NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 MỚI THEO TỪNG UNIT
UNIT 3: TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE
I. Câu tường thuật tiếng Anh là gì? 1. Câu trực tiếp:
– Xuất phát trực tiếp từ người nói
– Xuất phát từ người nghe truyền đạt lại chính xác những ý, từ ngữ mà người nói đã nói để
tăng phần kịch tích cho câu chuyện hoặc để nhấn mạnh những từ ngữ vui hoặc lạ mà người nói đã dùng.
– Lời nói trực tiếp thường nằm trong dấu ngoặc kép (dấu trích dẫn) Ví dụ:
Marry says: “I feel angry and empty in the stomach. “
(Marry nói: “Tôi cảm thấy khó chịu và trống rỗng ở trong bụng.”)
Allen tells John: Marry said “I feel angry and empty in the stomach “.
(Allen nói với John: “Marry nói là ‘Tôi c ảm thấy khó chịu và trống rỗng ở
trong bụng.’’)
→ Câu nói I feel angry and empty in the stomach là lời nói trực tiếp được nói xuất
phát từ Marry và được trích dẫn nguyên câu từ Allen với động từ và chủ ngữ không thay đổi.
2. Câu tường thuật gián tiếp:
– Câu tường thuật tiếng Anh (reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói khi
người tường thuật chỉ muốn tường thuật lại thông tin, nội dung trong lời nói của người nói thay vì là từ ngữ.
– Câu tường thuật trong tiếng anh thường được sử dụng trong báo chí, báo cáo, văn bản hay
lời nói tường thuật lại một đoạn hội thoại.
Ví dụ: Nam says: ‘I feel tired’ → Nam said that he felt tired.
(Nam nói rằng cậu ấy cảm thấy mệt mỏi)
→ Câu Nam said that he is tired là câu tường thuật gián tiếp vì khi tường thuật
lại, ta đã đổi chủ ngữ từ I thành he và động từ feel thành felt.
II. Cấu trúc câu tường thuật gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh
Khi muốn thay đổi 1 câu trần thuật trực tiếp sang 1 câu trần thuật gián tiếp, chúng ta dùng
động từ ‘say/tell’ để giới thiệu. Đồng thời cần áp dụng các quy tắc sau:
1. Thay đổi thì của động từ
• Nếu động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn (say/ tell) thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp giữ nguyên
thì trong câu trực tiếp.
Ví dụ:“I always drink coffee in the morning”, she says.
→ She says that she always drinks coffee in the morning.
Nếu động từ giới thiệu ở thì quá khứ (said/ told) thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp cần thay đổi như sau:
Thì trong lời nói trực tiếp
Thì trong lời nói gián tiếp Hiện tại đơn →Quá khứ đơn “I like sciences.”
He said (that) he liked sciences.
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
→ Quá khứ tiếp diễn
“I am staying for a few days.”
She said (that) she was staying for a few days.
Hiện tại hoàn thành
→ Quá khứ hoàn thành “Nick has left.”
She told me (that) Nick had left.
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
→ Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
“Linda has been learning English She told me (that) Linda had been learning English for for 12 years” 12 years Quá khứ đơn
→ Quá khứ hoàn thành “Nick left this morning.”
She told me (that) Nick had left that morning.
→ Quá khứ tiếp diễn/ Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn tiếp diễn
“I was doing my homework.”
She said (that) she was doing her homework/ she had been doing her homework Will → Would
“Man will travel to Mars.”
He said (that) man would travel to Mars. Can → Would “We can swim.”
They told us (that) they could swim. May → Would
“We may live on the moon.”
He said (that) We might live on the moon.
2. Đổi ngôi của đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và đại từ sỡ hữu.
Trong lời nói tr ực tiếp
Trong l ời nói gián tiếp I → he/ she we → they you → i/ he/ she my → his/ her our → their your → my/ his/ her mine → his/ hers ours → theirs
3. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Trạng từ trong câu trực tiếp
Trạng từ trong câu gián ti ếp now →then today → that day here → there this week → that week tomorrow
→ the following day/ the next day yesterday
→ the day before/ the previous day last month
→the month before/ the previous month tonight →that night ago → before next week
→ the following week/ the week after these → those Ví dụ:
He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week.
III. Cấu trúc Câu hỏi gián tiếp - Reported questions
a. Các quy tắc khi chuyển câu hỏi trực tiếp sang câu hỏi gián tiếp
- Động từ tường thuật được sử dụng trong Câu hỏi Gián tiếp thường là: asked, required,
wondered, wanted to know .
- Áp dụng quy tắc đổi Đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu giống câu Trần thuật Gián tiếp.
- Áp dụng quy tắc đổi Thì của động từ giống câu Trần thuật Gián tiếp.
– Áp dụng quy tắc đổi các Trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn giống câu Trần thuật Gián tiếp.
