Bản sao của đề cương ôn tập triết 1│Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội

Bản sao của đề cương ôn tập triết 1│Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội được biên soạn theo phân phối chương trình học. Bao gồm các thông tin được sắp xếp theo trật tự logic nhằm cung cấp cho người học kiến thức và kỹ năng nhất định, sẽ làm tăng tính sinh động của môn học, từ đó giúp sinh viên có thể tiếp thu kiến thức một cách dễ dàng và linh hoạt hơn.

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                 

!    "# 

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15* %+61$7'!$%

Chủnghĩaduyvậtsiêuhìnhcậnđại#89:;;<9:;;;*+=!0

!'->!4?4@A!%*!)0

B=C

CuốithếkỷXIXđầuthếkỷXX+!1D)EBBF->!

)G0H=1IJ%11

3)0)0CK!LMNO*"+>9PQ)>R

QBPQSCK!LMTU*"+>>VP#BW 00

+'XY='X#CK!LMZ$! *+>

)>(W!)V)>(!J[+\0''(

CK!M]^_!)E+>#XV1)>(B)J#-.`

>!##XV1)>(K'#X1)>(K

a'+%P'b11/X01/,!

->!4)=!c-)=!111/d4

+e!Chủnghĩaduyvậtvàchủnghĩakinhnghiệmphêphán ?M]M@:;5'

')f/*+!&,-&./01.234-5 $

67&!-8898:& ;6:& <!-;=

!-;: >-5?!%,8:& @

AB CD,1E:+BFB

 @:g+0!hiRQ%RVRQ%H=

@%RV1h)=j)I%B.1<)Q

)I%G0#-)J+DW2),A'%)=

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>kljQ=B)VB-12jQ=

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-

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#-?@.!?DW@:?W@QG0

)J+#$+HJDW-)fDWDW?W@QP

+HJJGX#-1D

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-\r)V-\rH

GB H/'$ !+BFB

I'J4K

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:4!IW)f/#s)fQDWQP

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@-B>W )f)V!X->1QD

W/` EJ)QG0 EJ-)fDW EJ#-)f%

f `')IB>D[,!'W

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[DW")QQDWGX-)fDW

'!0)J\ +R>`#-$-X

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B=>k#%S-!$F3PX%4b)J

+X)J)J!!PS)!0/` EJ

Vj)VBBRVĐặcđiểmcơbảncủalượng@

%#-bVV1!J0'!!Jf%

)f#$G0!J2)fm@zQ40V#

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>[XB'1P`>VP`>V+W0+b

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=!jQ=B)VBRV

B(I$%E%JD'!6

Sựphânbiệtgiữachấtvàlượngchỉcóýnghĩatươngđối{"R!X->

! )f),V),QVk!X->0Q=

k!X->#

Mỗisựvật,hiệntượnglàmộtthểthốngnhấtgiữahaimặtchấtvàlượng&!I

)JB>Wo"*#P`>V)G0V

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#.0!)QP`)34Vo)P`)34P`

>Vo6Q=zA+0!)JV

)Jo)E!P`>V\B)3BS)\RV?IK

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)3)QP`>VA!)P`>V!)2

Lượngthayđổiđạttớichỗphávỡđộcũ!1P`>V)3

=!<2)=!!0)QBS)\ .B.<)V)=!r

Bướcnhảyh)=j)0=*B.41P`>V

[)34V)Q,'BI*B.P`B)34V

U.#r!J)0B)34VP`)0-b

)J'H1P`>VP`>V!V0B)3)

