VOCAB TO DESCRIBE TRENDS Overview section Starting Presentation type Verb Description - The given - line graph - shows the comparison of… - The supplied - pie/ bar chart - represents the differences… - The - data - depicts the changes... presented - table - presents/ gives/ the number of… - The shown provides information the proportion of… - The provided about the amount of… - shows data about Tdata about… - describes the trend of… - compares the percentages of [Describing time] - From year … to year … - Between year … and year … -
Over/ During the …-year period -
Over/ During the past … years - Starting/ Commencing from …
[Describing main features] - Overall, … - In general, … -
As can be seen from the …, … -
It can be clearly seen that S+V - It is clear that S+V [Examples] -
The provided diagram shows data on employment categories in energy producing
sectors in Europe starting from 1925 and till 1985. -
The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employees in 6
broad categories, divided into manual and non-manual occupations in Freedonia. -
The chart gives information on expenditures of 4 European countries on six consumer
products namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France. -
The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduated in three
developing countries while the table data presents the overall literacy rate in these countries. -
The bar graph and the table data depict the water use in different sectors in five regions.
To start your body paragraphs 
As is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table... 
Now, turning to the details...,  As can be seen in the...,  According to the..., 
The table data clearly shows that SV S  As the diagrams suggest, … Describe trends Increase Decrease No change [Fast] [Fast] jump / there is a jump in … Collapse / a collapse leveled out leap / there is a leap in … drop / a drop plateaued / plateau move upward go into free-fall remained constant rocket/ shot up /skyrocket halved remained stable/ a stability soar plummet remain static surge/ upsurge dive remained steady / steadiness doubled/ tripled plunge remained the same take a nosedive was unchanged [Neutral] Climb / there is a climb [Neutral] go up / there is an upward decline / a decline in … trend decrease/ a decrease in … improve / there is an fall / a fall improvement go down / a downward trend
increase / there is an increase reduce / a reduction in decrease/ a decrease rise / there is a rise in drop/ a drop rise/ a rise in increase/ an increase in grow/ growth [Slow] a downward trend [Slow] a downward tendency an upward trend a descending trend an upward tendency [High point] [Low point] [Ups and Downs] culminated at hit rock bottom changes intermittently culmination of the bottommost point change sporadically hit the peak the lowest point fluctuate reached the peak touch the lowest point rise and fall touched the highest point reached the nadir [Preposition] - Increase from A to B -
Increase by (B-A) = An increase of (B-A) -
An increase in sales/ … - Stand at 10%/ 20%/…
Adjectives/ Adverbs to describe trends Rapid/ Huge Moderate Steady Slight Considerably - considerable Moderately - Steadily - steady Fractionally - fractional Dramatically - dramatic moderate ceaselessly - mildly - mild Enormous - enormously Gradually - gradual ceaseless Slightly - slight Noticeably - noticeable Progressively - Slowly - slow S Overwhelmingly - progressive Tediously - tedious overwhelming Sequentially - Quickly - quick sequential Rapidly - rapid Sharply - sharp Significantly - significant Speedily - speedy Substantially - substantial Swiftly - swift
Language of approximation just about just below just over about well below well above almost just under just above approximately a little less than a little more than around just beneath just beyond nearly roughly roughly the same practically the same
(Source: Barron’s Writing for the IELTS) S S
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