Amaazonmnn - about logistic - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Sen

The inspiration for my team to choose the amazon company as their master for research is thanks to
the growth of amazon in recent years, especially after the covid pandemic. When logistics companies
are affected and recover slowly after the pandemic. Amazon emerged as a phenomenon in the
context of e-commerce that people are interested in and widely used thanks to the impact of
quarantined life. Amazon has benefited from that.We can see from the figures: total U.S. e-
commerce sales in April and May 2020 accounted for 22% of total retail sales compared to 11%
in 2019, according to Mastercard's report. Consumer spending on Amazon from May to July
increased by 60% compared to the same time frame in 2019, according to Facteus. In this study,
we will learn how Amazon was able to adapt to the pandemic when the company had to
distribute with the number of orders increasing by more than 60% and in the context of
quarantine because of the pandemic. Logistics Operations:
Amazon's logistics are carried out around the company's warehouse. The warehouse is
considered the center of the logistics process, tasks such as transportation, distribution,
technology application, customer service. In order for a company's supply chain to run smoothly,
it must be based on the development of the company's warehouse. So what is the role of the
warehouse that can be the focal point of the supply chain?
In Paul R. Murphy Jr.'s book Contemporary Logistics, A. Michael Knemeyer writes: Warehousing,
which refers to “that part of a firm’s logistics system that stores products (raw materials, parts,
goods-in-process, finished goods) at and between points of origin and point of consumption,”and
transportation are substitutes for each other, with warehousing having been referred to as
“transportation at zero miles per hour”. The warehouse is just a transshipment place to store
products, so why does amazon invest in their warehouse.Here I will outline the reasons for that
investment choice. In the book Warehouse & Distribution Science, Bartholdi gives two reasons:
To better match supply with customer demand and To consolidate product.
To better match supply with customer demand, the authors argue that : “ One of the major
challenges in managing a supply chain is that demand can change quickly, but supply takes
longer to change. Surges in demand, such as seasonalities strain the capacity of a supply chain.
Retail stores in particular face seasonalities that are so severe that it would be impossible to
respond without having stockpiled products. Showing us the reason that amazon invested in
their soldering warehouse later, I will present one of the great effects of this when it strongly
affects amazon's position in the industry and creates a competitive position with businesses in the same industry.
With To consolidate products the author argues : to reduce transportation costs and to provide
customer service. There is a fixed cost any time a product is transported. This is especially high
when the carrier is ship or plane or train; and to amortize this fixed cost it is necessary to fill the
carrier to capacity. Consequently, a distributor may consolidate shipments from vendors into
large shipments for downstream customers. Similarly, when shipments are consolidated, then it
is easier to receive downstream. Trucks can be scheduled into a limited number of dock doors
and so drivers do not have to wait. The results are savings for everyone. Preparing products to
anticipate changes in customers and markets also saves time for easier shipping.
Because we have briefly learned how the warehouse becomes a part of the logistics process in
logistics and its importance. How does amazon warehouse fins work, and how the company uses
other logistics tools that evolve around the warehouse.
Amazon's warehouses are not the same as the relatives of other logistics companies, they call
their warehouses fulfillment centers. Amazon's fulfillment centers will be the main focal point for
their supply chain. Because whenever they want to penetrate any market, they put the order
fulfillment center first in the construction process.
So how did the fulfillment center work to get Amazon to focus on investing in such a warehouse?
Fulfillment Center: This is the focus of this report, An Amazon fulfillment center is a
large warehouse where Amazon receives, stores, picks, packs, and ships customer
orders. Amazon has over 175 fulfillment centers worldwide, and they are all equipped
with state-of-the-art technology to help them process orders quickly and efficiently.Với
175 fulfillment centers , this is how Amazon allocates these centers across the United
States and other countries around the world. And this is how Amazon's fulfillment centers are allocated.
Amazon Fulfillment Centers in the US
Amazon Fulfillment Centers in Asian Countries
Amazon Fulfillment Centers in Australia
Amazon Fulfillment Centers in Europe
With each fulfillment center, Amazon is fully equipped with the necessary technology for storage
and transportation to be able to meet the promise that President Jeff Bezos promised to
customers :”The most important single thing is to focus obsessively on the customer. Our goal is
to be earth’s most customer-centric company”. So exactly how each fulfillment center is structured.
Before talking about the structure of the fulfillment centers(FC) , We'll classify it first. Fulfillment
centers are divided into different types: Standard FCs, Specialized FCs, Return Centers, Sort
Centers, Delivery Stations, Receive Centers, Cross Dock Centers. Each type will have different functions. 1.Standard FCs:
● Handle a wide variety of products, from books and electronics to clothing and household goods.