)=!r!0 eB.!zWP`)J1P`>Vw

rbB)3\`4Vrb.40!J)2r$

!P`!)2P`A

Cáchìnhthứccủabướcnhảy:>RQB.#$A*Pk

)=+,B>-)=!B>W-)=!P'b{JB.,P`

>V[!,oXQ1r)4#>)QP`w

)341P`>V)Q24bWB.#

zKW-!$f+)J1B.2B.bước

nhảytoànbộ<[B.!.!IBJ+X1P`

>V)3Bướcnhảycụcbộ<0B.j!)3!JPX!I!J

PXX!JPXBJ+1P`>V)Q|`+,B>B.BJH

BJjQD/*)X)4)rDhB.BJHBJbr

A)4#-.1-b)34VzKW21P`)34

`'*1P`)3)Q2B. bướcnhảyđột

biến<#1P`>VB)3!Qk.!BJ+*B.1Q

Bướcnhảydầndần<-b)34w P`%}\[X1

!0BF\X1A!P`>VB)3!

~V)3<)3#$jQ'!J4V)3o))3

!6Q4V0#!)E)2Q00!JV!+hV+

Q)=QP`X![V=>klP`)J1!

4-!$b)Jf+)>)XV!0'%X[!

V!P!

Q!0B#{P`>VAP`XB>W[

V|`X)Q=>k@[)3\4V)=!r=

[)34$-B.m@!)2P

攃w

)J)J

k0P`)31V!V!0+HB)3)!J!W)J)Q0

+•A#b!E!Qp@-b)J-0[V0'

)2)J'H)W)0)W)0'HRP`B)3\\4

V.4G0B)3\\4V)=eBfB.

+"1W!P`>V#$R)JB)3+

=

1B !$"!

RJ-V)3<)31++B>Wr!JPX

'S+*++0)JW0)J`w @~

V)3<)3r+W)VP`+=1P`>VB2Aw

B%}\4V:b+.BRB%}4V)=!B

)34m@~V)3<)3 r+W)V- EJw

$-0)JQDW12:b#)E%})\)14V

+.B.#f+2=[)34V[

)34=[)3!%PB)3!%

!0zjQr!#S+H)VkB.1b>[#

2)VB=>klP`+=j)3)*\4Vp@~

V)3<)3r+W)VP`)346+HJ+*W

'#[X0P`>V:b0)J1!b+.

B)Jr+*W'#'*Pk=cB.-

X0P)Q

 O   , 1 $" ! I        &P I 

!# H     !  % Q& D $" ! " 8  J  

4 K# 

B +;R$"!B~!,o!JB-*B.

1+ €+B>WQjnguồngốc,độnglựcB'1P`

)J+=

EB S %&&T &T

Kháiniệmmâuthuẫn!,o#>!h)=jP`'>*

)Jo1!I)X+•X0!,o!I)X+<[!I

J%#)JVhG0!JP`>

Vh!J2!J!X'>2 'X)

