According to the International Ecotourism Society, ecotourism is travel that fosters environmental
responsibility and local well-being. Visiting a rainforest doesn’t qualify unless it benefits the area,
perhaps by creating jobs for locals or conserving the wildlife. The recognition is growing that
environmental preservation and economic gain can coexist.
Costa Rica has been leading the ecotourism movement for some time, and was voted the most popular
destination by TripAdvisor.com in 2012. Its 1999 Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST)
program, adopted by the UN World Tourism Organization as a model for Latin America, highlights its
pioneering efforts. Thanks to such efforts, over 25 percent of Costa Rica's land is covered in lush
national parks. Its tourism industry generates over a billion dollars annually and provides employment
for thousands.
Unfortunately, the "ecotourism" label is sometimes misused for profit. Unethical practices can harm the
environment. One concern is that the overwhelming number of visitors, especially during peak season,
negatively impacts the ecosystem. Ecotourists, drawn to rare flora and fauna, can inadvertently strain
these fragile environments, even with good intentions. Another problem is human-animal interaction.
At Costa Rican national parks, wild monkeys feed on visitors’ garbage and even aggressively steal
food.
Controlling abuse isn't easy, either. In developing countries with low wages, corruption can lead
officials to tolerate ecological damage. A large resort, normally prohibited near a sanctuary, might be
allowed if the company bribes government officials. Limited resources are another issue - areas of
forests and beaches requiring an army to protect are often watched by few employees.
(I) While tourists can adversely affect ecosystems, the same areas might have been totally destroyed by
industries like farming, logging, or mining. (II) Tour guides can become educators who train people to
love and care for the environment. (III) Witnessing the beauty of rainforests and rare wildlife at first
hand can instill a sense of value that visitors hopefully carry home. (IV)
It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry. Nevertheless, recognizing the impossibility of
zero impact and the inherent human desire to explore, we must focus on intensifying protection efforts
to ensure undisturbed ecosystems, while potentially stressed, won’t be destroyed.

The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

These days, digital technology is a major part of everyday life for all of us and we use it for almost
everything, from work to school and entertainment. Therefore, with everyone spending so much time
connected to the Internet and using digital devices, it’s important that we all understand how to be
responsible digital citizens in the modern world. But what exactly does that mean?
A responsible digital citizen is someone who uses technology in a sensible way and encourages others
to do the same. They are careful about their online behaviour and always try to be as polite as possible,
which helps others to avoid having negative experiences online. Responsible digital citizens respect
other people's privacy, too. They don’t post pictures of others or discuss people’s personal lives
without their permission because that could harm their online security. In this way, digital citizens help
others to feel safer and more comfortable in the digital world.
Responsible digital citizens are also aware of the potential risks of being online. They understand that
there are fake websites and online scams which try to access people’s personal information to hack into
their social media accounts or even bank accounts. When a digital citizen encounters one of these online scams, they should report it to the cyber police to stop this behaviour from happening. By doing
this, digital citizens play an important role in making the Internet a safer place for all users.
While many of us know how to use digital technology safely these days, we should remember that
there are many other people who are still at risk. By being responsible digital citizens, we can help
everyone gain the benefit of the digital world without putting themselves or others at risk.
(Adapted from Bright)

The word “potential” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by ______.

These days, digital technology is a major part of everyday life for all of us and we use it for almost
everything, from work to school and entertainment. Therefore, with everyone spending so much time
connected to the Internet and using digital devices, it’s important that we all understand how to be
responsible digital citizens in the modern world. But what exactly does that mean?
A responsible digital citizen is someone who uses technology in a sensible way and encourages others
to do the same. They are careful about their online behaviour and always try to be as polite as possible,
which helps others to avoid having negative experiences online. Responsible digital citizens respect
other people's privacy, too. They don’t post pictures of others or discuss people’s personal lives
without their permission because that could harm their online security. In this way, digital citizens help
others to feel safer and more comfortable in the digital world.
Responsible digital citizens are also aware of the potential risks of being online. They understand that
there are fake websites and online scams which try to access people’s personal information to hack into
their social media accounts or even bank accounts. When a digital citizen encounters one of these online scams, they should report it to the cyber police to stop this behaviour from happening. By doing
this, digital citizens play an important role in making the Internet a safer place for all users.
While many of us know how to use digital technology safely these days, we should remember that
there are many other people who are still at risk. By being responsible digital citizens, we can help
everyone gain the benefit of the digital world without putting themselves or others at risk.
(Adapted from Bright)

