Bài giảng về toán học lớp 12 - Chương 1 Đại số và giải tích

Cách dùng thì Quá Khứ Đơn Ví dụ
Diễn tả những hành động đã xảy ra và kết
World War II was a world war that
thúc hoàn toàn trong quá khứ.
began in 1939 and ended in 1945.
Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong
When I was a little girl, I always read quá khứ. comics.
Diễn tả một hành động xen vào một hành
The children were playing footbal when
động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ. their mother came back home.
Diễn đạt một chuỗi bao gồm các hành động
Last week, Marina saw me, then cried
xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ. and yel ed so loudly.
Dùng trong câu ước không có thật. I wished I owned a vil a.
Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại II (câu điều
If she had a new car, she would drive it
kiện không có thật ở hiện tại). everywhere.
Cách dùng thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn Ví dụ
Dùng để diễn tả sự việc, hành động diễn ra ở một At 9 am yesterday, Jane was
thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ. teaching in her class.
Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra tại cùng một thời She was cooking while her điểm trong quá khứ. daughter was watching TV.
Diễn tả một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng bị
Alicia bursted into tears while she
gián đoạn hoặc chen ngang bởi một hành động was scrol ing through the khác. newspaper.
Dùng để nói về một hành động, hoặc sự việc lặp Hana was always making noise
lại nhiều trong quá khứ với ý tiêu cực. when I was reading. Loại câu Quá khứ đơn
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Dấu hiệu - yesterday
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian như at, nhận biết - in the past in, yesterday - the day before
- At that time, at this time, in - ago the past, last (day, night, - last (week, year, month) week, month, year)
- những khoảng thời gian đã qua trong
- Các cấu trúc câu có từ
ngày (today, this morning, this
“while” và một số trường hợp afternoon). có “when” Loại câu Quá khứ đơn
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Thể khẳng S + was/ were + adj/N. S + was/were + V-ing định
Ví dụ: My father was sick last
Ví dụ: In 2010, we were Sunday. working in a big town in America. Thể phủ
S + was/were + NOT + adj/N.
S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing định
Ví dụ: Those students were not
Ví dụ: I was not joking. active last semester. Câu nghi Was/ Were + S + adj/N?
Was/ Were + S + V-ing ? vấn Câu trả lời: Câu trả lời: (Yes/No Question) Yes, S + was/were Yes, S + was/were
No, S + wasn’t/weren’t.
No, S + wasn’t/weren’t.
Ví dụ: Was Helen the first to sign
Ví dụ: Was he playing up for this course?
badminton while I was doing homework? Câu nghi
When/Where/Why/What/How +
When/Where/Why/What/How vấn
were/ was + S + (not) + adj/N?
+ was/ were + S + V-ing? (WH-
Ví dụ: Why was she so nervous Ví dụ: Where was he question) yesterday?
learning at 8 pm yesterday?
Exercise 1: Viết lại câu quá khứ đơn với các từ cho trước 1. It/ be/ rainy/ last night.
…………………………………………………………………………..
2. In 1999/ they/ move/ to another city.
…………………………………………………………………………..
3. My mother/ not/ go/ to the pagoda/ a month ago.
……………………………………………………………………………
4. How/ your father/ get there?
……………………………………………………………………………
5. My/ grandmother/ make/ three/ cake/ a/ day/ ago.
……………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2: Điền dạng đúng của động từ thích hợp vào câu cho trước
1. My elder sister …………… (get) married last year.
2. Dan …………… (come) to his grandfather’s house 3 days ago.
3. My PC …………… (be) broken last night.
4. My boyfriend …………… (buy) me a big teddy bear on my birthday last month.
5. We ……… …… (not be) interested in the film yesterday.
Exercise 3: Viết lại câu quá khứ đơn sang dạng nghi vấn
1. Hoa went to the cinema with her boyfriend last night.
2. My grandmother went to the market last week.
3. Ten sent his boss a letter apologizing for being late for his appointment yesterday.
4. Sammy bought a new computer last month. 5. She walked to school.
6. My boyfriend gave me a bouquet of roses.
Exercise 4: Chia động từ theo dạng đúng để hoàn thành câu.
1. She ………………. (cal ) Mr Lam at 8 last night, but he (not be) ………………. at home.
He (study) ………………. at the library.
2. Linh ………………. (not hear) the thunder during the storm last night because she ………………. (sleep)
3. It was beautiful last Monday when I went for a walk in the park. The sun ……………….
(shine). The birds ………………. (sing)
4. They ………………. (talk) about something when I………………. (walk) into the bedroom.
5. Linda went to her friends ‘house, but her friend … ……………. (not be) there. He (play)
………………. soccer in the vacant lot down the street.