=Q=#o

Mâuthuẫncómộtsốtínhchấtchung%#-+3B)0+

+r=>kl`' EJ)4Q!,oG0#$+H

JDW2

Mộtsốloạimâuthuẫn@zKW->[!I)X+)X!JP`

>V2+,!,o@!,oB'<P`)J-0

[!I#)X+!,o!B.,P`>

V)Q6-)f`+)X-b)J+=1P`

>VB@d,oB'<!,ow !X'>[P`

>V#Q.k)P`G0+=1P`>V

+.$-!,oB'!+Hm@zKWP`G0

+=1BJP`>V2+,!,o@!,o*

B.<!,o-)fB.1P`>V-)fP`+=1P`

>V.)0Rrb)r#r!,

oG0PX-bG01P`>VB@d,o#$*

B.<!,o)I!J+*>)Q1P`>VfP`

+X1!,o*B.!,oj-)fP`)J+=1!JI

!I)Q1P`>Vp@zKW61!,o)XP`G0

+=1P`>V!J)0)f2+,!,o

@!,o1<!,o3')\k!J)0+=

)f1P`>VQH-)f[!,o#h!J

)01-b+=1P`>V‚.-!,o1P

攃w

0

)4#>)=.-[!,o#kh)0|`+==

1P`>VPbW#+HJ>.-!,o1

B@d,oW<[!,o#$)Q6-)fP`)J

+=1P`>V[!,o1Wj

*)X{"R.H=Q[!,o)4#>1

P)4#>#0WV0q@zKW%1V

%*B.)X+1+k!J)0)f2+,!,

o EJ@!,o)X#<!,o[[+[+

)2[[  EJQV%*B.)X+#$=)4

)V7Q!,o[+BQJBfBQJ[+Xf

+BffB@d,o#$)X#<!,o[[#

[+[+)2[  EJQV%*B.#$)X

+z!,o)QHBJ0!2

Vaitròcủamâuthuẫnđốivớisựvậnđộngvàpháttriển"ax"'

,%A',Xh0'GX1P`)J+=

1!P`>VP`)Jo[r[!I)X+

rzQ0)Joo))J7QP`)Jo[

P`>VP`)Jo[!I)X+!JP`>V

z.0)J0'P`)Jj0)JW<0)J

o[I+!I)X+!,o[r0'!!P`>

V+=

B U N,&T

!l!,oI+!I)X+RXR)o

0'b03)f*)X1P`>VThốngnhấtgiữacáccặp

mặtđốilập#>!h)=jP`'>[r=>k@I+!I)X+

\)*`!4)4G0#$Q!Ib#$

Q!I#m@I+!I)X+)J,B=>P`)

[!)bA!sp@[I+!I)X+*

)G)G?!I)X+6G0[XX@

=>P`)X!JPXXJ%Đấutranhlẫnnhaugiữa

cáccặpmặtđốilập#>!h)=j#BR+1)f[

I+!I)X+o)P`=#!,oP)Q)P`=Q?P`)G

'[)4#>)Q0'@[I+!I)X+

P`X)'b@P`X[I+!I)X+Q

%0!2*)XQ)4#>-/P`X)QjG0

0)W!*)X1P`>Vm@P`)[I+!I

)X+Q%>)X/P`))Q+•P`3)f*)X1Po

)P`=41r%>)X1P`)S4P``,

)J+=#$R1P‚w

Q!0-b)J1!,o.-)0@#P`>

V! >!,o=>kP`#[I+!I)X+m@

-b)J+=1P`>V1%I+!I)X+P`

#[rk )J=Q!,op@#)4#>%

!GI+!I)X+=Qo?"IBR+1)fo

I!I>'!I#I.!I)4Bf>'@d,o)V.

-!P`>VA!)P`>V!)2P`#

)J!,o0)V+.-!,oo)P`=QW

P`>V$G0b0)J+=#$R7Q

D)=#s)f!,o',.-!,o)J`

)J+=1P`>V`' EJ

1B  !$"!

RJ-!,or!JPX'S+*++

0)JW0)J`w @~!,or+W)rB.

1P`b!+*.++)r0)J`w B

)2+>!,o1PdX+>!,o\b!=X

1I+)X+P

m@ ~!,or+>+,%!,o+.BS)\R> "! -b

+P+=1R!,o "! 6f%!X->o[

I+!I!,o)4#>=o[r

p@ ~!,or+W)V)=r)eP+=+.b!

.-!,o#$)V)4!,od!,oj)V.-

#Q)1)#>%!G#$QJB.1b>#.-!,o

  C, 1  $" !          !# 



V S %&;E%J

)J+=#$R$h$|`>VP

G0+=G!))VBP`>V#b

G0BbG0#1h!JP`>V-b

)J+=1Q|`)QP`+1)f

d-b)J+=/``' EJ

)4$-[P`+1)f)QQ[P`+1)f!WP`+w

=AQ[P`+1)f0)4#>4)4-b+=

C[P`+1)f0)4#>4)4-b+=1P`>V

)VP`+1)fB>W:#$j4P`B)3Q

!KB.4P`+=++B>Wr+,%

#$jP`+1)fQ!KB.P`+1)fB>W

a1)fB>WQ)I)=!*B.%#-%#R

a1)fB>WQ%#-b',1P`+1)f!

