







Preview text:
Impact of less sleep on learning concentration in class    
S. H. Afifah1, A. W. Kusuma2, A. P. Putra3, G. R. Putri4 syifahnff@gmail.com1 
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Telkom University, Indonesia1, 2, 3, 4     Abstract 
This study aims to obtain a description of the effects of sleep deprivation of students 
on learning concentration. The description includes four things, namely: frequency of 
sleepiness, hours of sleep, reasons for lack of sleep, and the level of concentration of 
learning. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data was collected 
through a survey of 60 students. The results of this study indicate that the frequency 
of sleepiness of students in class is very high, very little hours of sleep, the reason for 
lack of sleep is because of staying up late, studying, and assignments. Meanwhile, the 
average student experiences a low concentration of learning.   
Keywords: learning concentration, insomnia, parasomnia, sleep     1. INTRODUCTION 
 Daily activities often deplete stamina so that the body experiences fatigue. Body 
stamina can return to be optimal after we rest or sleep. Enough or insufficient sleep 
can greatly influence human concentration. When a person has difficulty falling asleep, 
it usually has a bad impact on the activities they lead. The definition of sleep according 
to experts is defined as a subconscious state in which a person can still be awakened 
by giving sensory stimuli or by other stimuli (Guyton and Hall, 2008). 
Sleep is a state when the body is in a regular state, and in a state of silence, 
recurrence, and an increase in external response in an unconscious state. Sleep is the 
state of a person under his consciousness and if given sensory stimuli or other stimuli 
that person can be awakened (Guyton and Hall, 2008). Sleep is an activity carried out 
repeatedly that changes the conscious status or awareness within a certain time  (Potter, 2005). 
 Serious sleep difficulties are usually experienced by some people and experience 
complications due to lack of sleep such as declining health, drug dependence, etc. In 
the aspect of sleep needs, not only looking at the factors of sleep hours, but we also     
have to look at factors of the quality of one's sleep. A good quality of sleep can be seen 
when someone shows no signs that he has problems in his sleep. Changes in sleep 
patterns usually occur because of the demands of daily activities. Usually, students 
sleep too late because of the demands of work or study because the exam will be held. 
Students who have sleep deprivation problems usually look sleepy while in the 
classroom. The drowsiness was also often complained by students. Every night a 
person experiences two different types of sleep and alternates with each other: Rapid-
Eye Movement (REM) sleep and Non-Rapid-Eye Movement (NREM) sleep. Changes 
in sleep levels affect the quality of one's sleep (Sudaryat, Nurhadi, Rahma, & Mayasari, 
2019). Human sleep patterns are influenced by the lifestyle of humans themselves, 
including the human social relationships, stress levels that refer to insomnia can 
interfere with human sleep patterns. Human age is one of the factors that determine 
how long sleep is needed. Older or more mature, the less time needed to sleep  (Asmadi, 2008). 
Learning concentration according to Nugroho (2012) is concentration of 
thought, a situation when the situation is calm, peaceful, comfortable, individual 
attention to a learning that is being faced. Learning concentration according to 
Nugroho (2012) is concentration of thought, a state when the situation is calm, 
peaceful, comfortable, individual attention to a learning that is being faced. This 
concentration of learning also influences how the brain works. The higher the 
concentration of ability, the higher the person's comprehension (Rahma & Nurhadi,  2018a, 2018b).    METHOD 
The method in this study uses qualitative methods. Data was collected through 
a questionnaire using Google Forms. Sources of data come from students at Telkom 
University. There were 60 respondents in this study consisting of 30 men and 30 
women. Data processed with descriptive statistics. Then described using graphs and  tables.        
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
Frequency of Drowsiness 
This section discusses the frequency of Telkom University students who are 
sleepy when attending lecture material on campus. After doing the survey, we get data  like the chart below. 
Frequency of Drowsiness in College  5 , 9  41 , 2  52 , 9  Always  Often  Sometimes   
Figure 1. Frequency of Drowsiness when You Follow in Lecture   
 It can be seen from the data above that there are 5.9% of Telkom University students 
who are always sleepy in learning course material, there are 41.2% of Telkom 
University students who are often sleepy in learning course material , and there are 
52.9% of Telkom University students who are sometimes sleepy in learning course  material    
Students’ Bedtime Duration 
This section discusses the hours of sleep of Telkom University students at night. 
After doing the survey, we get data like the chart below.     
Students' Bedtime Duration  11 , 8  23 , 5  29 , 4  35 , 3  <5 Hours  5-6 Hours  6-7 Hours  >7 Hours    
Figure 2. Students’ Bedtime Duration    
It can be seen from the data above that there are 23.5% of Telkom University 
having sleep schedules of less than 5 hours which are indicated to be poor, there are 
35.3% of Telkom University students having sleep schedules as many as 5 to 6 hours 
indicated lack of sleep, there were 29.4% of Telkom University students having sleep 
schedules of 6 to 7 hours which were indicated to be quite good, and there were 11.8% 
of Telkom University students in TT- class 43-10 have a sleep schedule of more than 
7 hours which is indicated to be very good.   
