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  lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
TABLANGUAGE OF NEWSPAPER  I. DEFINITION  1. Newspaper  NEWSPAPER = NEWS + PAPER      The word ‘news’ means 
‘tidings, new information of recent 
events’. original means the papers with 
news about everything: Newspaper is a 
paper that is printed usually daily or 
weekly and that contains news, articles 
of opinion, features, and advertising,  etc. 
A printed publication (usually issued daily or weekly) consisting of folded 
unstapled sheets and containing news, feature articles, advertisements, and 
correspondence. (Definitions from Oxford Languages) 
A document consisting of news reports, articles, and photographs that is 
published every day or every week (Cambridge Business English Dictionary)  2. Online newspaper 
An online newspaper (or electronic news or electronic news publication) is 
the online version of a newspaper, either as a stand-alone publication or as the 
online version of a printed periodical 
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_newspaper) 
A newspaper is a regularly printed document consisting of large sheets of 
paper that are folded together, or a website, containing news reports, articles, 
photographs, and advertisements. 
(https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/newspaper)      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
They offer several advantages over traditional newspapers, such as: 
● Timeliness: Online newspapers can provide breaking news in realtime, 
which is not possible with print media. 
● Accessibility: Online newspapers can be accessed from anywhere in the 
world with an internet connection.  ● Interactivity:  Online newspapers allow  readers to interact with the  content by commenting on  articles, sharing them on  social media, and more. 
● Cost-effectiveness: Online newspapers are often cheaper than print media 
because they do not require printing and distribution costs. 
However, online newspapers also have some disadvantages. For example, 
they may not be accessible to people who do not have access to the internet or 
who prefer reading print media. Additionally, online newspapers may be less 
reliable than traditional newspapers because anyone can publish content online 
without proper fact-checking or editorial oversight. 
II. COMPARE ARTICLE AND NEWSPAPER 1. FORM 
Newspapers and articles are both written forms of communication, but they 
have some key differences in terms of form and purpose:    Newspaper  Article  Format 
have a standardized format that Articles are more flexible in 
includes sections like the front page, format and can vary widely.  local  news,  national 
and They can be found in various  international news, business,  publications, including        lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847   sports,  entertainment,  and magazines, websites, and 
classifieds. The front page typically academic  journals.  The 
features headlines and images.  format can include long 
narratives, images, charts, and  graphics, depending on the  type of article.  Publicatio 
Newspapers are typically published Articles can be published on  n 
daily, although some local or different  schedules, 
smaller newspapers may be depending on the publication.  Frequency published weekly.  Magazines may be monthly or  quarterly,  while  online 
articles can be published daily  or as often as needed.  Objective 
Newspapers aim to provide Articles cover a wide variety  Reporting 
objective reporting of current of subjects, such as health, 
events. They follow established science, lifestyle, culture, and 
journalistic standards and are opinion pieces. They often 
expected to present the news in a explore a topic in-depth.  neutral and balanced manner.  Length 
News articles in newspapers are The length of articles can vary 
generally concise and to the point, significantly, from short op-
often consisting of around 300 to eds of a few hundred words to  800  words.  They 
prioritize in-depth investigative pieces  delivering  the  most 
critical or longform features that may  information quickly.  run several thousand words.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
Authorship Articles in newspapers are usually Articles can be written by a 
written by journalists or reporters.  wide range of authors,   
The byline provides the name of the including journalists, experts,  author or contributor.  academics, and contributors.  Authorship is clearly stated.  2. ELEMENTS 
Newspapers and articles share some common elements but also have 
differences in terms of their structure and content. Here's a comparison of the 
elements of newspapers and articles: 
Common Elements: 
Headlines: Both newspapers and articles use headlines to grab readers' 
attention and provide a brief summary of the main topic or story. 
Byline/Authorship: Both include the name of the author or contributor  responsible for the  content. This helps  readers identify the  writer.  Text: Both contain  written text, which  forms the body of the 
content. This text provides the main information, details, and context for the  topic. 
Images: Newspapers and articles often include visuals like photographs, 
illustrations, charts, and graphics to complement the written content and make  it more engaging. 
Subheadings: Both may use subheadings to divide the content into sections 
or to provide additional context and organization within the text. 
Differences in Elements:      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847 Newspaper: 
Sections: Newspapers are typically divided into various sections, such as local 
news, national/international news, business, sports, entertainment, and more. 
Each section contains articles specific to that category. 
Layout: Newspapers follow a standardized layout with columns of text, which 
can vary in length, and often have a traditional, formal appearance. 