● Are large in size and can store millions of items.
● Utilize automation and robotics to assist in the fulfillment process. 2.Specialized FCs:
● Sortable FCs: Handle small and individual orders, typically shipped via air.
● Non-Sortable FCs: Handle large and bulky orders, typically shipped via ground or sea.
● Apparel FCs: Specialize in handling clothing and fashion accessories.
● Fresh FCs: Handle fresh and perishable products that require special storage conditions. 3.Return Centers:
● Dedicated to processing customer returns.
● Inspect, sort, and process returned items for resale or disposal. 4.Sort Centers:
● Receive packages from FCs and sort them by delivery location.
● Prepare packages for shipment to final delivery stations or directly to customers.
5.Delivery Stations:
● The last stop for packages before they are delivered to customers.
● Delivery drivers pick up packages from these stations and deliver them to customers' addresses.
Additionally, Amazon operates other types of FCs, including:
● Receive Centers: Focus on receiving and processing inventory from suppliers.
● Cross Dock Centers: Transfer inventory directly from one truck to another without storing it in the warehouse.
These fulfillment centers are designed by amazon to optimize the time it takes to get goods to
customers. Each fulfillment center is researched to be conveniently located. Let high-tech
vehicles calculate the process of transporting goods to customers.
Most of the work takes place at Amazon Robotic Sortable Fulfillment Centers (Standard FCs),
where the robots work together with Amazon employees. At this FC, is equipped with modern technologies such as: 1.
Hệ thống quản lý kho hàng (WMS) :Warehouse Management System of the
Amazon AWS ( Amazon Web Service ) is a cloud-based supply chain
management application that works with your existing enterprise resource
planning (ERP) and supply chain management systems. Using AWS Supply Chain,
you can connect and extract your inventory, supply, and demand related data
from existing ERP or supply chain systems into one unified AWS Supply Chain data model.
Features of AWS Supply Chain: AWS Supply Chain supports the following features: ●
Data Lake : The AWS Supply Chain data lake simplifies the process of
aggregating data from your supply chain systems in one place, using an
extensible data model built for supply chain management. The data lake
consumes data from any structured data source, including your existing
ERP and supply chain management systems. Once the data source is
connected, you can review and confirm the data mapping between your
data source to AWS Supply Chain's data model. Once the data fields are
mapped, you can start importing your data from your data source. ●
Insights : AWS Supply Chain insights uses the supply chain data in the
data lake to automatically generate insights of potential supply chain
risks (for example, stockouts, excess stocks, lead time deviations). After
the data is imported, AWS Supply Chain automatically computes the
projected inventory based on the inventory snapshots, open orders,in-
transit shipments, and demand from outbound orders and forecast.
AWS Supply Chain proactively alerts inventory managers of potential
inventory risks that include both below and above the stock levels
stored in inventory policy and provides rebalance recommendations to
resolve stockouts. Inventory managers are also alerted when there are
consistent lead time deviations by a vendor and recommends updating
contractual lead times to avoid such deviations in the future. ●
Demand planning : You can use AWS Supply Chain Demand Planning to
create demand forecasts, adjust the forecasts according to market
conditions, and allow demand planners to collaborate across teams ●
Supply planning : You can use Supply planning to plan and forecast
purchases of raw materials, components, and finished goods. Supply
planning supports two types of supply plans, Auto replenishment and Manufacturing plans ●
Sustainability: You can invite partners by using the AWS Supply Chain
data lake connectors and by mapping the partner information to
Partners or Partner's point-of-contact from Amazon S3 or other ERP systems ●
N-Tier Visibility : N-Tier Visibility extends visibility and insights beyond
your organization to your external trading partners
The Amazon Web Service Structure 2.
Robot: In the Amazon news they said that : “ 750,000 Amazon robots are doing
the heavy lifting for our employees so they can deliver for customers”. And
exactly In 2022, 1 billion packages, or one-eighth of all the orders we delivered
to customers worldwide, was sorted by Robin, one of Amazon’s robotic handling
systems. The robot has become one of the parts of the amazon process. Now I
will show some robots being used in the Amazon fulfillment center . ●
Drive Unit : These are autonomous mobile robots that transport heavy
shelving units filled with products to workers' stations. This reduces the
time and effort employees spend searching for and retrieving items. Drive Unit
● Robo-Stow: Large-scale robotic arms lift and stack pallets of inventory
on high shelves within the warehouse. This optimizes storage space and speeds up inventory handling. Robo-Stow
● Robotic Arm: Equipped with sensors and cameras, these robots
accurately and quickly identify, pick, and move products. They are often
used to pack items into boxes or shipping bags. Robotic Arm
● Pegasus: These are small, autonomous robots that transport smaller
packages between workstations within the FC. They reduce employee
travel time and expedite order processing Pegasus 3.