%B.,P`>VQ#-.1-b).-!,o

B'B.,P`>V0#.K)21!

A2)Q0' +=1%B.,Q:b+1)fB>W

A%P``,+1)f

a1)fB>WQ%#Ry#R[,XV+-0BF

,X-a1)fB>W#$+.P`+1)fP0*A!

0'*Pk[0,V+D1A)=+=!0'%

'H1P`+=7QP`+1)f!)Q!b+=`

,

$--bBF!I'`l2[0[J%`:;5'

yƒ^$+.P`+1)fP0*#$+.+1)f#$P/#$

+.P`+1)f#$+.P``A#$+.P`2)I

B.++BW!P`+1)f6#,1

'>6#,1P`+=ƒ

Uk+1)fB>W#1!X'>B'[

A!P``#s)f1-b)J+=1P`>

V

EV 

P`)J/1+1)fB>W!J-w

b$0'#+=1P`>VRb)J+)

b)J*Q%#{"bWƒ Xƒw

l+1)f0'-b+=1P`>V!l\+1

)fB>W)40[)4#>4)4P`+=+"1Q.

-4e+1)fWƒ+1)fh+1)fƒP

攃w 

o#-.P`

)J"4)'1P`>V%#{1-b+

=2w "bWƒ Xƒ)QA%ƒ+1)f1+H)fƒ

"%!l#{+=1P`>V2.-\+1

)f*B.1bG011Q)QbX!l#{I+

0[)I*B.1bB)\#{)Q'*Pk*4

b )J+=2#R)V[,X%`0BF)V[,X

'`-\+1)fB>W

":;5'yƒR#s)f)+1)f<RP`+1)f)ƒP`Xƒ

Bf#s)f#$Q)Q++B>Wk!JP`+1)fP0*!J

6*1/ƒ

~+1)f1+1)f#-%+3B1P`+=y)Q

#$+.P`+="bW!J)2s!+="b

W)2ƒ Xƒ:;5')E#-)2)QPyƒ|`+=b

w 0[)0)E-!JbW#k!Jb)J*

?ƒ+1)f1+1)fƒ@P`+=Q=Q")2$XW#$"

)2sƒ

^+=")2 X=>%B>W1P`

+=)Q%#R%I+0%'dl6!1)2 X

AI+0!Jb)J*|`+X16)2

3+.-b+=$R+)1P`>V

-b+=1P`>V+1)fB>W)E)Q6

[ƒ6#,ƒ1-b)Q

Q!0J*B.1-+1)f1+1)f++B>W

+.!X->B>W[+1)f#s)f-

b+=1P`>Va1)fB>W)4#>P`+=

!)2#-.1P`#R[J%`RP`>V

A+QP`>V!0'%#{1P`+=C

461-ax")Eyƒ+1)f+1)fb„5!J

-$h+3B.%b!Q!J\!-QH$h

4P`+=1`'1fP(1ƒ

V H !

< ~+1)f1+1)f*Pk)=rW!J)r)S

4 )J+=1P`>V~b)Q#$"w

)2s!)2-+W0+G!4)04-b#

'%)0+W0+1-b+=jP`B=>1

##'"-z\+.S!)V)I)=!

B.!X'>1P`>V)=)JP`++hV+

'\0)JWB=>1-#,P-

!0!0)J1r`^s)f4! w

+='1BJ7QB=>1-#

,P-!0

< "-+1)f1+1)f#-!+.

)2)=A`'!)2+="-#

-)2PX EJ!)2'*Pk0)JQ!H)%QDW`

P012:b,,%%`1,X1-

!0)JQ4!P`S1!1J!)

!SVn)Q\#S+HkB.1f>)4#b!E!P`

+=1!!-+1)f1+1)f

< ~)=!B>W4P`+=)6F-b+1)fA+.

