English I. TOURISM PRODUCTS 1.1 NOTION 
"Tourism" is a term that we all know, so each person will have a
different understanding of "tourism". This comes from the role and the
position of each person, so there's still a lot of difference in the perception
of tourism. In general, we can understand tourism as follows: "Tourism is
understood as the behavior of traveling to a place other than your
habitual residence for non-business purposes, i.e., not to find a job,
business, or subsistence" (according to the International Union of
Official Tourism Organizations).
 “Products” are goods or services created and supplied to the market to satisfy consumer needs.  TOURISM PRODUCT :
- From a legal perspective under Clause 5, Article 3 of the 2007 Tourism
Law examines tourism products as follows: “Tourism products are a
collection of services based on the exploitation of tourism resource
values to satisfy the needs of visitors ”. However, this concept has not
been considered perfect and there are still many shortcomings.
- The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has stated that: Tourism
products are a combination of 3 constituent groups including Service
Systems - Executive Management, Travel Resources, Infrastructure
system and technical facilities.
=> Tourism products are a service that provides goods to tourists. In it, the
product is made up of the exploitation of natural social factors and the use of
resources such as labor, facilities, equipment ... of a region or a country. o
Transportation services: These are means of service, supporting
tourism activities in the carriage of goods, tourists to tourist
destinations or other parts that are a basic part of a travel product
including vehicles such as: Airplanes, cars of all kinds,
motorcycles, bicycles, boats,… o
Accommodation and food services: The main component that
creates tourism products for eating and staying including tents, restaurants, hotels … o
Sightseeing services: These are the kinds of services that enable
visitors to appreciate the natural beauty of tourist locations.
Depending on the needs of the tourist, a guide may or may not be
included in this service. These include tourism attractions,
historical sites, parks, festivals, and scenic areas. o
Goods for sale: These are goods offered in tourist destinations to
meet costumers’s sastisfy and psychology. o
Support in making applications for passports, visas... o
Beach tourism, eco-tourism, rural tourism, shopping tourism
and spiritual tourism are all among the popular types of tourism today in Vietnam.
1.2. Features of tourism products:
Travel products include many factors: food service, souvenirs, transportation
services, hotels, package travel combo services, tour services, etc. As a result,
there are many distinct aspects of the sector that make up the features of travel products. Firstly, intangbility
Both naturally occurring and physical forms of travel goods do not exist.
However, because it was made by people, you cannot hold, touch, or hold it to
evaluate its quality if you haven't paid for it.
Before putting their faith in a reputable travel product provider, tourists may
only evaluate the quality of travel products through information from the media, guides, and locals.
It won't be difficult to choose a location that offers high-quality tourism items
because most travelers have done their study on the typical local tourist attractions previosly. Secondly, inseparable
The fact that service emergence and consumption occur simultaneously
illustrates the interdependence of products and services. There are certain goods
and services that are only good at the moment they are produced, and there are
those that must be used on the spot in order to maintain their worth. Everything
takes place simultaneously in the same location.
In the same space: Travel products must be visited by tourists for consumption
and use, but cannot be transported to another location with guests. Due to this
characteristic, the travel product is inseparable from the origin that created the product.
At the same time: The operation hours of transportation vehicles including
buses, ships, and airplanes will be dominated by customer consumption time.
The customer service activities of these tourism products take place
continuously, at the same time with the customer's schedule, without specified holidays and breaks. Thirdly, heterogeneity
Because travel products are produced and created in many different ways; At
the same time, the raw materials and creators are also different, so travel
products are expressed in many different forms, so the product quality is not uniform.
We also cannot rely on any factors to synchronously evaluate the quality of
travel products except for the consumption, use, and feeling of it directly. User
comments are considered the most accurate review for service quality.
Then, perishable and can't be stored
Other than agricultural goods or traditional meals, tourism products also include
services offered by tourist agencies, such as lodging, eating, and transportation.
All products and services are used directly, are not converted to another form
for storage and are also lost if not used immediately.
No tour company requires food services and hotel room reservations to hold
passengers who arrive without an appointment so they won't lose money.
Products for travel are therefore perishable and cannot be kept in storage.
