Tiếng Canh Chuyên Ngành: Bài Thi Viết Tiếng Anh | Tiếng anh chuyên ngành 1 | Học viện Tài chính

ENGLISH WRITTEN TEST
Time allowed: 60 minutes Họ và tên: Mã sinh viên: Số thứ tự: Ngày thi: HT thi: Điểm bài thi
Chữ ký của cán bộ coi thi Bằng số Bằng chữ
I. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1.
If the government wants to increase employment, government purchases
should be…….and/or taxes should be… A. increased; increased B. increased; decreased C. decreased; decreased D. decreased; increased 2.
Capital flows arising…….. trade in goods and services, international
investment and loans together create this demand for foreign currency A. from B. to C. of D. in
3. Economics is best defined as the study of……. A. financial decision-making
B. choices made by people faced with scarcity
C. inflation, unemployment, and economic growth D. None of the above
4. In order to influence spending on goods and services in the short-run,
monetary policy is directed at directly influencing... A. unemployment rates B. inflation rates C. interest rates D. economic growth rates
5. ….. is called the condition in which market supply matches market demand A. Equalisation B. Normalisation C. Equilibrium D. None of the above
6. When the general price level rises, a unit of currency buys ….. goods and
services than in the past, so inflation reflects a decrease in purchasing power per unit of currency. A. More B. Few C. Fewer D. Less
7. The rise in US interest rates caused the dollar to ……. against all the Asian currencies. A. strengthen B. demand C. reduce D. raise
8. Inflation is the rate at…….the general level of price for goods and services is
rising and consequently the purchasing power of currency is falling A. what B. who C. which D. whose
9. A movement along the demand curve to the right may be caused by a………. A. Decrease in income B. Rise in the price of inputs C. Increase in supply D. Increase in income
10. A situation where the expenditure of the government exceeds its revenue is called….. A. Default revenue B. Budget deficit C. Default financing D. Deficit revenue II. READING
The economy, translating roughly from the Greek 'household management',
is a broad term which covers all the operations and aspects of society which
deal with production and consumption of money and moneymaking in
individual countries, and in the world at large.
It relies on the idea that people are 'economic agents', or creatures which
create and consume products and resources via 'economic transactions', or
exchanges of money for goods and services. It's a very difficult term to imagine
because it also considers culture, the environment, the political structure of a
given country, and technological innovations.
Economies have existed since the beginning of human history, in a primitive
form. The earliest form of economy is a barter system. A barter system is
where people trade goods without using money. However, this system is
inefficient, and was primarily used in ancient times before the invention of
money. It can also be used by friends today. Using money is much more
efficient, as it doesn't rely on both people in the 'transaction' to need each other's
goods like barter does. Money can be anything, but has historically used metals
like gold and silver, and now relies on public trust.
The exchange of goods for money is just the surface of an economy, which
includes all actions by everyone in the country which either create or consume
anything, as well as all a nation's natural resources, whether they're being used
or not. There are different economies which operate differently.
The market economy is one in which people buy and sell things in
accordance with supply and demand, a theory which states that the more of
something there is, the less it costs, and vice versa. In this economy, freedom of
the 'market', or all the 'economic actors', to do business is most important.
People who believe in a free market, which includes the founders of the
United States of America, believe that natural supply and demand will result in
the best prices and deals for everyone, and in the most growth. However, today,
the US government aims for a mixture of market economy and command economy.
The command economy is one in which the government controls all aspects
of work by its citizens, including the creation of goods, how and to whom
they're sold, and the prices of the goods. Basically, the government owns all
jobs, and distributes them to citizens. The citizens produce goods, which are
then also redistributed by the government.
This is the type of economy which is idealized by Communist countries, but
has proven historically to be much less efficient than the market economy,
mostly due to human error and high levels of corruption in the command
economy. Essentially, government agents wind up stealing the goods they're supposed to be distributing.
The middle ground is a market economy which is steered by a government,
and is the most common form in the world. In this middle ground, economists
work with politicians to figure out how to best 'stimulate' an economy to grow.
The government can grant a 'subsidy' to a certain group of people in one
industry, which is basically a gift of money, which can allow those people to
keep their products cheap for consumers.
The government can print money-causing inflation, which means money is
worth less. The government can issue tariffs-which are taxes on foreign goods,
which make them more expensive than local goods.
Through all these means, governments can affect the market economy. The
ideal is to keep local goods cheap (but not too cheap), to keep as many people
employed as possible. The government's effect on the economy has not always
met this ideal, however, and the economy is an important issue in many
elections worldwide every year, including those of the United States.
1) Which of the following best defines economy? A: The money people spend B: The goods people produce
C: All national resources both used and unused D: All the above
2) Which of the following best defines barter? A: The use of money
B: Trade of goods without the use of money
C: A hybrid system which uses money sometimes D: A system of credit
3) Which of the following can best describe money? A: Gold B: Silver
C: Anything agreed-upon by society and governments D: All the above
4) How does a 'market economy' work?
A: People conduct 'economic transactions' freely
B: The government controls all 'economic transactions'
C: 'Economic transactions' are secondary to environmental concerns D: None of the above
5) Which system does the United States use? A: Market economy B: Command economy C: A hybrid of the above D: None of the above
III. MAKE COMPLETE SENTENCES
1. High/ demand/ results / limited/ supply/ and/ prices/, and/ low /demand
/results/ in/ ample supply /and /decreased /prices.
High demand results in limited supply and increased prices, and low demand
results in an ample supply and decreased prices.