"-S#RQ+'+#R[,XV+-BFV-

.0'`-!r)eP+="BJ

 G W4 K ! N#   N J  E: 8X  #    R 

 4 K I '  J# 

B W4K NJE:4K

Thựctiễnlàgì?`w BJ[0)JQ!H)%!%

fP(< EJ12!.B`' EJ`0)J#w

2P(H$H)J)XV!)XV)Q)3"

!H)%1!b50)J)I1B.2`#$Rw

+=Bk>12--bfP(C`QB)Iw

0)J.!%fP(<`'%!H)%

Cáchìnhthứccủathựctiễn@&0)JP. bW*B.-

1`5)J*Pk00)J#1w

20)J)E)2R0r'02).!B.

P`G0+=12Q' EJ2Qm@&0

)J.0 EJ?%f< EJ@0)J!.0>` EJ.B

[-> EJ'QH`+)XP`+= EJ)IB>`

w !0 EJp@&0)J`>!bW)IB>1`w `

>!BG!`>!P. `>!#`>! EJ)V

)4#>,0!rS21-bB)3)=`

'*Pk)QWW!%,`1WC[bW

1`>!A!B)3`' EJq@z0)J`w

#$*B.H>++)0)W)V!kJQ6

K)XP`+=1 EJ)2PX EJ+=

'!)0)Q0)JP. -)fbW601

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EB CJ

ĐịnhnghĩaCW-b+.%``P0

#-E2'*Pk`!P0[W4w

#-)Q%)rP1[W)Q)V)` )fw

Nhậnthứcđượcchiathànhnhiềutrìnhđộ@n`#.K+.B.

1)XVW2WW#>!W

Dm@zKW%`+`1P`+.B.1)XV

W2WW$2W#

B +R4KI'J

1) Thựctiễnlàcơsởcủanhậnthức$-0)J`2w

B)Vr%!X->[)XV)=bW4

)XV&0)J`w B3P)4j[W)E)V#-`

)4\>!HW#)J+=1w

Wz%\.%W.0BJ2)J`

+)XVB0)J`w 1!bz%P`)J)Q)E!

)XVBJJ[J%[!X'>->#[r

)"!02[Wr+2W)V-

)J+=1'*Pk)QbD#

2) Thựctiễnlàmụcđíchcủanhậnthức.CW#$j.!E\=

B!6)+W\,K``)=)0>-.*)+w

W\K12`w $)J+=2)Q`

w r)eW)J+="`w )I[)4!D\

.-

3) Thựctiễnlàđộnglựcthúcđẩyquátrìnhvậnđộng+=1W&0

)J`w Q++\>-0#.K+.0B%

*0$H+*>)=KK`+.12

)X`'C[W)V+H`w )"!0)J`#%%-

bW+"

4) Thực tiễn làtiêuchuẩn kiểm tra chânlý.`2W!w

,DdP`B)312 'fP`#=!>!`+1`w

`w Q6'e)f?,D@[W)E)0)V)G

2B3P)4j+=>W

Nhưvậy,`w #$[X)Q6-)f)XP`b

+=1W!6*W+.$)==>!%

)r)S1!b:61`)Xw W)6Fr->quan

điểmthựctiễn~)=!'\>W+. +R`w R\

`w `w !'e?)@W$3#`

w :>'WD+.'>`w  2`w P

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*1/`H#>!1/

 Y      E%  $  N  J# + 1=  ) " 

8 $  N 0   E: # 

 U2&+BFB)89E%JJ!B*WZ

4$[,/1"Z6;Z1"Z6/4K;\!

89E%J[4J!;J%45 $

Nhậnthứccảmtính]4$[,V[W-!

