Unit 14: Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành và Hoạt Động Thời Gian Rỗi môn Tiếng Anh cơ bản 2 | Trường đại học Mở Hà Nội

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Hanoi Open University Learning Opportunity for All UNIT 14 - IN MY LIFE Aims and Objectives:
Trong bài này chúng ta sẽ học:
- Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
- Sự khác nhau giữa thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ thường.
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và các trạng từ “ever, never, already, yet, just” -
Cách diễn ạt các sở thích trong thời gian rỗi
Presentation 1:
Bức tranh vẽ một phòng khách treo nhiều bức ảnh trên tường. Mỗi ảnh chụp người
àn ông (tên John) ở một nơi nổi tiếng khác nhau (Anh- Big Ben; Mĩ - White
House; Pháp- Eiffel Tower; ý- Pisa Leaning Tower; Nhật- Fuji Mountain; Trung
Quốc- Great Wall; úc chụp cùng Kangaroo.)
1. Bạn hãy quan sát bức tranh trên . Bạn có thấy rõ trên tường phòng khách có treo
những bức ảnh John chụp kỉ niệm những nơi anh ta ã ến trong mùa hè vừa qua. Bạn
hãy quyết ịnh xem thông tin ở những câu dưới dây úng hay sai:
………. 1. He went to France last year.
………. 2. He has been to Australia.
………. 3. He didn’t go to American last year.
………. 4. He hasn’t been to China.
………. 5. He went to Indonesia last year.
………. 6. He didn’t go to London last year.
………. 7. He didn’t go to Japan last year.
………. 8. He has been to Italy. T14.1:
Bạn hãy nghe và sửa những chỗ sai. Sau ó bạn nhắc lại theo băng.
2. Bạn có ể ý thì của ộng từ ở các câu trên không? Để diễn ạt những sự kiện xảy ra
trong quá khứ, trong tiếng Anh có thể dùng cả thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ
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thường. Tuy nhiên, khi sử dụng thì quá khứ thường, bạn phải ề cập ến thời gian cụ
thể xảy ra hành ộng ó. Ví dụ: I went to China last year.
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành ược dùng khi ta muốn diễn ạt một hành ộng xảy ra trong quá
khứ nhưng không nói rõ thời gian cụ thể. Nó ược coi như một kinh nghiệm của ta. Ví dụ: I have been to China.
Cấu trúc ngữ pháp của thì hiện tại hoàn thành là:
S + have/has + past participle.
Has / Have + P 2 (Past Participle)
Khi chuyển sang phủ ịnh hoặc nghi vấn ta sẽ có:
Have/Has + S + past participle?
S + haven’t/hasn’t + past participle.Has not
(hasn’t) / Have not (haven ’t) + P2 Ví dụ: - He has been to Australia. - She hasn’t been there. - Have you been there? - Yes, I have. - No, I haven’t.
Luwu ý: Quá khứ phân từ của những ộng từ theo qui tắc sẽ thêm “-ed”; những ộng
từ không theo qui tắc ta phải học thuộc. 3. Luyện tập:
1) Bạn hãy viết dạng quá khứ phân từ của những ộng từ sau. visit …………… arrive …………… eat …………… have …………… see …………… meet …………… win …………… start …………… make …………… read ……………
T14.2: Bạn nghe và nhắc lại theo băng.
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2) Bạn hãy ọc các cặp câu sau và khoanh tròn câu úng: 1. a. I have seen him last week. b. I saw him last week. 2.
a. Did you visit the White House?
b. Have you visited the White House? 3. a. She won 20,000 last week.
b. She has won 20,000 last week. 4. a. She has ate Chinese food.
b. She has eaten Chinese food. 5.
a. I didn’t read such an interesting book.
b. I haven’t read such an interesting book. T14.3: Bạn nghe và kiểm tra lại.
3) Bạn hãy chia những ộng từ trong những cặp câu sau ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ thuwờng:
1. I …………… (see) the film “the Titanic”.
I …………… (see) the film “the Titanic”yesterday.
2. The train ……………. (arrive)
The train ……………. (arrive) 5 minutes ago.