Inverted Pyramid Style:  News articles in newspapers  follow the inverted pyramid  style, where the most  important information is 
presented at the beginning, and  the details are provided in  descending    order   of importance.    Quotes:    Newspapers 
frequently include quotes from sources, experts, or people involved in the 
news story to provide direct insights and perspectives. 
Short and Concise: News articles in newspapers are typically concise and to 
the point, focusing on delivering the most crucial information efficiently.  Article: 
Flexibility in Structure: Articles have a more flexible structure. They can be 
found in various publications and may have varying formats, including long 
narratives, op-eds, interviews, or in-depth features. 
Topic Diversity: Articles cover a wide range of topics, from health, science, 
and lifestyle to culture, opinions, and analysis.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
Length Variation: Articles can vary in length significantly, from short pieces 
of a few hundred words to lengthy, in-depth articles that may run several  thousand words. 
Style: Articles can have a more personal or opinionated style, depending on 
the nature of the content and the publication. 
Content Depth: Articles often provide more extensive coverage and 
exploration of a topic, allowing for in-depth analysis and discussions.   
III. FUNCTIONS OF NEWSPAPER  1. To inform people 
● This function plays an important role in a newspaper to inform its  readership. 
● Newspapers provide facts that readers must have in order to be informed 
citizens and to make decisions. => Referential function  Example:  When reading The New  York Times (New York,  Thursday, April 23, 1970), 
readers can get information  about the event of millions  of people joining Earth Day  observances Across the    nation. 
2. To promote certain political views 
● Through this function, newspapers help to ensure and maintain the duties 
and ways that the government or the state to the people, from the people to 
the state wants to offer, and faithfully reflect thoughts and prayers.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
● The desire of the government or the state toward the people in order to raise 
their political awareness and self-awareness is a means of contributing to 
the perception of society today. => Influential function  Example: 
In the paper entitled “Abrams vows 
to press new secretary of state for 
more inclusive ballot access” on 
UPW (December 20-31, 2018), the  state shows the duty that the 
government promises to press for a 
new secretary of state for more  inclusive ballot access.    3. To entertain people 
● Newspapers also seek to offer a diversion and simply entertain. 
Nowadays, many newspapers will publish crosswords, games and 
puzzles. Many feature cartoon strips and humorous writings. 
=> Entertainment function  Example:  When  reading  Philippine  Daily  InquirerEntertainment,  readers  can 
entertain with Juan Karlos, PH fans 
through the flexing singing chops in Lukas  Gram concert.        lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
4. To provide a service to readers 
● Local newspaper act as community bulletins, providing information  about local events and issues  Example:  Newspaper  Thừa  Thiên  Huế 
published on September 25, 2019 
provided information about the role 
of lagoon economy in building new 
rural areas in Thua Thien Hue.   
5. To raise people’s awareness 
● Newspapers can be so influential that they can affect the way we 
think about international events and British politics by presenting  issues in a certain way. 
● The choice of words, the decisions about which facts to include and 
which to exclude, the ranking of events on the front page all 
influence the reader. The editor of a newspaper will seek to present 
the world in a certain way so that the intended audience identifies  with the paper’s viewpoint.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847 Example: 
The edit of the Thừa Thiên Huế 
news was published on October 
18, 2023 seeks to present events 
and information to focus on the  message of preserving and  promoting heritage values so  that the intended audience  identify  with  the  paper’s  viewpoint.   
Conclusion: The function of newspaper language is to inform and entertain 
people, and to present them with a particular ideology and an interpretation of  events. 
IV. FEATURES OF NEWSPAPER  1. Headline language 
a. There are three headlines:  
● The main HEADLINE will be larger than the others and may 
occasionally be in colour to draw attention. 
● The STRAPLINE or OVERLINE is the secondary headline 
that appears above the main one. It is used to provide extra 
information or to clarify the main headline. 
● The SUB-HEADLINE follows the main headline, and  qualifies or elaborates it.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
⇨ Headlines need to be simple, easily readable and appropriate to the 
kind of newspaper in which they are printed. 
⇨ Headlines have been affected by ideas to be expressed, kind of 
reader, paper’s house style.   b. The lexis 
● The lexis chosen indicate simple, easily readable as 
something about the political persuasion of the newspaper 
and about the intended audience. 
● Analyzed connotation of the words and the point of view  conveyed 
● Headlines in broadsheets: factual, interpretation 
● Headlines in tabloids: sensation  c. The Style 
● The style of headlines is important: they need to be simple, but 
must also create impact. 
