Pdfcoffee - semantics - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Sen

CHAPTER 2- EXERCISES LIP
John: "Darling, do you want to go out to the show tonight?" Laura: "I'm feeling ill."
John: "That's ok. You stay there and I'll make soup."
Notice how Laura didn't respond to John's question by saying, "No, I don't want to go out to the show
tonight." What she actually said — her locutionary act — was "I'm feeling ill."
An illocutionary act is what a person does in saying something else. Locution is speech. In-locution
(in speaking) becomes il-locution through phonetic assimilation. In saying that she feels ill, Laura
was telling John that she doesn't want go out.
Beyond communicating the state of her health and the answer to John's question, Laura
accomplished one more thing through saying "I'm feeling ill." She got John to make her some soup.
A perlocutionary act (per-locutionary, through speaking) is focused on the response others have to a speech act. Exercise
1. The bus won’t move until your boys move in out of the doorway.
+ Locutionary act: The driver is saying she won’t move the bus with people standing in the doorway.
+ Illocutionary act: An order to clear the doorway.
+ Perlocutionary act: The boys move out of the doorway. 2. It’s hot in here.
+ Locutionary act: The woman performed the act of saying it is hot (referring to the temperature.
+ Illocutionary act: Request (Turn on the fan)/ Complaint.
+ Perlocutionary act: Someone turned on the fan.
3. May I borrow your laptop?
+ Locutionary act: The man performed the act of saying if he could borrow my laptop.
+ Illocutionary act: Polite request.
+ Perlocutionary act: Whether I give it to him or not. 4. You are fired.
+ Locutionary act: The boss performed the act of saying that the employee is fired.
+ Illocutionary act: Complaint (you have done your job badly)/ order (get out of the company)
+ Perlocutionary act: The employee leaves the company or not.
Direct and Indirect speech act
1. The syntactic form (sentence type) corresponds with language function+ when
what you mean exactly what you say. Can you swim? => D I order you to live => D
2. The syntactic form (sentence type) does not correspond with language function +
when what you mean is different from the literal meaning of what is said.
Can you pass me the salt? I (both) Exercises:
1. I am sorry that I can’t come to the phone at the moment. Declarative- Apology => D
2. Please leave the message after the tone => Imperative- request- D
3. We’ll get back to you. Declarative- promise- D
4. Could you give me a call? Interrogative- request- I
5. Give me a call- Imperative- request- D
6. This is 94571769. Declarative- Giving information- D
I can’t answer the phone right now. Declarative- apology- I
Please leave a message after the tone. Imperative- Request- D
7. It’s me again. Declarative- Stating the fact- D
I am trying to organize the barbecue for John’s birthday on Saturday. Declarative- Announcing an intention- D
Can you give me a call? Interrogative- request- I
Let me know if you’ll be coming. Imperative- request- D
8. Who want to share why A is important? Me me! Ok. Oh, no one.:))
 Misunderstand the indirect speech as: Interrogative- Request/ Suggestion
(ask someone to share their opinion) into asking if there is anyone who can answer this question.
9. On the car, you didn’t wear your seat bell. Your friend said: “Do you have money to pay the fine?”
=> Interrogative- Sarcasm remark- Indirect.
10. While my friend is driving, I text him. He replied: “I am driving”
=> D: stating the fact that he is driving.
I: Command: I am driving. Call me later.
11. Can I take your order?: Interrogative- Offer- Indirect
12. Are you going to leave the door open? Interrogative- Order- I
13. My pen isn’t working- Declarative- Request- I
14. Clean your desk by the end of the day- Declarative- Firing- I
15. How beautiful you look today! Exclamative- Express feelings (praising)- D
16. You didn’t study last night? Declarative- Inquiring- I
17. I quit- Declarative- quitting- Direct
A. Identifying Illocutionary Acts
A friend says to another friend, “Why don’t you like to ski?”
 Suggestion: Let’s go skiing. (Directives)  Question
A fathers says to his child, “Why don’t you spend less time watching TV?”
 Order: Don’t watch TV too much (Directives)
A child says to her playmate, “Yippee–cookies!!.”
 Request: Give me some cookies (directives)  Expressive
A doctor says to a patient, “I advise you to stop smoking.”  Directives
One secretary says to another, “My daughter’s getting married in August.”  representatives  Reminding
 Suggestion/ Invitation (Derectives)
A priest says over an infant, “I baptize you in the name of . . .”  Naming (Declaration)
A mother says to her daughter, “Who washed the dishes?”  Question
A passerby says to a motorist with a flat tire, “Let me help you with that.”  Offering (Commisive)
A woman says to someone next to her at the grocery store, “It’s going to be a very windy day.”
 Predicting (Representative)
A police officer says to a young man who was speeding, “You’re under arrest”  Declaration
A coach says to a team member, “Way to go!”
 Congratulating/ Complimenting (Expressives)
A teenage boy says to another teenage boy, “Go ahead–Make me!”  Threatening (COmmisives)
An umpire says, “Strike Three!”  Declaration
One friend says to another, “I swear I won’t see Martha again.”  Swearing (Commissives)
A parent says to her child, “I forbid you to leave your room.”
 Forbidding (directive)
A man says to a friend, “What time is it?”
 Asking for information (Question)
A buyer says to a seller, “I agree with your terms”  Commissives
A judge says to a happy couple, “I now pronounce you husband and wife.” -=> Declaration Utterance (Locutionary Syntactic Form Illocutionary Act Act) (Intention) You might give me a hand Declarative Declarative Directive Request- Asking for with this. help
*note: a “declarative” is different
than a “declaration.” A declarative
is a simple statement of fact, while
a declaration is the illocutionary act of changing the status of something. And you are . . . Declarative Declarative Directive Request- Introducing yourself Could you keep quiet? Yes-No Question Directive Request/ Order Interrogative
I’m sorry to hear about your Declarative Declarative Expressive Condolence loss. If I don’t get an A in this Declarative Declarative Directive course, I’ll lose my
scholarship [said by a failing student to her teacher] Can I give you a hand with Yes-No Question Commissive Offer that? Interrogative You can give me a hand with Declarative Declarative Directive Request this Why don’t you give me a Question Interrogative Directive Suggestion hand with this?