Final, non-transfer of ownership and use
The travel product is in your sole possession at the moment you purchase it. It is
not possible to change the name, change the owner or give it to anyone who
keeps the same value. Unless with air tickets, for Eco and Skyboss classes, there
is a service to change flight time, passenger name, but the accompanying cost to
change is not cheap, equal to a new ticket.
The characteristics of tourism products are associated with the characteristic
features of each type of tourism in particular and the tourism industry in
general. These characteristics are immutable and true in all cases.
1.3. Type of tourism products
1.3.1. Classified by trip purpose
Vietnamese tourism currently is divided into several different types. Tourism
categories are separated below according to the purpose of the tour.  Resort tourism
Because of the fact that modern visits essentially satisfy all consumer needs,
resort travel has steadily become the preferred option for many client groups.
The urge to spend time relaxing in opulent resorts to replenish energy
progressively becomes something that many people want as life becomes more hectic and demanding.
The benefit of this kind of travel is that it allows you to indulge in relaxation
and balanced activities like spa treatments and yoga sessions, which will make
you feel entirely at ease both inside and out.
The following are some well-known tourist resort locations in the present: Ho
Tram Vung Tau, Binh Chau - Ho Coc Vung Tau, Nha Trang coastal city, Con
Dao resort, Mui Ne tourism - Phan Thiet, Phu Quoc Travel,...  Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a type of tourism that combines the natural and cultural
conditions of Vietnam. This type takes place in areas with natural ecosystems
that are still quite well preserved in order to enjoy and enjoy the values that
nature brings. Currently, the Mekong Delta region is one of the most attractive
ecotourism destinations in Southern Vietnam.
Famous ecotourism destinations mentioned are: Con Phung tourist area, Xeo
Quyt tourist area, My Khanh tourist area, Tram Chim National Park - Dong
Thap, Tra Su cajuput forest - An Giang.
 Cultural and historical tourism
Cultural and historical tourism is a type of tourism that reflects humanistic
historical values, giving you a good view of the cultural history of each region
of the country. These are often group excursions that incorporate sightseeing
with stunning landscapes and cultural learning to make the trip more enjoyable.
There are many famous cultural and historical tourist destinations today such as
Hue - Da Nang - Hoi An Tourism: A unique cultural heritage route of the
Central region; Saigon Tourism: War Remnants Museum, Cu Chi Tunnels,...  Leisure travel
Sightseeing and discovery tourism is a popular form of tourism in our country
because nature is endowed with many unique beautiful scenes that attract people to find out.
The most popular tourist attractions in Vietnam today are: Ha Long Bay, Phong
Nha - Ke Bang cave, Sapa wonderful trekking route, Ninh Binh - Beauty of Tam Coc - Bich Dong,...
 Team Building Travel
In Vietnam, team-building activities will be performed in eco-tourism zones or
in tourist locations near to the sea. These days, a lot of individuals go on this
kind of vacation, especially since companies are increasingly putting out travel
programs to connect their employees and inspire them to perform their jobs more effectively.
In order to promote employee camaraderie and future job performance, tourism
may serve as a bridge to assist everyone in the group understand one another via sports or the arts.
1.3.2. Classified by operating territory  Domestic tourism
International tourism (inbound) is a form of tourism in which tourists traveling
in Vietnam or abroad return to Vietnam to travel.  Travel abroad
Outbound travel is a popular term in the travel service industry. This tourism
means that a person is living in one country and goes to another country to travel, visit, and explore.
1.3.3. Classified according to geographical characteristics of tourist destinations  Sea travel
This is a form of tourism based on nature, provinces and cities with long,
beautiful beaches invest in serving tourism, entertainment, relaxation, and swimming.  Mountain tourism
This is a tourism activity that takes place in a defined geographical space, with
specific hills, terrain and biodiversity or inhabited by local communities.  Field trip
This is a useful form of tourism for all ages, through fun, entertainment,
sightseeing to improve health and discover new things.  Garden tourism
This is an emerging form of tourism and is being exploited and developed in the
Mekong Delta provinces or provinces with temperate climates. Traveling to
fruit gardens , you can not only enjoy the cool, fresh air, but also enjoy fruits
and have fun to your heart's content.
