art classes can provide a sense of
community and belonging for students
● The value of art is subjective and
who may not excel in traditional
varies from person to person, making it academic subjects.
difficult to measure its impact on student success. 2.
Many people argue that government funding for the arts is a waste of money. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint?
Arguments for government funding for
Arguments against government funding the arts for the arts
● The arts contribute to the economy
● Funding for the arts can be seen as a
through job creation, tourism, and
luxury that the government cannot
cultural events that attract people to
afford, particularly during times of cities and regions. economic hardship.
● The arts are an important aspect of
● Some people believe that the arts are a
cultural heritage and identity, which
niche interest that only appeals to a
should be preserved and celebrated.
small segment of the population, and ●
therefore should not be supported by
The arts can have a positive impact on public funds.
mental health and wellbeing, as they
provide opportunities for creative
● There is a concern that government
funding for the arts can be subject to 1 expression and stress relief.
political influence, leading to ●
censorship and restrictions on artistic
The arts can be a powerful tool for expression. education and community
development, bringing people together
● Private funding and donations can
and fostering social cohesion.
support the arts, reducing the need for ● government funding.
The arts can inspire creativity and
innovation in other fields, such as
● It is difficult to measure the impact of
technology and science, leading to new
government funding for the arts, discoveries and advancements.
making it hard to justify the use of
taxpayer money for this purpose. 3.
Some people believe that art can be a waste of time and resources. Do the
advantages of art outweigh the disadvantages? Advantages of art Disadvantages of art
● Art can provide a means of creative
● Art can be a subjective pursuit,
expression and exploration for
meaning that it may not appeal to
individuals, helping them to develop
everyone or be seen as valuable by all. their skills and interests.
● Art can be expensive, requiring
● Art can be used as a therapeutic tool,
materials, equipment, and facilities that
helping individuals to cope with stress
may be beyond the reach of some and emotional issues. individuals and communities.
● Art can help to develop critical thinking
● Art may be viewed as a leisure activity
skills and problem-solving abilities,
that detracts from more productive or
which can be useful in various aspects
practical pursuits, such as work or of life. academic studies.
● Art can promote cultural awareness
● Art may be criticised for being
and appreciation, providing insight into
impractical or lacking in tangible
different perspectives and traditions.
benefits, such as financial returns or ● concrete results.
Art can be a means of communication,
conveying complex ideas and emotions
● Art can be seen as a luxury or
in a powerful and effective way.
indulgence that is not essential for a healthy and fulfilling life. 4.
Cultural heritage sites are often at risk of damage or destruction due to various
factors. What are the problems and what can be done to protect them?
Problems facing cultural heritage sites
Solutions to protect cultural heritage sites
● Natural disasters such as earthquakes,
● Develop and implement effective
floods, and wildfires can damage or
disaster management plans to prepare
destroy cultural heritage sites.
for and respond to natural disasters 2
● Climate change can cause sea level and climate change impacts.
rise, erosion, and other environmental
● Implement measures to limit
changes that threaten cultural heritage
development and protect cultural sites.
heritage sites from urbanisation and
● Urbanisation and development can construction projects.
encroach upon cultural heritage sites,
● Establish legal protections for cultural
leading to destruction or degradation of
heritage sites, including designation as the site.
World Heritage sites, national parks, or
● War, conflict, and acts of terrorism can other protected areas.
result in deliberate destruction of
● Increase public awareness and cultural heritage sites. education about the value and
● Lack of funding, maintenance, and
significance of cultural heritage sites to proper management can lead to
encourage responsible behaviour and
neglect and deterioration of cultural stewardship. heritage sites. ● Provide adequate funding,
management, and maintenance for
cultural heritage sites to ensure their preservation and longevity. 5.
In recent years, street art has become increasingly popular in many cities around the
world. Some people consider it a form of vandalism, while others see it as a legitimate
form of artistic expression. What is your opinion on this?
Arguments in favour of street art
Arguments against government funding for the arts
● Street art can bring colour and life to
● Street art can be seen as vandalism or
otherwise drab and uninteresting public
defacement of public property, spaces.
particularly if it is done without the ●
permission of the property owner or the
Street art can be used to convey local government.
political or social messages that might
not otherwise be heard or seen.
● Street art can be offensive or ●
inappropriate, particularly if it includes
Street art can be a form of public art
profanity, hate speech, or other forms
that is accessible to everyone, of objectionable content.
regardless of their socioeconomic status.