0C)I*B.k)0W)V`>!X'>`

+`$-.!B=Vw

Nhữngthànhphầncủanhậnthứccảmtính@z.!W)VPP`

)J`+1P`>V'-12m@P`

3V+?+XV+B3Po@14.!'B>!J!X'>

X0'!Jb.*)Xj4P`>Vp@U=V

)Vb2P`+XV+0)JB3Po1-)EQP`

!1X+,%RV#.K$1E2

^-.1Wk)0`-P)J#$[j

WgB4i4P`>V!)EQgi)0`-P

)J)0Wj#-4P`>V#

1)0-bW!j')4W4B.

P`>V

Nhậnthứclýtính]1"Z6VBSGR`-P)JRD

>40CWD%+.P,PS% )\)1*4

#=W#>!+)P?PD@ [bW*B.

1RV

Nhữngthànhphầncủanhậnthứclýtính@^>!bW*B.1

RVm@a)bW'##>!0)=#s

)fI+1)f!J)I)=!!JJ%)Q1P`>VbW

+.!X'>[P`>V1#-DW

20'61+)bWB=>)0-#w

-p@|?PD@bW1'#+)0)=r

W!"+*+++)Xh)VPR[+)'

)4?P-b)R[+)')4)!J+)!

^-.1W)0RV2+*++R

V#-$>`-P)JR

V>)=0RV+.>`P,PS*+.

)V[J%!X->B.!%-1P`>V

Mốiquanhệbiệnchứnggiữahaigiaiđoạnnhậnthức:

V W4$[,RV)01!J-b

WQ[P`#4!W)J+.>`#-[

-b)QQP`'>)J-0`-P)J*Pk1

RV'`WD%#$=`>>W

.!%!0V0WD%P

攃w

!W.!%P,PS

% *

AV (^5/$:J!l!2)0)V

W#-)4#-.1.`-P)JRV

)V`>'*Pk`w `w -)f)Q`-P)J

)=!#k)\RV3V+[W1`-P)J

#-.1W`w *#=!>!%,`1#-.)Q1

W7Q%)2B>W1W

GV (^8-J\[)I'CWk)0.!

%S4`w S4P`)J`+1#=W'

-11=WCWk)0D%)E#FP`)J`

+1#=W)=Q=B-P`>VWk

)0+.)V`#=!>!W!!*.w

k=$#$`7Q`1!>)4gRRV)`

iw

YV (^NJ)4+.)R`w )`-P)JG)

RVG)`w )Q`w [6)=!BS)\#,#

r1b)QCP`#rbW0P`#k)\1

bW!k!W)J*J*bAW)J!E!

W12P,*S!)VB.-1

#-+HH0)JB)3

_V W89J)QW!l\!,oW)V.

-b0 >!,o!dl\.-!,o1W!J

\W)V,'b)J!% *~b.-!,o1

WA-b0BF\[WP)E+0!+.^-.1-

b)Qb.1-)V0Q%B.QJ#

-*H=*-b)Q#$R.P)J.-

!,o1W)=0#>!+0!h-!+.

)rB.1))J=+=#$R

`B abF H + 1=  ) " 8 $  N 0   E:  ](cCa

WdCeefWWec(SeghV

L ~)=!B>W4!->[,D`)6F0w

)JW2+. +R`)=)0),D,D-w

b)G2+.2 '`H,D 0J`w )=+

=`w

< zW#%`HP0[W)Q0

)J# EJ,>-.10)J`12:4`w

)Q%>+61,D#0)J`w

< '!">)X%B.,!b

 _   , 1 $ ! $ % [: i . 6 ' N ,   

2  !4 !6 [: i# j4  1= $" ! " k'  % "# 

B S %&!4!6[:i;$%[:i

Lựclượngsảnxuất4.<#}1b#< EJ!X

->[2`'-bP. =>K`

`+H`'BPW!012-b)Q|`+

=1`VP. -)fP`bG0=[b

#< EJRb+%BJ'bBJ*

Cácyếutốcủalựclượngsảnxuất: @>P. G!$H)J)X

V)J+*>)J)Q@$H)J?[=

+WV+=X2)XV)J4)JR2))X

V)J B@7XV)JBJ+1`')V)P. 

fP`)J12@a*>)JG!)2 \X#

BBE+*>=$'0

m@ C2)J[2Q=`#}K#>!)JB

P(H>P. )=01.C2)J#$j+=4

=`!6+=.4%`0B%P0)J%>

b)J'!$F)0)W4>+P[X-1

2)J5)JQ%>)J%>

p@ ^)V!J[X+\1`VP. 

