Life expectancy - Tiếng Anh | Trường Đại học Quy Nhơn

Ms Huyen
In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of this situation and give your own opinion.
Write at least 250 words. CAUSES
• improvements in life expectancy/ preventative health care: nh ng s ữ c ự ải thiện trong tu i ổ thọ/ chăm sóc s c ứ kh e ỏ phòng bệnh
• a decrease in fertility and mortality rates: m t
ộ sự giảm sút trong tỷ lệ sinh và t l ỷ ệ t ử
• declining mortality rates: tỷ lệ tử vong giảm PROBLEMS
• increase pressure on public finances: c
tăng áp lự lên tài chính công
• place an increasing burden on health care and social services: đặt áp lực ngày càng tăng lên chăm sóc s c ứ kh e
ỏ và các dịch vụ xã h i ộ
• face greater funding demands: i
đố mặt với nhu cầu trợ cấp l ớn hơn
• pressure on social care increases: áp l
ực lên chăm sóc xã hội gia tăng
• struggle to meet an ever increasing number of retired workers & pension commitments: khó khăn
để đáp ứng ngày càng nhiều người lao độ ề ng v
hưu & cam kết lương hưu
• place a higher burden on the shrinking working population: đặt m t ộ gánh n i
ặng cao hơn đố với dân số làm vi t
ệc đang bị hu hẹp dần
• more people claim pension benefits: nhi i
ều ngườ yêu cầu trợ cấp hưu trí
• face significant challenges to meet the needs of an ageing population: đối mặt với những thách thức đáng kể để đáp ứ
ng nhu cầu của dân số già
• struggle to live independent lives: khó khăn để s ng cu ố c ộ s c ống độ lập
• have limited access to health care professionals: tiếp cận hạn chế với các chuyên gia chăm sóc sức khỏe
• unaffordable medical treatment for chronic conditions: điều trị y tế c
đắt đỏ ho các bệnh mãn tính
• socially isolated and developmental and physical health issues: các v s ấn đề ức kh e ỏ thể chất và phát
triển và cô lập về mặt xã hội
• require high tax rates on the current, shrinking workforce: yêu cầu mức thuế cao đối với lực lượng
lao động hiện tại đang giảm dần
• a fall in productivity & growth: 1 s gi ự ng
ảm trong năng suất và tăng trưở
• a shortage of workers → push up wages → wage inflation: thiếu h y t
ụt công nhân → đẩ iền lương lên
→ lạm phát tiền lương Ms Huyen
• present many challenges to labour markets, government tax, government spending & the wider economy: u t
đưa ra nhiề hách thức đối với thị trường lao động, thuế chính phủ, chi tiêu chính phủ và nền kinh tế
• declining quality of life: chất lượng cu c ộ s ng gi ố ảm sút SOLUTIONS
• force people to save a proportion of their income: bu c ộ m i
ọi ngườ phải tiết kiệm m t ộ phần thu nhập của họ
• build age friendly cities & housing: xây dựng nhà ở và thành ph t
ố hích hợp với già hóa dân số
• study the economic & social implication of …: nghiên cứu ý nghĩa kinh tế & xã h i ộ của …
• plan decades ahead: lên kế hoạch cho các thập k t ỷ ới
• increase the retirement age from … to…: tăng tu i
ổ nghỉ hưu từ … lên …
• increase the role of the private sector ∼ increase the importance of the private sector: tăng vai trò của khu vực tư nhân
• increase tax to pay for pension costs:
tăng thuế để trả chi phí lương hưu
• encourage young migrants of working age ∼ e
∼ ncourage the immigration of young working
adults: khuyến khích người di cư trẻ trong độ tuổi lao động
• reform pension systems: cải cách hệ th ống hưu trí
PLAN & MODEL ESSAY Disadvantages Advantages
▪ Create demands on a nation’s
▪ Young people benefit from the wisdom health service of the elderly
➢ living longer -> more chances
➢ The world developed -> people need of suffering from serious
advice from older generations. -> illnesses health aspect is irrelevant
▪ Not always bring happiness if ▪
Retired people become healthier, and live longer more enjoyed their lives
➢ have few activities they can
➢ have the best of both worlds (the enjoy -> depression
benefits of widely differing situations, enjoyed at the same time.) Ms Huyen MODEL ESSAY:
Medical care over the past century has improved dramatically. As a consequence, the world’s population is
increasingly living long into old age. This tendency can bring both harmful effects and benefits. However, in my
opinion, the merits can overshadow the demerits for reasons as follows.
One obvious issue with an aging population is that it can create enormous demands on a nation’s health
service. As people live longer into their old age, the chances of them suffering from serious illnesses increases.
As a result, the likelihood of them requiring medical treatment becomes higher, and it becomes more difficult
to provide care for everyone. A further downside is that living longer does not necessarily bring happiness.
This is because an older person is unable to do many of the activities that they want to do, leading to the
likelihood of depression and a deterioration in their physical health.
Despite the above mentioned downsides, I believe that the benefits old age can bring to their family and
society seem more significant. One outstanding advantage to people living longer is that young people can
benefit for a longer time from the wisdom handed down to them by older members of their families. In
today’s fast-paced world, it is often comforting to seek advice from older generations. Consequently, the
physical health of a grandparent is almost irrelevant, as the children and grandchildren will benefit from the
experience of an older mind. What is more, retired people today are generally much healthier than they have
ever been, and often enjoy their lives more than they did when they were young. They have the best of both
worlds – a family that can care for and look up to them, and better health than at any time in human history.
Weighing up both sides of the argument again, although there are a number of problems that aging
population might bring, predominantly health-related, the positives that it has for the family unit and to the
community on a larger scale are impossible to ignore
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