● Street art can be a distraction or ●
nuisance, particularly if it is done in
Street art can be a way for artists to
busy or high-traffic areas where it can
express themselves and share their
cause congestion or safety hazards.
work with a wider audience, without the
need for traditional art galleries or
● Street art can be expensive to remove exhibitions.
or clean up, particularly if it is done with ●
permanent materials such as spray Street art can be a way for paint.
communities to come together and
create something that reflects their
● Street art can create conflicts between
shared values and experiences.
different stakeholders, including property owners, artists, and
government officials, who may have 3 different opinions on what is
appropriate or acceptable in public spaces. 4 II. BUSINESS 1.
Some people believe that the government should regulate businesses more strictly to
prevent unethical practices, while others believe that businesses should have more
freedom to operate without government intervention. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Arguments in favour of strict
Arguments in favour of business government regulation freedom
● Government regulations can protect
● Businesses should have the freedom to
consumers from harmful or deceptive
innovate and pursue new opportunities
business practices, such as false
without unnecessary government
advertising or unsafe products.
intervention, which can stifle creativity ● and innovation. Regulations can ensure that
businesses operate in a socially
● Excessive regulations can create a
responsible and sustainable manner,
bureaucratic burden that can impede
taking into account the impact of their
business growth and development.
actions on the environment and
● Businesses should have the freedom to society.
make their own decisions about how to
● Regulations can promote fair run their operations, without
competition and prevent monopolies,
interference from the government.
which can harm consumers and limit
● In some cases, self-regulation and innovation.
voluntary standards can be just as
● Regulations can protect workers' rights
effective as government regulations in
and ensure fair labour practices,
promoting ethical business practices.
including safe working conditions and fair pay. 2.
Some people believe that businesses should prioritise profit over social
responsibility. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Arguments in favour of prioritising profit
Arguments in favour of social responsibility
● The primary purpose of a business is to
● Businesses have a responsibility to act
generate profits for its owners or
ethically and responsibly towards their
shareholders, and maximising profits
stakeholders, including employees, should be the primary goal.
customers, and the environment.
● Businesses that prioritise profit are
● Prioritising social responsibility can
more likely to be financially stable and
lead to increased customer loyalty and
able to invest in future growth and
trust, as consumers are more likely to development.
support businesses that share their ● values.
In a competitive market, businesses 5
that prioritise profit are more likely to
● Businesses that are socially
succeed and create jobs and economic
responsible are more likely to attract growth.
and retain talented employees who ●
value working for a company that has a
Business owners have a responsibility positive impact on society.
to their shareholders to maximise
profits, and social responsibility should
● Investing in social responsibility can be secondary to this goal.
lead to long-term benefits, such as
reduced costs, increased efficiency, and improved reputation. 3.
In many countries, there is a skills gap between what businesses need and what
workers are trained for. What are the causes of this and what can be done to address the issue?
Causes of the skills gap
Possible solutions to address the skills gap
● Rapid technological changes and
● Education and training programs need
advancements are requiring new skills
to be restructured to align with the skills
that many workers may not have.
that are in demand in the job market.
● Changes in the job market and
● Employers can work with educational
economic trends are leading to a
institutions to develop training
mismatch between the skills that
programs that will provide students with
businesses need and the skills that
the skills they need to succeed in the workers possess. workforce.
● A lack of investment in education and
● Government policies can encourage
training programs is leading to a
and incentivize businesses to invest in shortage of skilled workers.
education and training programs.
● Limited access to affordable education
● Businesses can provide on-the-job
and training programs is preventing
training and development opportunities
some individuals from acquiring the
for their employees to improve their necessary skills.
skills and fill gaps in their knowledge.
● Employers may have unrealistic
● Educational institutions can provide
expectations for the qualifications and
career counselling and guidance to
skills needed for certain jobs, leading to
students to help them make informed
a lack of qualified candidates.
decisions about their future careers
and the skills they will need. 6 4.
Many businesses are moving towards more flexible work arrangements. Do the
advantages of flexible work arrangements outweigh the disadvantages for
businesses and workers?
Advantages of flexible work
Disadvantages of flexible work
arrangements for businesses
arrangements for workers
● Can improve work-life balance, leading
● Can be difficult to manage, as
to reduced stress and improved mental
communication and collaboration can health. be more challenging.
● Can provide more autonomy and
● Can lead to reduced team cohesion
control over their work schedule.
and a lack of company culture.