1.3.4. Other ways to classify types of tourism
There are also some ways to classify other types of tourism such as:
 Classified by means of transport: plane travel, car travel, bicycle travel,...
 Classified by means of accommodation: hotels, motels, boarding xhouses,
camping grounds, tourist villages,...
 Classified by form of tourism organization: group tourism, family tourism, individual tourism
 Classified by contract method: package tour or partial tour
 Classification by age: teenage tourism, youth tourism, middle-aged tourism, senior tourism
Classified by travel time: short-term or long-term travel
1.4. Classification of tourism products
Tourism products were generated with the aim of satisfying customer demands,
promoting regional products, and increasing tourism in the region as a whole.
As a result, there are an increasing number of tourism goods featuring New and
distinctive points are introduced to the market, adding to the diversification of
tourism products. Tourism goods can be single or composite, depending on the
unit, business, and geographical factors.
The two categories of tourist products are single items and integrated products.  Single products
- A product developed by a supplier or a small company unit and released
on the market to cater to customers directly.
- The majority of young people who like experiencing, exploring, and
exploring on their own are the target market for single-product tourism.
- For instance: A hotel or homestay offers amenities including outdoor
barbecues, hot tub experiences, and self-driving vehicle rentals. A
restaurant or hotel proprietor might be the provider. It may be the rental
vehicle business, the trip organizer,...  Synthetic products
- A synthetic tourism product is one that combines a variety of services and
commodities to cover a visitor's whole trip or, alternatively, to meet a
variety of tourist demands all at once.
- Package travel combos, tours from travel businesses, tour sales units, and hotels are common examples.
- There is a wide variety of individual services available in these
combinations, including transportation, meals, lodging, and a few
additional combined services depending on the organizational unit.
For example: The vacation to Sapa in July 2023 from Vietravel Travel
Company will cost 1500k for 2 days and 1 night, which includes transportation,
lodging, and breakfast. This complete offering is appropriate for those who
travel in big groups, have limited time for independent exploration, and lack a
lot of expertise about tourism. Additionally, it enables you to confidently travel
wherever without worrying about difficulties like linguistic or cultural
differences, true to the slogan: “ Mọi thứ nếu khó, đã có chúng tôi lo”.
1.5. Principles for building tourism products:
A quality tourism product must comply with the following mandatory principles:
- Suitable for tourist needs: Tourist needs often change, so to make profits,
companies must diversify tourism products to suit customer needs. To do
that, it is necessary to have a strategy to research customer products, markets...
- Bring economic benefits: The ultimate purpose of providing tourism
products is to create profits. Therefore, tourism companies must consider
investment strategies and create attractive services, while reconciling
profit factors with nature conservation.
- Expressing uniqueness: Each region has its own unique cultural values.
When exploiting tourism products, it is necessary to demonstrate the
uniqueness and distinctiveness of the destination.
- - Total exploiting: It is important to concentrate on exploiting local
values, such as food, customs, etc., while marketing a tourism product.:
When exploiting a tourism product, it is necessary to focus on exploiting
surrounding values, such as cuisine, customs, etc.
- Comply with conservation principles: If you want to develop sustainable
tourism products, you must comply with conservation principles. Because
when value is lost, it will take time to recover or cannot be recovered.
II. TYPICAL TOURISM PRODUCTS
2.1. What are typical tourism products?
According to Duong Van Sau: Typical tourism goods are products generated by
the exploitation of endemic resources and resources of a place, companies make
products with their own mark and uniqueness of that area, and enterprises (en tơ
prai sịt) convey (ken vêy) to visitors through their own techniques, producing tourist.
 The diversity of tourism resources in cultural areas, the quality of
human resources, policy mechanisms (méc ca na sìm) and methods
and ways of exploiting and using resources, service styles,...will
create typical tourism products
 Typical tourism products are the products built on the unique,
original and representative value of tourism resources (natural and
human resources) for a territory or tourist destination with services
that not only satisfy the needs and expectations of visitors but also
impress them with originality and creativity.
 Typical tourism products are those that have the ability to
distinguish one locality from another, one destination from another.
The "uniqueness", "excellence" of tourism resources that rely on it
to develop specific tourism products may be "given" by nature or may be created by humans.
