Báo cáo Logistics - good - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Sen

MISNISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HOA SEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS - MANAGEMENT ------- -  ------
Ho Chi Minh city, June 2023 FINAL REPORT Topic: Transportation Subject: Logistics Subject class: 0100
Instructor guides: Mrs. Phuong Lien Members: No. Student code Full name Contribution 1 22110030 Trịnh Lan Anh 2 22115228 Phan Lê Phúc Thảo 3 22011181 Nguyễn Đan Nhi 4 22108678 Nguyễn Ngọc An Kỳ 5 22114132 Lê Thị Minh Ngọc 6 22012393 Nguyễn Ngọc Đăng Na 7 22007488 Phương Mỹ Khanh TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. General Overview of Transportation..........................................4 1.
Types of transportation.......................................................4 2.
Specifications and Methods................................................8
II. The Main Types of Logistics Services.....................................10
1. Core Freight Logistics Services:..........................................10
2. Related Freight Logistics Services:.....................................11
III. Forms of Logistics Service Provision....................................11
1. First-Party Logistics (1PL):...................................................11
2. Second-Party Logistics (2PL):..............................................12
3. Third-Party Logistics (3PL) or Contract Logistics:.............12
4. Fourth-Party Logistics (4PL) or Supply Chain Logistics:. .12
IV. Overview of Panda Global Logistics VIETNAM.....................13
V. Document goods:......................................................................17
VI . Incoterms.................................................................................33
VII. Conclusion..............................................................................35 DEAR
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Overview of Various Transport Services
1) FCL: Full Container Load - Transportation of full container loads.
2) LCL: Less Than Container Load - Transportation of partial
container loads, typically for smaller shipments.
3) FWD: Forwarder - A company or individual that arranges and
manages shipments for customers.
4) EVFTA: European Union-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement - A trade
agreement between Vietnam and the European Union.
5) USD: United States Dollar - The currency of the United States.
8) D/O: Delivery Order - A document that authorizes the release of goods to the consignee.
10) BL: Bill of Lading - A legal document that provides details about
cargo being shipped and serves as a receipt of shipment.
11) A/N: Arrival Notice - A notification sent to the consignee or
receiver about the arrival of the cargo.
12) Panda: Panda Global Logistics - A logistics company based in Vietnam.
13) SME: Small and Medium Enterprise - Businesses that are not
large corporations and fall within a specific size range.
14) GATS: General Agreement on Trade in Services - A treaty of the
World Trade Organization (WTO) that deals with trade in services.
15) WTO: World Trade Organization - An international organization
that deals with global trade rules and agreements.
I. General Overview of Transportation 1. Types of transportation 1.1 Road transportation
- Road transportation is the activity of using various types of
vehicles (such as cars, motorcycles, bicycles, trucks, buses,
etc.) to move goods or passengers on a road system,
including national highways, provincial roads, city streets, and rural roads.
Advantages of Road Transportation
Disadvantages of Road Transportation
Flexibility: Not limited by fixed routes.
Traffic congestion in urban areas.
Easy access from the starting point to the
Environmental impact with vehicle final destination. emissions.
High frequency with no dependence on fixed
Higher risk of accidents compared to some schedules. other modes.
High frequency with no dependence on fixed
Higher risk of accidents compared to some schedules. other modes.
Adaptability with quick adjustments based
Weight and size limitations for large or on demand. heavy goods.
No need for large infrastructure investment.
Efficiency and safety affected by adverse weather.
Diverse cargo transportation.
Expensive road maintenance costs.
Personalized service, such as door-to-door
Less efficient for long distances compared delivery.
to air or rail transport.
Causes noise pollution, affecting the quality of life. 1.2 Rail transportation.
- Rail transport is also known as train transport. It is a means of
transport, on vehicles which run on tracks (rails or railroads).
Advantages of Rail Transportation
Disadvantages of Rail Transportation
Efficiency: Can carry large quantities of
Limited flexibility with fixed routes and
passengers or goods efficiently. schedules.
Cost-effective in terms of fuel consumption
High initial investment in infrastructure. and maintenance.
Environmentally friendly with lower
Dependence on infrastructure, susceptible
greenhouse gas emissions. to weather disruptions.
Ability to transport bulky goods over long
Slower than air transportation for long- distances. distance travel.
Reliable and safe mode of transportation.
Lower speed compared to road and air transportation.
Contributes to sustainable transportation
Limited accessibility to some areas due to systems. fixed routes. 1.3 Maritime transportation
- Maritime transport refers to the use of vehicles operating on
water, such as ships and boats, to transport passengers and goods.
Advantages of Maritime Transportation
Disadvantages of Maritime Transportation
Cost-effective, reduces risks, ensures traffic
Highly dependent on weather conditions,
stability, and lowers pollution compared to
affecting schedules and safety. road transportation.
Suitable for transporting bulky goods and
Ships typically have slower travel speeds.
facilitating international trade.