● Can enable workers to better manage
● Can result in difficulties in monitoring
family and caregiving responsibilities.
and measuring employee productivity.
● Can eliminate the need for lengthy
● Can lead to increased costs associated
commutes, saving time and money.
with technology and infrastructure to ● support remote work.
Can provide access to job opportunities
that may not have been feasible without remote work options. 5.
Many businesses are increasingly using automation and artificial intelligence to
improve efficiency and productivity. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development for businesses and workers?
Advantages of automation and AI for
Disadvantages of automation and AI for businesses businesses
● Can increase efficiency and
● Can be costly to implement and
productivity, leading to reduced costs
maintain, requiring significant and increased output.
investments in technology and training.
● Can improve accuracy and consistency
● Can result in job losses or changes in
in tasks that are prone to human error.
job roles and responsibilities, leading to ● employee dissatisfaction and
Can perform repetitive or dangerous resistance.
tasks that may be unsuitable or unsafe for human workers.
● Can result in reduced creativity and ●
innovation, as machines may not be
Can provide valuable insights through
capable of creative problem-solving or
data analysis and predictive analytics. thinking outside the box.
● Can improve customer service through
● Can result in increased dependence on chatbots and other automated technology, making businesses interactions.
vulnerable to cybersecurity threats and other risks. 7 III. COMMUNICATION 1.
Many people believe that social media has made communication easier and more
accessible, while others believe it has led to a decline in meaningful communication.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Advantages of social media for
Disadvantages of social media for communication communication
● Allows for easy and instant
● Can lead to a lack of meaningful
communication with friends, family, and
interaction and shallow relationships, colleagues across the world.
as people may prioritize online ●
communication over face-to-face
Provides a platform for sharing ideas interaction.
and opinions, facilitating discussion and debate.
● Can facilitate the spread of ●
misinformation and fake news, leading
Can help to maintain and strengthen
to confusion and polarization.
relationships over long distances or periods of time.
● Can lead to addiction and excessive ●
use, leading to negative impacts on
Offers a range of communication mental health and wellbeing.
channels, including text, voice, and video.
● Can lead to cyberbullying and ●
harassment, as people may feel
Can facilitate the exchange of anonymous and emboldened to
information and knowledge, providing
engage in negative behaviors online.
access to a wide range of resources and expertise.
● Can lead to a loss of privacy and
security, as personal information may
be shared or stolen without consent. 2.
In the modern world, effective communication skills are essential for success in both
personal and professional life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Arguments for the importance of
Arguments against the importance of
effective communication skills
effective communication skills
● Communication is essential for building
● Some people may be naturally
and maintaining relationships with
introverted or have social anxiety, and
others, whether in personal or
may find it difficult to develop strong professional settings. communication skills.
● Effective communication can help to
● In some professions, technical skills
avoid misunderstandings, conflicts, and
may be considered more important
other problems that can arise from than communication skills. miscommunication.
● Some people may prioritize other
● Communication skills are highly valued
qualities or skills, such as creativity or 8
by employers and are often considered problem-solving ability, over
a key factor in career success. communication skills.
● Good communication skills can help to
inspire and motivate others, leading to
better teamwork and collaboration.
● Effective communication skills can
enhance one's personal and social life
by improving the quality of interactions with others. 3.
Many people struggle with public speaking, whether in a professional or personal
setting. What are the causes of this fear, and what strategies can be used to ovecome it?
Causes of fear of public speaking
Strategies to overcome fear of public speaking
● Fear of judgement and criticism from
● Preparation and practice, including others
rehearsal and familiarisation with the ● topic
Lack of confidence or self-esteem ●
● Visualisation techniques, such as
Inexperience or lack of preparation
imagining a successful speech or
● Perceived pressure to perform well or presentation meet high expectations
● Deep breathing and relaxation
● Past negative experiences or traumatic
exercises to reduce anxiety and stress
events related to public speaking
● Gradual exposure to public speaking
situations, starting with smaller
audiences and gradually increasing the
size and complexity of the audience
● Seeking support from mentors,
coaches, or therapy to address
underlying psychological issues and
build confidence and self-esteem 9 4.