3. I ……………. (not eat) sandwiches.
I ……………. (not eat) sandwiches last night.
4. I ……………. (make) a delicious cake.
I ……………. (make) a delicious cake last week.
5. I ……………. (do) my homework.
I ……………. (do) my homework 2 hours ago.
6. I ……………. (not have) dinner.
I ……………. (not have) dinner last night.
4) Bạn hãy ọc oạn văn sau về Monica Seles. Hãy gạch chân dạng úng của ộng từ:
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Monica Seles is a tennis player. She has won/ won many big prizes in her life. She
started/ has started playing tennis when she was very small. Some years ago, she
went/ has gone to a famous tennis school in California. She travelled/ has travelled
to many countries in the world. Last week she went/ has gone to a tournament in
Australia. She played/ has played well, but she didn’t win/ hasn’t won. She has
played/ played at many famous tennis courts. T14.4: Bạn nghe và kiểm tra lại.
Bây giờ bạn mở sách bài tập và làm bài………………… Presentation 2:
1. Khi sử dung thì hiện tại hoàn thành, chúng ta thuwờng dùng các trạng từ “ever,
never, already, yet, just” ể nói về những kinh nghiệm, những sự việc ã hoặc chưa
xảy ra từ trước ến nay hoặc ở những thời iểm không xác ịnh.
Ví dụ: - I have ever been to Australia.
- She has never met his parents.
- They have already talked to each other.
(They have talked to each other already)
- They haven’t seen that film yet. - We have just phoned her.
Bạn có nhận ra vị trí của những trạng từ trên ở trong câu không? “Ever, never, just”
ứng sau trợ ộng từ “have/ has”; “yet” bao giờ cũng ứng ở cuối câu phủ ịnh hoặc câu
hỏi; “already” có thể ứng sau “have/ has” hoặc ở cuối câu khẳng ịnh. 2. Luyện tập: 1)
Bạn hãy ọc những câu sau ây và quyết ịnh xem những từ “just, yet, already,
ever, never” có thể iền vào những chỗ nào trong câu (1 câu có thể iền nhiều hơn 1 từ) 1. I have washed my clothes.
………………………………………
……………………………………….
2. Have you played volleyball?
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……………………………………………….
………………………………………………
3. They have done their homework.
…………………………………………….
……………………………………………..
4. We have talked to the President.
…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………..
5. He has not learned foreign language.
……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………. 2)
Bạn hãy iền những từ trong khung dưới ây vào những câu sau: Have/ haven’t Has/ hasn’t Ever Did/ didn’ Yet Ago Never Just Last
1. Did you stay at home …………… night?
2. A: Have you ………… been to Paris? B: Yes, I have.
3. A: When …………. you meet your husband? B: Seven years …………
4. He …… …… finished his homework. Now he can go out.
5. We have …………been to Italy, but we………. been to England…..
6. I am afraid of dogs so I have ………….eaten dog meat.
T14.5: Bạn hãy nghe băng và kiểm tra lại. 3)
Bạn hãy ọc oạn hội thoại dưới ây và chia thì úng của ộng từ trong ngoặc:
Linda We (have) a lovely time, dad. Dad
I am sure there is a lot to do.
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Linda There is! We (be) for a walk in Central Forest. It is so big. Everything
is big. And we (climb) up the highest building. The view was
wonderful. We (not be) to the National Square. We (not visit) the
Central Museum either. We are going to visit those places tomorrow. Dad
You (see) the Statues of Liberty yet?
Linda Oh, yes, we have. We just (have) a tour of the city and we flew close to it. Dad
You (see) a show on Broadway yet?
Linda No, I haven’t. We (not decide) if we go there or not.
T14.6: Bạn hãy nghe băng và kiểm tra lại. Lưu ý:
Bạn hãy nhớ rằng thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng ể diễn tả những kinh nghiệm ã xảy
ra ở một thời iểm không xác ịnh. Nếu ta muốn ề cập thêm thông tin liên quan ến sự
kiện ó ta dùng thì quá khứ thường.
T14.7: Bạn hãy nghe oạn hội thoại sau và iền vào chỗ trống:
A: …………you …………….to Canada? B: Yes, I have.