● There are two style of newspaper: tabloid and broadsheet  TABLOID:       lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847 ✔ 
Being common and headlines will often disrupt  collocations. 
✔Having/being a less formal tone and not being serious  about the issue. 
✔Focusing on human – interest stories  BROADSHEET:  ● Informative  ● Straightforward  d. Structure 
● The structure of headline are noun phrases (noun strings) 
● Using omission and passive voice to focus the attention of the  reader.  e. Ambiguity  ⮚ Having two meanings:  ✔Depending on word class      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847 ✔ 
✔Different connotations of a word alter the meaning 
✔Word order is altered to make the headline concise ⮚ Kinds  of ambiguity: 
✔Kinds of vocabulary will give readers some senses about  news 
The way in which participants and location are named 
are another means of distinguishing between the two  different kinds of reportage. 
✔The connotation of word are used very interesting in  reports. 
✔Both broadsheet and tabloids use modifiers to help  journalist to provide detail. 
✔Abbreviates are used to add extra detail. 
⮚ Some kinds of adverbials: time, place, manner, 
reason, method… are added by answering 
question like now: When, Why, Where, What for,  How long? 
⮚ In broadsheet or compacts they provide accurate  information      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847 ✔ 
⮚ In tabloids they develop a sense of narrative. 
✔Selective perception means that although report might 
cover the same event, the information included may not  the same.  2. Report  a. Lexis 
● Using informal/formal lexis  ● Modifier 
The noun phrases contain modifier, that dramatise the  central characters 
✔They used pre-modification prepositional phrase  postmodifiers 
● The naming of participants and places  ✔Participants  ✔Places  b. Grammar  Tabloids:  
● Simple and compound sentences 
● Short paragraph: 1-3 sentences      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847 ✔ 
● Developing a chatty approach 
Broadsheets/ compacts:  ● Wider variety of sentence 
● Avoid cramming too many ideas into one sentence: a sentence 
should communicate no more than one idea or two connected ideas 
and should not exceed a maximum of thirty words.  c. Style 
● Marked themes bring clause elements other than the 
subject to the front of the sentence and give them  prominence. 
● Use of passive voice rather than the active also has this  effect.      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
● Use both direct and indirect speech – they may directly quote the exact words 
spoken by an individual or they may report those words indirectly. 
● Chronological structure:  d. Sources 
●Are important in newspaper articles and provide another way to 
distinguish between tabloids and broadsheets 
●Informative and Straightforward 
✔ Broadsheets: cite official sources 
✔Tabloids: cite ordinary people who have no particular authority. 
Conclusion: All the features discussed above help to indicate the point of view 
or ideology of a newspaper. By contrasting the approach of two or more reports, 
a linguist can come to continuous about the intended audience and the house style  of a paper.  Example:       lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847   1. HEADLINE 
- 1.2. The lexis simple,   1.1. Headline:   - easily readable Headlines 
- Main headline “Texas Officials Had  in broadsheets:  
Few Rules For Power Grid”: larger 
factual and interpretation: “few 
than the others and may occasionally 
- rules”, “weak points” 
be in colour (black, italicized and 
Using of present tense verbs and  bold) to draw attention.  passive voice “raised” to 
emphasize the impact that Texas 
- The Strapline “Weak Points in System 
had few rules for power grid. => 
Raised Blackout Risk” provide extra  Government power policies 
information and to clarify the main 
happened in the past (“had few 
headline in which the paper focuses 
rules”) but their effects still last 
on analyzing the weaknesses in the  to the present. 
government's responsibility for 
increasing the risk of power outages  in this region.  1.3. The Style:   1.4. Structure:     - simple, and create impact. 
- The structure of headline “Texas 
Officials Had Few Rules For      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847   - Informative  and  straightforwa   rd 
Power Grid” is a simple sentence 
related to the subject that Texas 
and affirmative sentence => to 
officials had few rules for the power  grid.  increase emphasis on the 
government's responsibility for 
the electric energy management  situation in Texas. 
- The Strapline “Weak Points in 
System Raised Blackout Risk” is  a noun phrase (noun strings). 