- Câu hỏi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp phải được chuyển về dạng KHẲNG ĐỊNH và lược bỏ dấu hỏi chấm.
b. Các dạng câu hỏi gián tiếp Dạng Cấu trúc
Câu hỏi Wh-Questions (câu hỏi bắt
S + asked/wondered/wanted to know
đầu bằng các từ để hỏi như: What, where, + O +Wh- + S + V…. when, why, how…) Ví dụ:
He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
→ He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
S + asked/wondered/wanted to know
+ O + if/whether + S + V…. Câu hỏ Ví dụ:
i Yes/No Questions: Dùng “if
hoặc whether”để bắt đầu câu hỏi Yes/No
He said to me, “Will you go with her father gián tiếp. next week?”
→ He asked me if/whether I would go with
her father the following week.
IV. Bài tập vận dụng
Choose the correct answer
1. My father always says that he ( is/was) very proud of me
2. Mary told me she (will/would) visit me this summer
3. Jim wonders whether jane ( liked/ likes) him or not
4. My teacher ( says/said) that we had to finish our assignment on time
5. They told me that the ( are/ were) going to move their house the following month.
6. My sister said she (can/ could) win the competion if she tried her best.
7. I told Jim that he ( is/ was) the most intelligent person I knew.
8. The mechanic said that it ( cost/ costs ) up to $50 to fix my car.
9. The ( say/ said) that they would help me if they had free time.
10. Jim said that he ( has just got / had just got ) a new bike. Đáp án
1. My father always says that he is very proud of me
2. Mary told me she would visit me this summer
3. Jim wonders whether jane likes him or not
4. My teacher said that we had to finish our assignment on time
5. They told me that the were going to move their house the following month.
6. My sister said she could win the competion if she tried her best.
7. I told Jim that he was the most intelligent person I knew.
8. The mechanic said that it cost up to $50 to fix my car.
9. The said that they would help me if they had free time.
10. Jim said that he had just got a new bike.
Rewrite these following sentences, using the verb in brackets and a to-infinitive clause.
1. “Can I borrow your pencil? (ask)
He _________________________________
2. “You ought to take a break, Andrew” (advise)
He _________________________________
3. “Why don’t we sing a few songs?” (suggest)
He _________________________________
4. “Would you like to come on a picnic with us?” (invite)
He _________________________________
5. “Stay away from me” (warn)
He _________________________________ Đáp án
1. He asked to borrow my pencil
2. He advised Andrew to take a break
3. He suggested singing a few songs
4. He invited me/ us to come on a picnic with them
5. He warned me me to stay away from him
Change into reported speech: normal type
1. They told us: “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores”
….……………………………………………………………………………
2. He said “I will go to school by bus tomorrow”
….……………………………………………………………………………
3. Phong said “I need to learn more vocabulary”
….……………………………………………………………………………
4. His brother told him “You can use my computer today”
….……………………………………………………………………………
5. Mai said “I cannot go to the movies with you, Nam”
….……………………………………………………………………………
6. Jim asked his girlfriend: “How many pairs of shoes do you have?”
….……………………………………………………………………………
7. “Are you going to London next week?” Peter asked Jane.
….……………………………………………………………………………
8. “Have you done the laundry?” Mom asked my sister.
….……………………………………………………………………………
9. “Does your brother live in London, Peter?” Jane asked.
….……………………………………………………………………………
10. “What are you doing now?” Jim asked his sister.
….……………………………………………………………………………
11. “Did you enjoy the party last night?” my classmate asked me.
….…………………………………………………………………………… Đáp án
1. They told us their friends would get the award their highest scores.
2. He said he would go to school by bus the following day.
3. Phong said he needed to learn more vocabulary.
4. His brother told him he could use his computer that day.
5. Mai said she could not go to the movies with Nam.
6. Jim asked his girlfriend that how many pairs of shoes she had.
7. Peter asked Jane whether she was going to London the following week.
8. Mom asked my sister whether she had done the laundry.
9. Jane asked Peter whether his brother lived in London.
10. Jim asked his sister what she was doing then.
11. My classmate asked me whether I enjoyed the party the previous night.
Circle the correct answer
1. Jim said to me: “ They will build a new bridge across this river this year”.
A. Jim said to me that they will build a new bridge across this river this year.
B. Jim said to me that they woul build a new bridge across this river this year.
C. Jim said to me that they would build a new across that river that year.
2. My mother often tells me :’ You need to take care of yourself”.
A. My mother often tells me that I need to take care of yourself.
B. My mother often tells me that I need to tke care of herself
C. My mother often tells me that I need to take care of myself
3. Peter informed me : “ They canceled the meeting yesterday”.
A. Peter informed me that they canceled the meeting yesterday.
B. Peter informed me that they had canceled the meeting yesterday.
C. Peter informed me that they had canceled the meeting the day before.
4. Peter and Jane said to me:’ Our wedding will be held next week”.
A. Peter and Jane said to me that my wedding would be held next week.
B. Peter and Jane said to me that their wedding would be held the nwxt week.
C. Peter and Jane said to me that their wedding would be held the following week.
5. I told him:’ I am busy this week so I can’t come to your party.”
A. I told him that I was busy this week so I can’t come to my party.
B. I told him that I was busy that week so I couldn’t come to my party
C. I told him that I was busy that week so I couldn’t come to his party. Gợi ý đáp án 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C