A: When ……………you…………… there?
B: Two months ago. I made a film there.
Bạn hãy dựa vào những từ cho trước dưới ây và viết những oạn hội thoại như trên:
1. visit/ the Twin Towers/ with my parents.
A: ………………………………………..
B: …………………………………………
A: ……………………………………
B: ………………………………………...
2. drive/ a van/ in the countryside
A: ……………………………………….
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B: ………………………………………
A: …………………………………………
B: ………………………………………….
3. meet/ a famous person/ say “Hello”
A: …………………………………….
B: ………………………………………
A: …………………………………………
B: ………………………………………….
T14.8: Bạn hãy nghe và kiểm tra lại.
Bây giờ bạn chuyển sang sách bài tập làm bài….
Đọc: Bạn hãy ọc oạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi: Earthwatch
Have you ever wanted to do something different? Some years ago, Shall Blade
read about an organisation called Earthwatch. Earthwatch finds volunteers for
expeditions to study and explore different parts of the world.
Shall decided to join an expedition to study elephants in Africa. “ I wasn’t sure
about it before I went,” says Shall, “but in fact I really enjoyed every minute of the
expedition. We slept in tents and we cooked our own food, but it was great to see
the elephants and all the other animals there.”
He has counted birds in the rain forests of South America. He has planted trees
in Europe and has studied whales in the Pacific Ocean.
“On my last expedition I was in Hawaii. We were on a small island. We got
up at 6 a. m every morning and had our breakfast. Then we went out in the boats
and we looked for whales. We spent most of the day in a boat. We photographed the
whales, counted them, and we recorded their songs. In the evenings we put all the data into the computer.”
Earthwatch has found volunteers for hundreds of expeditions. They are all
ordinary people- make and female, young and old… They have dug up dinosaur
bones in North America and they have studied ancient civilisations in Central
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“I have enjoyed all the expeditions,” says Shall, “and I have seen some
fantastic places. How many people have slept on a beach, climbed a mountain, or
seen a whale? This world is such a beautiful place, but it is disappearing fast. We
have to learn more about it if we are going to save it.”
1. Bạn hãy trả lời các câu hỏi sau:
1, What does earthwatch do? Why?
2, Which of these things has Shall done? (tick the correct answers) (v) - studied elephants - explored rivers - looked for birds - dug up dinosaur bones - studied the Aztecs (v) - planted trees - swum in the Pacific Ocean (v) - counted whales (v) - lived on an island (v) - been to Hawaii T14.9 Nghe
Bạn hãy nghe oạn hội thoại giữa Mousy và Jonny. Hãy quyết ịnh xem những
thông tin dới ây úng hay sai. Viết (T) trước những câu úng và (F) cho câu sai.
……… 1. Jonny has flown in a helicopter.
……… 2. Jonny and Mousy has driven a racing car.
……… 3. Jonny has learned to drive.
………. 4. Jonny and Mousy has ridden a horse.
…….. .. 5. Jonny and Mousy haven’t been scuba- diving Từ vựng
1. Bạn hãy chọn 1 từ có nghĩa không giống các từ khác
1. waitress grandmother nepheu uncle 2. flew sailed drove rode
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4. telephone photocopier fax machine letter 5. T- shirt jeans shorts trousers 6. taken done known wrote 7. amazing marvellous boring wonderful 8. is has does plays 9. socks stockings gloves dress 10. face head foot neck
2. Bạn hãy chọn 1 trong những từ ở trên ể iền vào các câu sau:
1, Have you seen my…………..? My hands are really cold.
2, I have a niece and two………………….
3, He thought the show was wonderful, but I thought it was……………….
4, The duty of the salesman is to satisfy every………………..
5, She was afraid of flying so she borrowed a car and ……………to Lodon.
6, I am sorry for not sending you a……………… for a long time.
7, How long have you ……………..your teacher?
8, Knowledge ……………….an important role in our life.
9, She doesn’t want to tell the truth because she is afraid of losing…………
10, He looks like a sportman when he wears shorts and……………
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T14.9: Bạn hãy nghe và kiểm tra lại.