With the rise of social media and messaging apps, it is now easier than ever to stay
connected with friends and family. Do you think the advantages of these technologies
outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of internet communication
Disadvantages of internet communication
● Easier and more convenient
● Can lead to addiction or overuse, which
communication with friends and family,
can negatively impact mental health
regardless of geographic location and social relationships
● Can help to maintain relationships and
● Can lead to a sense of social stay connected even with busy
comparison or pressure to present a schedules
curated image of oneself online
● Can facilitate communication in
● Can be a source of cyberbullying or
emergencies or urgent situations online harassment
● Allows for sharing of photos, videos,
● Can be a distraction from face-to-face and other media to enhance communication and personal
communication and stay connected connections
● Can provide access to support and
● Can raise concerns around privacy and
resources for those who may be
data security, as personal information
isolated or in need of assistance is shared online
● Can help to bridge cultural and language barriers in global communication 5.
In recent years, many companies have implemented remote work policies, allowing
employees to work from home. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Reasons for remote working
Reasons against remote working
● Increased flexibility and work-life
● Lack of face-to-face interaction and balance for employees
collaboration with colleagues, ●
potentially leading to decreased
Reduced commuting time and costs, creativity and innovation
leading to increased productivity and job satisfaction
● Potential for distractions at home and ●
difficulty in separating work and
Ability to work from anywhere with an personal life
internet connection, allowing for greater
job opportunities and access to global
● Dependence on technology and talent
potential for technical difficulties
● Reduced office space and overhead
● Potential for decreased motivation and costs for companies
work ethic without direct supervision
● Can reduce carbon emissions and
● Potential for feelings of isolation and
environmental impact from commuting
disconnection from company culture 10 IV. CRIME AND JUSTICE 1.
Some people believe that harsher punishments, such as longer prison sentences or
the death penalty, are the best way to deter crime. Others argue that prevention
through education, rehabilitation, and addressing the root causes of crime is more
effective. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Harsher punishments Other measures
● May serve as a warning to potential
● Addresses the systemic issues that
offenders that the consequences of
contribute to crime, such as poverty,
committing a crime are severe, which
lack of access to healthcare, and
could deter crime at the societal level
discrimination, making it a more ● comprehensive approach
Could serve as a form of retribution for
victims and their families, providing a
● Focuses on rehabilitating offenders, sense of closure and justice
providing them with the tools and ● resources necessary to become
May be necessary in cases of heinous productive members of society
crimes or repeat offenders to ensure public safety
● Can reduce the burden on the criminal ●
justice system by lowering recidivism
Could deter criminals from committing
rates, which can help save taxpayer
crimes while incarcerated, leading to money
fewer incidents of violence and disorder in prisons
● Can help to reduce disparities in the
criminal justice system, as it addresses
the root causes of crime rather than relying solely on punishment 2.
Some people believe that community policing, where police officers work closely with
the community to prevent crime, is more effective than traditional policing methods.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Reasons for community policing
Reasons against community policing
● Community policing builds trust and
● Community policing can be resource-
improves relationships between police
intensive and require a significant
officers and the community, leading to investment of time and money.
more effective crime prevention efforts.
● Some communities may not be
● Police officers who are familiar with the
receptive to working with police
community can better identify potential
officers, leading to challenges in crime hotspots and implement
implementing community policing strategies to address them. strategies.
● By involving community members in
● Community policing can be vulnerable
crime prevention efforts, community
to accusations of bias or favoritism,
policing can lead to a sense of
particularly if police officers have pre- 11
ownership and investment in the safety
existing relationships with members of of the community. the community.
● Community policing can help reduce
● Traditional policing methods, such as
the fear of crime by improving
reactive policing, may still be
communication between the police and
necessary in some situations where the community.
community policing is not effective. 3.
Cybercrime is becoming an increasingly serious problem around the world. What are
the main causes of cybercrime, and what solutions would you suggest to address this problem? Causes for cyber crime
Solutions for cyber crime
● Lack of awareness: Many people do
● Education and awareness: Teaching
not understand the risks of sharing
people about the risks of cybercrime
sensitive information online, making
and how to protect themselves can
them more susceptible to cybercrime.
help reduce the number of victims.
● Insufficient security measures: Weak
● Improved security measures: Ensuring
passwords, unsecured Wi-Fi networks,
that all software and devices are
and outdated software can make it
updated, and using strong passwords
easier for cybercriminals to access
and two-factor authentication can make personal information.
it harder for cybercriminals to access ● personal information.
Social engineering: Cybercriminals
often use tactics such as phishing
● Law enforcement: Governments can
emails or fraudulent websites to trick
pass laws to criminalise cybercrime
people into giving away personal
and prosecute those responsible. information.