Reasons for Sleep Deprivation 
This section discusses why Telkom University students have poor sleep quality. After 
doing the survey, we get data like the chart below.      Reasons for Sleep   Deprivation  11 , 8  35 , 3  52 , 9  Task  Staying up late Studying 
Figure 3. Reasons for Sleep Deprivation    
It can be seen from the data above that there are 52.9% of Telkom University 
students who reason that they are lacking sleep because they are working late into the 
night to pursue a period of time, there are 35.3% of Telkom University students lack of 
sleep because they just want to stay up late just like playing games, watching movies, 
and listening to music, there are 11.8% of Telkom University students reasoning that 
they are sleep deprived because at night it is used to study, repeat the material that 
has been taught, and memorize material for the test.       
Students Concentration Level 
In this section, we discuss how to concentrate when studying college if the sleep 
quality of Telkom University students is lacking. After doing the survey, we get data like  the chart below.      Concentration Level  11 , 8  29 , 4  58 , 8  Low  Enough  High   
Figure 4. Students Concentration Level      
It can be seen from the data above that there are 29.4% of Telkom University 
students who lack concentration and cannot receive learning clearly when they lack 
sleep, there are 58.8% of Telkom University students who lack sleep but can receive 
learning material even if it is only sufficient, and there 11.8% of Telkom University 
students are sleep deprived but have full concentration and are able to receive learning  material clearly.   
Sleep Problems Faced by Students 
From all the data we get, a lot of Telkom University students have poor sleeping 
habits so that it can influence concentration in understanding lecture learning material. 
Concentration is the concentration of the self and the function of the soul on an object, 
paying attention to the seriousness of what is the object of concentration without regard 
to things that can interfere with that attention. Concentration in learning is needed so 
that all learning material can be entered and digested by the brain so that we can 
understand and remember the material well. 
A person's level of concentration is also influenced by sleep patterns. The 
majority of Telkom University students claim to have difficulty concentrating when 
learning material due to staying up late at night. In addition to difficulty concentrating, 
poor sleep patterns also cause insomnia and parasomnia. Insomnia is a symptom     
when a person has difficulty sleeping. This includes difficulty falling asleep, often 
waking up at night and waking up too early which causes during the daytime conditions 
are not fresh due to lack of sleep. Parasomnia is a sleep disorder when the individual 
can experience events such as sleepwalking, sleep talking, and so on. 
Sleep patterns and concentration have a strong relationship. Good sleep patterns 
have a period of more than 7 hours. Many Telkom University students ignore good 
sleep patterns. This is really unfortunate, if someone has a lack of sleep patterns it will 
have an impact on health. Health in individuals can be reduced so that there is a 
decrease in concentration. For example, if a student has a lack of sleep patterns then 
health is reduced, resulting in a decrease in student concentration, if the concentration 
of students decreases, students cannot receive and digest learning material well which 
can have an impact on student achievement. to maintain the concentration of learning 
needs to be maintained sleep patterns. Enough sleep makes a high concentration of 
learning and more focused on learning, so students can digest the knowledge gained  and excel in their lectures.    CONCLUSIONS 
Based on the results of data collection that has been done through a form or survey 
about the impact of sleep deprivation on the learning process of students of Telkom 
University. The intensity and duration of sleep tends to be 5-6 hours to sleep with the 
excuse of doing work late into the night for the sake of pursuing a period of time, 
playing games, watching movies, listening to music, repeating material that has been 
taught, and memorizing the material for the exam. If you sleep less than 7 hours, 
students and students have difficulty concentrating in following learning, can also 
cause insomnia and parasomnia. Sleep should be done more than 7 hours a day so 
that students and students can concentrate on participating in learning. So, a good 
sleep pattern for students and college students is to sleep in a relatively permanent 
time and have a schedule to start sleeping and to wake up in a day that is done  regularly.    REFERENCES 
Asmadi. (2008). Teknik Prosedural Keperawatan: Konsep dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan 
Dasar Klien. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba.     
Guyton dan Hall. (2008). Aktivitas Otak Tidur, Gelombang Otak, Epilepsi, Psikosis:  
Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta: EGC. 
Potter, Perry. (2005). Fundamental Keperawatan. Jakarta: EGC. 
Rahma, R., & Nurhadi, J. (2018a). Can Power Spectral Density (PSD) be used to 
Measure Reading Concentration? In Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on 
Applied Linguistics and the Second English Language Teaching and Technology 
Conference in collaboration with the First International Conference on Language, 
Literature, Culture, and Education (CONAPLIN and ICOLLITE 2 (pp. 450–453). 
Bandung: ScitePress. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007169004500453 
Rahma, R., & Nurhadi, J. (2018b). Measurement of concentration duration on reading 
activity: EEG analysis with OpenBCI Ganglion Board. Pedagogy EJournal, 1(32). 
https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ 
Sudaryat, Y., Nurhadi, J., Rahma, R., & Mayasari, M. (2019). Hypnotic Direct and 
Indirect Suggestions for Improving the Efficiency and Depth of Sleep: An EEG 
Activity Signal Processing in Various Sleep Stages. Journal of Physics: 
Conference Series, 1179. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012146