Everyday English: Leisure Activities
1. Bạn làm gì khi có thời gian rỗi? Bạn hãy suy nghĩ và viết ra 5 việc bạn thích làm nhất.
Bạn hãy nhìn những hoạt ộng dưới ây xem bạn thích chúng nhiều hay ít. Đánh dấu
(v) vào cột phù hợp với bạn. Some A lot A little Reading newspaper Watching TV Listening to music Changing the house Shopping
T14.11Playing games Bạn hãy nghe những người sau ây nói về các hoạt ộng
mà họ thích hay không thích làm trong thời gian rỗi. Bạn ánh dấu (v)vào cột
thích hợp.Going for a walk Chatting with friends Sleeping
Attending parties Bạn hãy nghe những người sau ây nói về các hoạt ộng mà
họ thích T14.11
Hay không thích làm trong thời gian rỗi. Bạn ánh dấu (v) vào cột thích hợp.
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Hanoi Open University Learning Opportunity for All Likes it a little Doen’t like it at all playing 1 cards Li k es it a lot 2 playing sports 3 going to Words parties 4 and meanings eating out 5 dancing
Tiế ng Anh cơ Trang 9 6 bản 1_Unit 14 watching TV 7 listening to music 8 cooking - dinosaur: khủng long - expedition: cuộc thám hiểm - hang- gliding: môn thể thao tàu lợn - scuba- diving: lặn có bình khí - to explore: khám phá - tournament: vòng thi ấu thể thao - whale: cá voi
Grammar Summary
- Present Perfect and Simple Past
+ The Present Perfect is used to express an action referring to an indefinite time in the past
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Hanoi Open University Learning Opportunity for All He has just done it.
+ The Simple Past is used to express an action happening and finishing at a definite time in the past.
They travelled around the world last summer. He did it yesterday.
- Present Perfect and “ yet, already, ever, never, just” They haven’t seen that film yet. We have just phoned her.
- Talking about leisure activities. Answer keys Presentation 1: 3. Luyện tập: 3.
1. I have seen the film “the Titanic”.
I saw the film “the Titanic” yesterday. 2. The train have arrived.
The train arrived 5 minutes ago.
3. I have not eaten sandwiches.
I did not eat sandwiches last night. 4. I have made a delicious cake.
I made a delicious cake last week. 5. I have done my homework.
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I did my homework 2 hours ago. 6. I have not had dinner.
I did not have dinner last night. Presentation 2: 3. Luyện tập: 1
1. I have just/ already/ never washed my clothes.
2. Have you ever played volleyball?
Have you played volleyball yet?
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3. They have already done their homework. They have just done thair homework.
4. We have just talked to the President.
We have already talked to the President.
We have never talked to the President.
We have ever talked to the President.
5. He has never learned foreign language.
He has not ever learned a foreign language.
He has not learned a foreign language yet. Đọc:
1. Earthwatch finds volunteers for expeditions to study and explore different parts of the world. 2. (v) - studied elephants - explored rivers - looked for birds - dug up dinosaur bones - studied the Aztecs (v) - planted trees - swum in the Pacific Ocean (v) - counted whales (v) - lived on an island (v) - been to Hawaii
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Opportunity for All Nghe 1.T; 2.F; 3.F; 4.T; 5.T Từ vựng 1. 1. waitress 2. sailed 3. customer 4. photocopier 5. T- shirt 6. wrote 7. boring 8. plays 9. dress 10. foot
Everyday English 4 eating out TAPESCRIPT OF UNIT 14
T14.1 1. He went to France last year. 2. He has been to Australia.
3. He went to American last year. 4. He has been to China.
5. He didn’t go to Indonesia.
6. He went to london last year.
7. He went to Japan last year.
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Opportunity for All ikes it L a lot Likes it little esn’t a Do like it at all 1 playing rds v ca 2 playing orts v sp 3 going to arties v p 8. He has been to Italy. T14.2: visit visited arrive arrived eat eaten have had see seen meet met win won start started make made read read
T14.3: 1. I saw him last week.