- Using omission (relative clause), 
and passive voice (“Weak Points 
in System Raised Blackout Risk”)  to focus the attention of the 
reader. By choosing the passive 
voice, the journalist was able to 
foreground the object of active 
sentence (“weak points”)    1.5.Ambiguity:       - Word class:    +   common nouns   (“rules”, 
“officials”, “risk”, “power”, “grid” 
+ concrete nouns: “Texas”, 
- Participants: Texas officials, the 
government of “Republic of Texas”  and Texans 
- Location: Texas in US.        lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847 2. REPORT   2.2. Grammar   2.1. Lexis  
Broadsheets/ compacts:    
- The report is a broadsheet-> influence Wider variety of sentence  the reader 
Ex: “Texas, the nation’s leading energy-
- Using formal lexis =>The formal tone producing state, seemed like the last 
of the popular paper’s reader headline place on Earth that could run out of 
helps to create a different kind of energy.” (simple sentence) 
relationship with readers: the report is 
factual (“Texas has been built on the The dominance of the energy industry 
oil-and-gas business for the last 120 and the “Republic of Texas” ethos 
became a devastating liability when 
years, ever since the discovery of oil energy stopped flowing to millions of 
on Spindletop Hill near Beaumont in Texans who shivered and struggled 
through a snowstorm that paralyzed  1901”. 
much of the state” (complex sentence) 
- The proper noun: “Spindletop Hill”, 
“Mr. Bush”, “Beaumont”, “Texans”, 
“University of Houston”, “Ed Hirs”, 
- They used pre-modification and 
prepositional phrase post-modifiers 
- The naming of participants and  places 
✔ the location: “Beaumont in 
1901”; “Houston”, “across the  plains of West Texas”  ✔ Participants: Mr. Bush,      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847  2.3. Style    2.4. Sources  
Marked themes: Across the plains of West 
Broadsheets: cite official sources. 
Texas, the pump jacks that resemble giant 
“Deregulation was something akin 
bobbing hammers define not just the 
landscape but the state itself: Texas has been 
to abolishing the speed limit on an 
built on the oil-and-gas business for the last 
interstate highway,” said 
120 years, ever since the discovery of oil on 
EdHirs, an energy fellow at the 
Spindletop Hill near Beaumont in  University of Houston. 
1901=> brings clause element other than the “Competition in the electric industry 
subject to the front of the sentence and give will benefit Texans by reducing monthly 
rates and offering consumers more  them prominence. 
choices about the power they use,”  Use of passive voice:  George W. Bush, 
Use both direct and indirect speech: 
+ “Competition in the electric industry will 
benefit Texans by reducing monthly rates and 
offering consumers more 
choices about the power they use,” George 
W. Bush… (direct speech) 
+ Across the plains of West Texas, the pump 
jacks that resemble giant bobbing hammers 
define not just the landscape… (indirect  speech)    V.  TYPES OF NEWSPAPER 
A. Depending on publication policy 
, there are two types of newspaper: 
popular newspaper and quality newspaper. 
The popular newspaper's policy is primarily to report on soft news- readily 
interpreted by all types of audiences, regardless of their level of education. 
Readers may not require any prior experience or advanced knowledge to      lOMoAR cPSD| 58794847
comprehend the news. Soft news covers news on violence, major accidents, 
homicide, rape, entertainment, and disasters. People are more likely to pay 
attention to bad news than good news, so soft news is the news that more people 
would pay attention to. Furthermore, popular newspapers prefer to use 
eyecatching vocabulary and eye-catching phrases, as well as pictures in 
bright colors such as green, orange, and pink, to distract readers. In order to 
capture people's interest, popular newspapers prefer to publish in a 
straightforward and entertaining manner. 
A quality newspaper is not the same as a popular newspaper. Although popular 
newspapers focus on soft news, quality newspapers focus on hard news. Political 
news, economic news, social news, environmental news, and so on are examples 
of hard news. For those with no background knowledge, hard news is complicated 
and challenging to grasp. Furthermore, difficult, informative, and indirect 
language is used to report hard news. As a result, readers must be able to  comprehend it. 
Reah and Richardson, using somewhat different terminology, classify newspapers 
into three types. Reah (2002) makes a distinction among 'broadsheets', 'middle 
ranged' tabloids and 'tabloids'. ‘Broadsheets’ and ‘quality’ newspapers are taken 
as similar and ‘tabloids’ and ‘popular’ newspapers are considered as synonyms. 
Tabloid papers focus more on celebrity issues and tend to sensationalise. 
Broadsheets tend to be more informative, covering more political and  international news. 
B. Depending on type of story  : classify into 3 types    1. 
Action stories( factual statement) 
- Create stories from incidents: the naming of participants and places are real 
- Introductory headline: capture the reader’s attention. Concentrate on exactly 
what was happened, short, no more than 20 words