&>#>!#6)V!kJP/`$>^<$

>)kƒ`VP. `+ƒkƒ`VP. )J+ƒ

)I)=!2)01P. >

b)J+=1`VP. b)J1$H)Jb)J3

W+,$)J EJb)JWH`#P. 

#>!#}K)J=>-#.K+H`'12

Quanhệsảnxuất2%&I$%D9'98$ N[:

i][:i [:iil,Vm!$%E:;$"&0$%il,

5 m.6'N, 2!4!6[:i;-8[k-n

il,!o5 $2E%/,il,BW8$"!";

$%[:i&J;18!4!6[:i$"B

Cácyếutốcủaquanhệsảnxuất@~>Pk[)X>P. <-

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%bW+,+X!W)J+1+1

\+ EJ)4+HJ->Pk[>P. ->3W-.

D+,$)J

-bP. B+\*B.'),1->P. 

Q->[*0'P`3)f*)XPP`)J2 '

1`VP. dlX1->P. Q6D/)J'

P.  EJ#)Q->Pk[>P. )Q6-)f)X

->60->3W-.D+,$)J->

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Lựclượngsảnxuấtquyđịnhquanhệsảnxuấtvàquanhệsảnxuấttácđộngtrởlại

lựclượngsảnxuất

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`*B.r)e##$+hV+->P. P

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)Jk0`VP. 6=>k->P. -)f!H)%P.

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`VP. jQ=+=#Q->P. V+D)GBJQ

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B!P`=Q!I)X++P!,o

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)J+=1`VP. |`+hV+)Q=>kl.BX1->

P. 0g)fB)\)1i`VP. +=/->P. 0

)4#>P(H#V+X2)J>P. 2)Q`V

P. Q*Pk)=+=#.K1!b|`)Jk01->P.

)X`VP. B2A$--# EJ)IB>

-#*B.

+pCqrCa

< …2#{R70J;:?K!MZT@)70J:;?K!MLT@

17.r)E!S+.B>1-D%QJB>B.1b>

+0!-#-)IB>-->P. +hV+b)J

+=1`VP. zr)E#F)4#>`1!J)w

##!+=6†00!X0!J->P.

tiêntiếnđitrước)=!k)2`VP. +=C-.b

V0

7rK#>70J:;)E#s)fyg^>!`jcy`V

P. Bf#b!E!#$j2V+->P. 0!.#->

P. +=#$)GBJQ[X)- Pb)J+=1

`VP. i?p@5r)Qr)E1-!X0!J->P. V

b)J`VP. !!,o[`VP. ->P.

k'S)),!#1.#< EJzr)EQ

[B=>QJ!X QBF+\#+ EJ1/

QB#B.,-X!I#b-,*

+-'B+#b!E!P`+=1)zrR1-

QJRB.1b>!I)QhG0.kB1!0

|`WP-WFP`04WDH-

)0)J2#{-)J##$)r[-1P.

Q‡>3##>!`w zJPX0r!J

B!%khôngthểnóngvộilàmtráiquyluật.

- 070J:;<70J#k)\$J)3!7.)E+'+B>1

-D%+0!-#-!trướchếtchủyếu-->

P. +hV+b)J+=1`VP. R)Q70J)ErB

-g7.+.$$ +R`$)J"-

#-i+.g!->P. +hV+%b)J1`

VP. $$QHr)eP`+=1`VP. iz$

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