2. Have you visited the White House? 3. She won 20,000 last week. 4. She has eaten Chinese food.
5. I haven’t read such an interesting book.
T14.4: Monica Seles is a tennis player. She has won many big prizes in her life. She
started playing tennis when she was very small. Some years ago, she went to a
famous tennis school in California. She has travelled to many countries in the world.
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Last week she went to a tournament in Australia. She played well, but she didn’t
win. She has played at many famous tennis courts.
T14.5:1. Did you stay at home last night?
2. A: Have you ever been to Paris? B: Yes, I have.
3. A: When did you meet your husband? B: Seven years ago
4. He has just finished his homework. Now he can go out.
5. We have ever been to Italy, but we haven’t been to England yet.
6. I am afraid of dogs so I have never eaten dog meat. T14.6:Linda We have had a lovely time, dad. Dad
I am sure there is a lot to do.
Linda There is! We’ve been for a walk in Central Forest. It is so big.
Everything is big. And we have climbed up the highest building. The
view was wonderful. We haven’t been to the National Square. We
haven’t visited the Central Museum either. We are going to visit those places tomorrow. Dad
Have you seen the Statues of Liberty yet?
Linda Oh, yes, we have. We have just had a tour of the city and we flew close to it. Dad
Have you seen a show on Broadway yet?
Linda No, I haven’t. We haven’t decided if we go there or not. T14.7:
A: Have you ever been to Canada? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you go there?
B: Two months ago. I made a film there.
T14.8: 1. A: Have you ever visited the Twin Towers? B: Yes, I have. A: Who did you go with?
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B: I went there with my parents. 2.
A: Have you ever driven a van? B: Yes, I have. A: Where did you drive it? B: In the countryside. 3.
A: Have you ever met a famous person? B: Yes, I have. A: What did you do? B: I said “Hello!” T14.9
Jonny: Hey, look at this advertisement, Mousy. Mousy: What is it about?
Jonny: Adventure weekends. You can do all sort of things like riding, car racing, helicopter rides …
Mousy: Oh, that sounds interesting. Have you ever travelled in a helicopter?
Jonny: Yes, I have. I have flown in a helicopter twice, in fact. They are very noisy. Have you ever been in one?
Mousy: No, I haven’t. But I’ve driven a racing car.
Jonny: Have you? I bet that was great. I havem’t. Well, I haven’t driven any sort of car, because I can’t drive.
Mousy: Let’s have a look at the advert, then. What other things can you do?
Jonny: Well, look, you can go horse riding- we have both done that. But there is
scuba- diving and expedition - we haven’t done them. Mousy: Oh, it sounds great.
Let’s write for some details.
T14.10 1, Have you seen my gloves? My hands are really cold.
2, I have a niece and two nephews.
3, He thought the show was wonderful, but I thought it was boring.
4, The duty of the salesman is to satisfy every customer.
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5, She was afraid of flying so she borrowed a car and drove to Lodon.
6, I am sorry for not sending you a letter for a long time.
7, How long have you known your teacher?
8, Knowledge plays an important role in our life.
9, She doesn’t want to tell the truth because she is afraid of losing face.
10, He looks like a sportman when he wears shorts and T- shirt. T14.11
1. Well, I don’t mind playing cards sometimes. I prefer playing snooker myself. It is a little more exciting.
2. Everybody else in my family really loves sports. My brother is a good tennis
player and my youger sister is an excellent swimmer. But I find all sports boring and a waste of time.
3. I enjoy them from time to time but not too often. I don’t like meeting people
much. When I know every body there, I enjoy it.
4. I wish I could eat out every night. It is so nice not to have to cook and wash up.
5. Yes, Tim and I go dacing about twice a week, and more often sometimes. It is a
great way to relax and meet people.
6. I used to watch TV every night. Last year the programmes were really good. But
I don’t like this year’s programmes as much. There are only a few I really like watching.
7. Oh yes, I have the radio on all the time. Mostly I perfer pop music but sometimes
I also listen to classical music or jazz. 8. I never use my kitchen except to make
coffee. It is so much easier to eat out. Of course, it costs more but it’s much more fun.
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