6. The boy ………………. (fal ) asleep while his mom ………………. (read) him a story.
7. She real y enjoyed my holiday last year. While it ………………. (snow) in Malay, the sun
………………. (shine) in Florida.
8. While Mya ………………. (shovel) snow from her driveway yesterday, her boyfriend
………………. (bring) her a cup of hot chocolate.
9. She ………………. (have) a car accident last month. She ………………. (drive) down the
street when suddenly a lorry ……………. (hit) her car from behind.
10. 5 years ago, the government ………………. (decide) to begin a food programme. At that
time, many people in the rural areas ………………. (starve) due to several years of drought.
Exercise 5: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
1. At this time last year, they…………… (build) this house.
2. I ……………(drive) my car very fast when you cal ed me.
3. I ……………(chat) with my friends while my teacher…………… (teach) the lesson yesterday.
4. My father ……………(watch) TV when I got home.
5. At this time yesterday, I ……………(prepare) for my son's birthday party.
6. What you (do) at 8 pm yesterday?
7. Where you( go) when I saw you last weekend?
8. They………... (go) to school when I met them yesterday.
9. My mother ………... (do) the housework when my father came home.
10. My sister ………... (read) books while my brother ………... (play) footbal yesterday afternoon.
Exercise 6: Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.
1. Jenny ………... (wait) for me when I ………... (arrive).
2. 'What .………... . (you/do) at this time yesterday?' I was asleep.
3. ………... you ………... (you/go) our last night? 'No,I was too tired'?
4. How fast ……….... (you/drive) when the accident ………... .. (happen)?
5. Sam .………... (take) a photograph of me while I ………... (not/look).
6. We were in a very difficult position. We ………... . (not/know) what to do.
7. I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last ……….... (see) him, he ………... .. (try) to find a job.
8. I ..………... (walk) along the street when suddenly I ………...(hear) footsteps behind me.
Somebody .was………... (fol ow) me. I was scared and I .………... . (start) to run.
9. When I was young, I ………... (want) to be a pilot.
10. Last night I .………... . (drop) a plate when I .………... .. (do) the washing up.
Fortunately it .………... . (not/break).
Exercise 7: Use the Past form of the verbs:
1- I (be).......................................a student 2 years ago.
2- He (be).................................. a doctor two years ago.
3- They (be)................................. farmers last year.
4- Lan and Ba (be) .........................nurses last year.
5- It (be not)............................ cold yesterday.
6- She (be not)........................a pupipl last week.
7- This hat (be not) .........................new yesterday.
8- My parents (be not) .......................teacchers two years ago.
9- He (be not) ..........................a mechanic last Monday.
10- (Be)................... he an engineer yesterday. No , he (be not).....................
11- (Be) .................It hot last week?
12- The windows (be) ....................open last Monday.
13- (Be)................. you a teacher two years ago? Yes , I (be).................
14- Where (be) ....................Nam from yesterday?
15- Why (be) ............................he unhappy last Tuesday?
16 - I (remember)........................ your trip to Nha Trang two years ago.
17 - Ba (wear)............................. the cap al day yesterday.
18 - I (eat) ..........................a lot of fish yesterday.
19 - Her aunt (take)................................... her to see Cham Temple last year.
20 - Tuan (have).............................. a new bike yesterday.
21 - She (not buy).................................. a new ruler yesterday?
22 - He (not talk)................................. with his parents about his vacation in Da Lat last year.
23 - They (not come).................................. school yesterday?
24 - The windows (not close)............................ yesterday?
25 - We (not return) ......................................at home at 7 pm last Monday.
26 - She (not eat ) .............................................fish and crab yesterday.
27 - Lan (not go )................................. Ho Chi Minh city two years ago.
28 - My parents (not take).................................to Vung Tau last week.
29 - We (not have)......................................a lot of friends in Ha Noi.
30 - Lan and Hoa (be).................................... your school two years ago?
Exercise 8. Supply the correct verb form, positive or negative.
1/ It stopped raining, so I _____ off my raincoat. (take)
2/ The novel wasn’t very interesting. I _____ it very much. (enjoy).
3/ We went to Kate’s house but she _____ at home. (be)
4/ She was in a hurry, so she _____ time to phone you. (have)
5/ The story was very funny but nobody _____ . (laugh)
6/ Tom was very hungry. He _____ like a horse. (eat)
7/ The room was so cold, therefore we _____ wel . (sleep)
8/ It was hard work carrying the bags. They _____ very heavy. (be)
9/ The window was open and a bird _____ into the room. (fly)
10/ It was very hot, so I _____ on the air-conditioner. (turn)