 Typical tourism products may be unique, unique but may be
attractive or unattractive, depending on whether this product is
suitable for the needs of the market.
 If the market can be attracted, typical tourism goods play a critical
role in orienting (o rien ting) tourism development, enticing (in taii
xing) the market, and developing tourism brands.
2.2. The role of typical tourism products:
 Becomes an impressive highlight in tourism programs
 Makes a statement and boosts visitor appeal by removing dullness and monotony (mờ nó tny)
 This will be tourist attractions and differences in service styles at those tourist attractions: -
Creating highlights in tourism programs: Uniqueness of the destination
(space, time, artifacts , people,..) -
Impressive service style through: Costumes, gender, body shape, age,
language, cultural images during the process of explaining and guiding
the creation of special tourism products beautiful, impressive, creating a
difference that other places do not have
 Clearly showcasing the locality's culture and resource qualities, making
an impression and persuading people to pick it as a location to visit, experience, and figure out.
2.3. Classification and level of typical tourism products 2.3.1. Classification
 Travel programs corresponding to types of tourism and areas where tourism activities take place.
For example: Spiritual tourism program at Hung Temple and Au Co Mau Temple in Phu Tho
 The way to organize and coordinate (cô ua đi nệt)various tourism
programs will create a new product of travel tourism.
Example: Waterfall climbing adventure tourism at Dalata waterfall (Da Lat
 To meet the demands of tourists, various tourism programs will provide various tourism goods.
For example: Night tour at Thang Long Imperial Citadel
 Build, transport, and supply unique souvenir items typical of each region,
creating an impression that satisfies the shopping needs of tourists.
 Price (including value and price): price contributes to creating tourism products.
Example: A typical travel products, but cannot be sold to customers because its
price does not match the customer's ability  Price adjustment.
In turn, the high demand for payment for services during tourism For  ces
businesses to create tourism products: "you get what you pay for. 2.3.2. Level
 Nationally specific tourism products: using tourism resources with the
highest uniqueness and characteristics compared nationwide.
 Regionally specific tourism products: using unique tourism resources of a
locality compared to other localities in the region.
2.4. Criteria(cry tia ria) of typical tourism products
- There are 8 main criteria to evaluate (i va liu ệt)
1.Exactly created to produce high-quality, sustainable (sụs tain able),
educational tourist experiences and promote the involvement of authorities,
companies, and local communities
2. Illustrates (i lợts trate) individuality ( ) by tying together the in đi vi zùa-aliti
distinctive qualities of nearby resources
3. Complies with the criteria (crai te ria) for shaping factors, including
originality, diversity, and adaptability (ơ đáp tơ bi li ty). It also has its own role
and a reasonably sustainable life cycle.
4. Meets the standards for the fundamental (fun đờ men tal) elements: simple
access, a wide selection of activities, and services tailored (teil lợt) to the needs of the visitors.
5. Satisfy the demands of certain tourist markets, at a scale that allows for
successful commercial (cơm mơ sure) operations, and in accordance ( ac cort
dance) with the impact and trends of those markets.
6. Meets environmental and social culture standards for economic
sustainability( sụs tain a bilit ) y 7. Benefit the neighborhood
8. Fulfill human resource needs and nurture human resources
2.5. Principles and requirements for developing typical tourism products
The construction and development of typical tourism products is also carried
out like any other tourism product, however, given the role and basic
characteristics of specific tourism products, a number of steps need to be taken.
currently complies with principles and requirements to ensure optimal promotion of specific values.
Typical requirements in the process of developing specific tourism products:
• Concentrated investment: Invest in the efficient exploitation of the values
of unique resource to form and create specialized tourism goods.
• Determining the value of unique resources and their distribution in space.
• Identifying specific products and components that make up specific tourism products.
Main principles for developing specific tourism products:
 Unique resource values are clearly defined for each level (country and region)
 Focus on development in areas with unique resource distribution
Conditions for developing specific tourism products
 Access to special resource locations is made easier.
 Have sufficient (sơ fic tion) and high-quality human resources to satisfy
the demands of creating particular tourism goods, particularly "local
cultural qualities" that characterize the region.