Hệ thống thị giác máy tính (Computer Vision) : Computer vision systems use
artificial intelligence (AI) technology to mimic the capabilities of the human
brain that are responsible for object recognition and object classification.
Computer scientists train computers to recognize visual data by inputting vast
amounts of information. Machine learning (ML) algorithms identify common
patterns in these images or videos and apply that knowledge to identify
unknown images accurately. Amazon uses them for Content-based image
retrieval is an application of computer vision techniques that can search for
specific digital images in large databases. It analyzes metadata like tags,
descriptions, labels, and keywords. Semantic retrieval uses commands such as
'find pictures of buildings' to retrieve appropriate content. Help it to stow the product in the AWS. Computer Vision 4.
Học máy (Machine Learning):Machine learning is the science of developing
algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform tasks
without explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead.
Computer systems use machine learning algorithms to process large quantities
of historical data and identify data patterns. This allows them to predict
outcomes more accurately from a given input data set. For example, data
scientists could train a medical application to diagnose cancer from x-ray images
by storing millions of scanned images and the corresponding diagnoses.
Machine learning helps businesses by driving growth, unlocking new revenue
streams, and solving challenging problems. Data is the critical driving force
behind business decision-making but traditionally, companies have used data
from various sources, like customer feedback, employees, and finance. Machine
learning research automates and optimizes this process. By using software that
analyzes very large volumes of data at high speeds, businesses can achieve results faster.
Machine Learning is at the core of Amazon Web Service that helps in the
process of analyzing and coming up with the company's plans and intentions. 5.
Trí tuệ nhân tạo (Artificial Intelligence - AI) : Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field
of computer science dedicated to solving cognitive problems commonly
associated with human intelligence, such as learning, creation, and image
recognition. Modern organizations collect large volumes of data from diverse
sources like smart sensors, human-generated content, monitoring tools, and
system logs. The goal with AI is to create self-learning systems that derive
meaning from data. Then, AI can apply that knowledge to solve new problems in
human-like ways. For example, AI technology can respond meaningfully to
human conversations, create original images and text, and make decisions
based on real-time data inputs. Your organization can integrate AI capabilities in
your applications to optimize business processes, improve customer
experiences, and accelerate innovation.
They use the AI in some areas like chatbots, Product recommendations, Alexa-
based voice shopping, Product forecasting, Warehouse and delivery
optimization. For example, Amazon uses the ai in product recommendations, it
uses ai to recommendations based on what customers already said they liked.
Research shows that 45 different recommendation widgets are visible on the
app homepage alone, representing Amazon's devotion to promoting product discovery.
The technology helps Amazon fully understand the context and intent behind
customer search queries so that they know why visitors are searching for
specific products and accordingly puts together a list that will drive higher conversions 6.
Tự động hóa (Automation):
Amazon, using the automation with the “ autonomous mobile robot” , helps the
robot safely navigate around human employees, unlike some of its past robots
that it kept separated in caged areas.
It is called the Proteus, they just announced. Proteus is the update of the
Pegasus, the robot I introduced before. The Proteus have “advanced safety,
perception, and navigation technology,” and a (strangely silent) video shows the
robots shining a green light in front of themselves as they move around. When a
human steps into the beam, the robot stops moving, then resumes after the person moves away. 7. Internet of Things (IoT):
Amazon has been using the IoT for the process of the fulfillment center. There
are approximately 17.5 miles of conveyor belts in the FC. In order to run
reliably, every single day they’re monitored via AWS IoT services. AWS IoT
Greengrass helps here by allowing devices to act locally on the data they
generate while still taking advantage of the cloud. Events, in particular from the
machinery, are sent to Lambda Functions in AWS that trigger Step Functions.
These workflows then coordinate RME operations to maintain the equipment,
perform inspections, replace faulty motors and belts, and other types of activities. 8.
Thực tế ảo tăng cường (Augmented Reality - AR):
Amazon uses AR in E Commerce to help the customer project computer-
generated images of products in their living space via augmented reality. With
this feature, app users can make better shopping decisions by visualizing how
viewed items will fit the aesthetic and layout of their home. Amazon App
shoppers can simply tap the camera icon in their search bar, select the “AR
view” option and pull up desired products to sample an unlimited number of