The word “sensible” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

These days, digital technology is a major part of everyday life for all of us and we use it for almost
everything, from work to school and entertainment. Therefore, with everyone spending so much time
connected to the Internet and using digital devices, it’s important that we all understand how to be
responsible digital citizens in the modern world. But what exactly does that mean?
A responsible digital citizen is someone who uses technology in a sensible way and encourages others
to do the same. They are careful about their online behaviour and always try to be as polite as possible,
which helps others to avoid having negative experiences online. Responsible digital citizens respect
other people's privacy, too. They don’t post pictures of others or discuss people’s personal lives
without their permission because that could harm their online security. In this way, digital citizens help
others to feel safer and more comfortable in the digital world.
Responsible digital citizens are also aware of the potential risks of being online. They understand that
there are fake websites and online scams which try to access people’s personal information to hack into
their social media accounts or even bank accounts. When a digital citizen encounters one of these online scams, they should report it to the cyber police to stop this behaviour from happening. By doing
this, digital citizens play an important role in making the Internet a safer place for all users.
While many of us know how to use digital technology safely these days, we should remember that
there are many other people who are still at risk. By being responsible digital citizens, we can help
everyone gain the benefit of the digital world without putting themselves or others at risk.
(Adapted from Bright)

The word “ They” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

According to the International Ecotourism Society, ecotourism is travel that fosters environmental
responsibility and local well-being. Visiting a rainforest doesn’t qualify unless it benefits the area,
perhaps by creating jobs for locals or conserving the wildlife. The recognition is growing that
environmental preservation and economic gain can coexist.
Costa Rica has been leading the ecotourism movement for some time, and was voted the most popular
destination by TripAdvisor.com in 2012. Its 1999 Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST)
program, adopted by the UN World Tourism Organization as a model for Latin America, highlights its
pioneering efforts. Thanks to such efforts, over 25 percent of Costa Rica's land is covered in lush
national parks. Its tourism industry generates over a billion dollars annually and provides employment
for thousands.
Unfortunately, the "ecotourism" label is sometimes misused for profit. Unethical practices can harm the
environment. One concern is that the overwhelming number of visitors, especially during peak season,
negatively impacts the ecosystem. Ecotourists, drawn to rare flora and fauna, can inadvertently strain
these fragile environments, even with good intentions. Another problem is human-animal interaction.
At Costa Rican national parks, wild monkeys feed on visitors’ garbage and even aggressively steal
food.
Controlling abuse isn't easy, either. In developing countries with low wages, corruption can lead
officials to tolerate ecological damage. A large resort, normally prohibited near a sanctuary, might be
allowed if the company bribes government officials. Limited resources are another issue - areas of
forests and beaches requiring an army to protect are often watched by few employees.
(I) While tourists can adversely affect ecosystems, the same areas might have been totally destroyed by
industries like farming, logging, or mining. (II) Tour guides can become educators who train people to
love and care for the environment. (III) Witnessing the beauty of rainforests and rare wildlife at first
hand can instill a sense of value that visitors hopefully carry home. (IV)
It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry. Nevertheless, recognizing the impossibility of
zero impact and the inherent human desire to explore, we must focus on intensifying protection efforts
to ensure undisturbed ecosystems, while potentially stressed, won’t be destroyed.

Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

These days, digital technology is a major part of everyday life for all of us and we use it for almost
everything, from work to school and entertainment. Therefore, with everyone spending so much time
connected to the Internet and using digital devices, it’s important that we all understand how to be
responsible digital citizens in the modern world. But what exactly does that mean?
A responsible digital citizen is someone who uses technology in a sensible way and encourages others
to do the same. They are careful about their online behaviour and always try to be as polite as possible,
which helps others to avoid having negative experiences online. Responsible digital citizens respect
other people's privacy, too. They don’t post pictures of others or discuss people’s personal lives
without their permission because that could harm their online security. In this way, digital citizens help
others to feel safer and more comfortable in the digital world.
Responsible digital citizens are also aware of the potential risks of being online. They understand that
there are fake websites and online scams which try to access people’s personal information to hack into
their social media accounts or even bank accounts. When a digital citizen encounters one of these online scams, they should report it to the cyber police to stop this behaviour from happening. By doing
this, digital citizens play an important role in making the Internet a safer place for all users.
While many of us know how to use digital technology safely these days, we should remember that
there are many other people who are still at risk. By being responsible digital citizens, we can help
everyone gain the benefit of the digital world without putting themselves or others at risk.
(Adapted from Bright)

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in aragraph 3?