2. Poorer /people /need /spend/ larger /proportion/ their income / consumption /the /rich
Poorer people need to spend a larger proportion of their income on consumption than the rich
3. Firms/ experiencing/ cost/ inflation, or/ u
rgent/ need/ cash/tend /raise /prices
Firms experiencing cost inflation, or in urgent need of cash, tend to raise prices
4. Payroll /tax /refers /national /insurance/ and/ health insurance / are /paid jointly/ workers/ employers.
Payroll tax refers to national insurance and health insurance which are paid
jointly by workers and employers.
5. Three/ important/ theme/ microeconomics/ be/ idea/ making/ optimal/ trade-
offs,/ role/ prices,/ central/ role/ markets.
Three important themes of microeconomics are the idea of making optimal
trade-offs, the role of prices, the central role of markets
6. Some /people /consider / spending /to / a /hindrance / government/ and / economy.
Some people consider deficit spending to be a hindrance to the government and the economy. IV. MATCHING A B 1, Money laundering
a. an incidental benefit gained from a certain type of employment 2, Economic agents
b. measurement of the total amount of
demand for all finished goods and
services produced in an economy 3, Perquisite
c. funds used by a company to acquire
or upgrade physical assets such as
property, buildings, or equipment. 4. Aggregate demand
d. actors who intervene in the economy under certain rules
determined by the economic system and economic institutions. 5. Capital expenditure
e. the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by
criminal activity, such as drug
trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. 1-e, 2-d,3-a,4-b,5-c V. ANSWER 2 QUESTIONS
1. What is the difference between expansionary monetary policy and restrictive monetary policy?
Expansionary monetary policy is a monetary policy in which money supply is increased.
(Chính sách tiền tệ mở rộng là một chính sách tiền tệ trong đó cung tiền được tăng lên.)
Restrictive monetary policy is a monetary policy in which money supply is decreased.
(Chính sách tiền tệ hạn chế là một chính sách tiền tệ trong đó cung tiền bị giảm.)
The goal of expansionary monetary policy is to increase aggregate demand. To
do this, the central bank can lower the reserve requirements, drop the discount
rate or buy more bonds, it will increases bank lending capacity.
(Mục tiêu của chính sách tiền tệ mở rộng là làm tăng tổng cầu. Để làm điều
này, ngân hàng trung ương có thể hạ thấp dự trữ bắt buộc, giảm lãi tỷ lệ chiết
khấu hoặc mua thêm trái phiếu, điều này sẽ làm tăng khả năng cho vay của ngân hàng.)
The goal of restrictive monetary policy is to decrease aggregate demand. To do
this, the central bank can raises the reserve requirements, increases the
disscount rate or sells bonds in the open market, it will reduces bank lending capacity.
(Mục tiêu của chính sách tiền tệ thắt chặt là làm giảm tổng cầu. Để làm điều
này, ngân hàng trung ương có thể tăng dự trữ bắt buộc, tăng tỷ lệ chiết khấu
hoặc bán trái phiếu trên thị trường mở, điều này sẽ làm giảm khả năng cho vay của ngân hàng.)
2. What is the foreign exchange market? What are functions of the foreign exchange market?
- The foreign exchange market is the market in which national currencies are exchanged.
(Thị trường ngoại hối là thị trường mà ở đó đồng tiền các quốc gia được trao đổi.) - Functions:
The foreign exchange enables banks and international corporations to trade
foreign currencies in large amounts. Capital flows arising from trade in goods
and services, international investment and loans together create this demand for foreign currency.
(Chức năng: Ngoại hối cho phép các ngân hàng và các tập đoàn quốc tế giao
dịch ngoại tệ với số lượng lớn. Dòng vốn phát sinh từ trao đổi hàng hóa và dịch
vụ, đầu tư quốc tế và các khoản vay cùng nhau tạo ra nhu cầu ngoại tệ này.) VI. TRANSLATION
1. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
- Open market operations are the activities of buying and selling FED’s
bonds. The open market operation is the most common tool used by the FED.
=> Nghiệp vụ thị trường mở là việc mua và bán trái phiếu của cục dự trữ liên
bang. Nghiệp vụ thị trường mở là công cụ được cục dự trữ liên bang sử dụng thường xuyên
- The foreign exchange market assists international trade and investment
by enabling currency conversion. It also supports direct speculation and
evaluation relative to the value of currencies and the carry trade
speculation, based on the differential invest rate between two currencies.
=> Thị trường ngoại hối hỗ trợ cho thương mại và đầu tư quốc tế qua việc
chuyển đổi tiền tệ. Nó cũng được hỗ trợ đầu cơ trực tiếp và đánh giá liên quan
đến giá trị của các loại tiền tệ và đầu cơ giao dịch theo cặp, dựa trên sự chênh
lệch lãi suất giữa 2 đồng tiền.
2. Translate the following sentences into English
- Chính sách tiền tệ tăng tính thanh khoản để tạo ra sự tăng trưởng kinh tế,
giảm tính thanh khoản để ngăn chặn lạm phát
=> Monetary policy increases the liquidity to generate the economic growth,
decreases the liquidity to prevent inflation.
- Việt Nam đang phải đối mặt với tình trạng trốn, tránh thuế ngày càng gia
tăng do các chính sách hiện hành chưa theo kịp thực tế
=> Vietnam is facing increasing tax evasion and avoidance because current
policies have not kept pace with reality.
- Trong giao dịch giao ngay, tỷ giá giao dịch ngân hàng đưa ra luôn thay
đổi tùy theo tình hình thực tế về cung cầu trên thị trường.
=> In the spot transaction, the exchange rate offered by the bank always
changes depending on the actual situation of supply and demand in the market.
of supply and demand in the market.