 There is a link between places where special natural resources are
dispersed (đits pered) to create certain tourism goods to guarantee that the
production of those particular products is carried out successfully;
 The tourist industry has a need for the creation and development of
particular tourism goods for the region.
To find values capable ( câyp ble) of creating typical tourism products, an
extensive and comparative study is required during the research phase. Each
location may have a variety of resources that may be transformed into alluring
(a-lơring) tourism goods that draw a sizable number of visitors, serve as the
primary tourism products, and are crucial (crui-sồ) to the growth of the tourism
industry. local timetable. Also, it is now possible to determine (đi t ) ơr mừn
unique characteristics that are present only in this region and might be made
into tourism-related products.These values need to be investigated, assessed,
and contrasted (con tráts ted) with those of other communities throughout the nation, region, and globe.
Additionally, research is required to determine (đi tơr mừn) if or not these ideals
are appealing to visitors and whether there is a risk of exploitation. It is crucial
to establish concepts for specialized tourism goods. The concept needs to be
thoroughly calculated to meet market trends and clearly explain the distinctions
and specificities ( spec xi fíc city) of the product. This is done by comparing the
results of prospective (pro spéc tive) research to the competition and testing
them against market demand local. Additionally, research must demonstrate ( đe
mừn strate) precisely how this product development fits into the overall
framework of regional tourist product development.
With the need to protect the integrity (in te grity) of the unique values of
tourism goods, the process of taking on, assessing, and correcting development must be done with care
III. TOURISM PRODUCTS CONTRUCTION PROCESS
 Phase 1: Build an overall tourism product development strategy for the destination.
a) Analyze the market's tourism demand: Based on the analysis of the following aspects: -
Socio-economic context and world level of science and technology . -
Political relationships in the world. - Policy mechanisms of the Party and
State related to tourism development. - Identify market development trends.
b) Analyze the destination's ability to meet tourism needs: * Assess the tourism
potential of the destination on the basis of: - Statistics, Analysis, and assessment
of the attractiveness of tourism resources and environmental sensitivity. -
Analyze and evaluate the natural and socio-economic conditions of the
destination. - Analyze and evaluate infrastructure conditions and facilities of the tourism industry. -
Analyze and evaluate the location and tourism role of the destination in the competitive relationship.
 Analyze and evaluate the current status of resource exploitation and tourism product development. -
Current status of visitors: number of visitors, revenue, visitor structure, demand characteristics, etc. -
Current status of resource exploitation and environmental impacts -
Current status of spatial organization and tourist destination routes -
Current status Developing various types of tourism services - Difficulties
in management, business, and human resources during the product
development process. - Comprehensive assessment of the current
situation: Identify positive aspects, limitations and causes.
c) Comprehensive assessment of objective and subjective factors. Identify
opportunities, challenges, strengths and weaknesses of the destination.
d) Orientation for overall tourism product development of the destination. -
Determine the location and tourism role of the destination in the region. -
Orientation of target customer markets (forecasting the number and structure of
visitors by nationality, age, occupation, ability to pay, etc.) - Brand positioning -
typical image for tourism products overall destination. - Orientation for
exploiting tourism resources in space and time (zoning exploitation according to
territorial space, phasing development) - Orientation for development of types
of tourism, tourist destination routes and types of services services that suit
market needs without harming future resources and the environment. Propose
development principles to manage these tourism activities well in a system. -
Assign implementation plans to subjects involved in the product
development process (departments, branches, businesses, residential communities, etc.) -
Propose interdisciplinary solutions (mechanism , policies, capital
sources,...) to effectively promote the development of tourism activities in practice.
 Phase 2: Implementing the strategy into practice: investing in building
various types of tourism services. This phase is carried out by local
businesses and communities. At this stage, the following tasks need to be carried out: -
Learn about state and local policy mechanisms, learn about the overall
tourism product development strategy of the destination (approved). -
Identify target markets consistent with the company's supply capabilities. -
Select types of goods and services that are consistent with the
destination's product strategy, consistent with the desires of the target
market, and competitive with businesses providing similar types of services. . -
Brand positioning for products. -
Develop ideas and design content and form for products based on the
orientations of the regional strategic plan. -
Investing in product development. - Pricing for products. -
Promote products to target markets.