● Cybersecurity professionals: Hiring
● Malware: Malicious software such as professionals to develop and
viruses, Trojans, and ransomware can
implement security measures can help
be used to steal information, disrupt
businesses and individuals protect their systems, and extort money. data.
● Dark web: The anonymity of the dark
● Collaboration: Collaboration between
web makes it a hub for criminal activity,
law enforcement, government, and including cybercrime.
private organisations can help share
information and resources to combat cybercrime. 4.
The use of technology in law enforcement, such as facial recognition software, can
help solve crimes more quickly. Do the advantages of technology in law enforcement
outweigh the disadvantages? Advantages Disadvantages 12
● Deterrent effect: Some argue that the
● Risk of wrongful convictions: Critics
fear of capital punishment can deter
argue that capital punishment carries
people from committing serious crimes,
the risk of executing innocent people,
which can lead to a decrease in crime
as the justice system is not infallible. rates.
● Human rights violation: Some argue
● Retribution: Supporters of capital
that the use of capital punishment
punishment believe that it is a fair
violates human rights, as it involves
punishment for heinous crimes such as
taking a life, and therefore should not
murder and provides a sense of
be an option in a modern society.
closure for the victims' families.
● Bias and discrimination: Critics also
● Justice system credibility: Some argue
argue that capital punishment is often
that the use of capital punishment is
applied disproportionately to people of
necessary for the credibility of the
colour and those from lower socio-
justice system, as it shows that society
economic backgrounds, indicating
takes crimes seriously and is willing to
systemic bias within the criminal justice take action. system. 5.
The use of capital punishment for serious crimes is a controversial topic. Do you
think this is a positive or negative development in the criminal justice system?
Advantages of capital death penalties
Disadvantages of capital death penalties
● Capital punishment serves as a strong
● The possibility of wrongful convictions
deterrent to would-be criminals,
and the execution of innocent people is
potentially reducing the number of a major concern. serious crimes committed.
● It violates the fundamental human right
● It provides a sense of justice and
to life and can be seen as a form of
closure to victims and their families, as state-sanctioned murder. well as the wider community.
● Capital punishment is often applied in a
● The cost of keeping a person in prison
discriminatory manner, with people
for life can be very high, so capital
from disadvantaged or minority groups
punishment can be seen as a cost-
more likely to receive the death effective solution. penalty.
● The punishment fits the crime,
● It can have a negative impact on the
especially for heinous offences like
mental health and wellbeing of those mass murder or terrorism.
involved in the process, including the executioners and witnesses.
● There is no conclusive evidence that
capital punishment is a more effective deterrent than other forms of punishment. 13 V. EDUCATION 1.
Some people believe that vocational education, which focuses on practical skills and
job training, is more valuable than academic education. Others argue that academic
education is necessary for a well-rounded education. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
For vocational education
Against vocational education
● Vocational education is more focused
● Academic education provides a
on practical skills and job training,
broader range of knowledge and critical
which can lead to more immediate
thinking skills, which can be applied to
employment opportunities and career
a variety of fields and situations. advancement.
● It can also prepare students for further
● It can be more cost-effective than
education, such as graduate school,
academic education, as it often
which may be necessary for certain
requires less time and money to careers. complete.
● Academic education can help develop
● Vocational education can help address
well-rounded individuals who are able
the skills gap in many industries, as it
to engage with a wide range of ideas
provides specific training for in-demand and perspectives. jobs.
● There is a risk that vocational
● It can also provide a pathway to
education can be too narrowly focused,
entrepreneurship and self-employment,
leading to limited career options and a
as many vocational programs teach
lack of adaptability in a changing job
business and management skills. market. 2.
Formal examinations are the only effective way to assess a student's performance.
Continual assessment such as coursework and projects is not a satisfactory way to
do this. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Arguments in favour of formal
Arguments against formal examinations examinations
● Formal examinations are standardised
● Continual assessment allows students
and provide a consistent way to
to demonstrate their knowledge and
evaluate a student's knowledge and
understanding over a longer period, understanding of a subject.
giving a more accurate reflection of ● their abilities.
Examinations are often designed to
test a wide range of topics within a
● Formal examinations can create a
subject, ensuring that students have a stressful and high-pressure
comprehensive understanding of the
environment for students, potentially material. hindering their performance.
● Examinations are a fair way to evaluate
● Continual assessment, such as 14