Capitalizes on geographical locations and
Goods preservation can be challenging due
seaports, promoting trade and the economy. to rough seas.
Provides essential access to seaports for
Limited to transporting goods to seaports,
requiring additional transportation methods international trade.
to reach final destinations. 1.4 Air transportation.
- Air transportation is a part of the global transportation system
in which goods, passengers, and cargo are moved through the air using airplanes.
Advantages of Air Transportation
Disadvantages of Air Transportation
Speed and Time Efficiency High Costs Global Connectivity Environmental Impact
Convenience and Flexibility
Restrictions on Payload and Space Safety Airport Congestion
Versatility in Applications Weather Dependency
Overcoming Geographic Barriers Security Control
Environmental Impact Mitigation Fierce Competition
Limitations in Transporting Sensitive and Specialized Cargo 1.5
Pipeline transportation.
- Pipeline transportation is a continuous mode of transporting
goods through a tubular system designed to traverse various
terrains from the origin to the destination. These pipelines can
connect international locations, enabling goods to move from one country to another. Aspect Advantages Disadvantages Cost-effectiveness
- Cost-effective for long-
- Costly repairs in case of distance transport malfunctions Safety and security
- Designed with multiple
- Risk of explosions and safety measures fires due to flammable materials Efficiưency - Quick and efficient
- Environmental hazards like
transport of large quantities oil spills Reliability
- Proven track record of
- Large land areas required reliability for pipelines Reliability
- Proven track record of
- Large land areas required reliability for pipelines
2. Specifications and Methods
2.1 20'GP Shipping Container (General Purpose)
- The 20’ container is the most cost efficient way to transport the
goods to yourbuyer. It is known as a ‘Twenty-Footer’ to signify the
overall length of 20 feet. Products are usually packed inside cartons,
then cartons stacked and wrapped onto pallets and loaded inside
the container for transport. A popular way of exporting palletised
cargo is 2 pallets high, 2 pallets wide, 8 pallets deep – 16 pallets total.
2.2 40'GP Shipping Container (General Purpose)
- The 40’ shipping container is the same design as the 20’ container
but justdouble the length. So the overall length is 40 feet and can
hold double the amount of cargo.
2.3 40'HC Shipping Container (High-Cube)
- The 40’ High Cube shipping container is the same overall length as
the40’GP but it is approximately 40cm taller than the GP. This slight
increase in height allows for an extra 10-15% of cargo to be loaded
inside. It alsoallows for some different packing methods which can
fit extra cargootherwise unable to load inside a normal 40’GP container
2.4 LCL Cargo (Less Than Container Load)
- LCL shipping is a shipping method used for smaller cargo when
the overall size of the goods for export isnot big enough to fill a 20’
container. When LCL shipping is used, the goods are still loaded
inside a 20’shipping container and transported the exact same way
but the goods are loaded inside a shared shippingcontainer along
with other party’s cargo to fill the container (a consolidated container).
- The freight cost is charged out depending on the overall product
size or weight, the shipping rate will be charged out per cubic meter
of cargo (m3) or per Metric Tonne (1,000kg) in weight, whichever is greater.
- There are more handling costs involved when shipping LCL cargo
as pallets have to be loaded andunloaded more often, incurring more handling charges. 2.5 Breakbulk Cargo
- Breakbulk Cargo is not a very popular shipping method as it’s
generallyused for oversized cargo that can’t fit inside shipping
containers. Anycargo that exceeds the length, height or weight
restrictions of a 40′container will be shipped by breakbulk cargo.
Cargo is loaded on top of the deck of the vessel and has to be
carefully loaded into place on the top of the deck by crane. Large
machinery, boats and steel are examples of goods that are exported
around the world by Breakbulk Cargo.
- The cargoes carried by maritime transportation come into several
categories, each requiring the usage of specialized ships. The two
main categories are general and bulk cargo. General cargo is
unitized (carried in defined load units), while bulk cargo is loose
(carried in any quantity). General cargo can be sub-divided into three categories:
● Break Bulk. Concerns cargo that is carried in drums, bags,
pallets, or boxes. Such ships are typically geared.
● Neo Bulk. Concerns cargo where each pre-packaged unit is
accountable such as lumber (bundles), paper (rolls), steel, and vehicles.
● Containerized. The growth of container shipping required
creating a new general cargo category where the cargo is
being carried in container load units.
- Bulk cargo can be divided into two categories:
● Liquid bulk. The majority of the liquid bulk carried is
petroleum LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), representing an
emerging segment. Liquid bulk ships are commonly referred to as tankers.
● Dry Bulk. Concerns a wide variety of materials such as coal,
iron ore, grains, bauxite, and sand.
II. The Main Types of Logistics Services
- According to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
of the World Trade Organization (WTO), logistics services are categorized as follows:
1. Core Freight Logistics Services:
● Core logistics services are those that account for a significant
portion of total logistics costs and have a decisive impact on
other logistics services. Core logistics services include:
● Cargo handling services, including lifting and container handling.
● Warehousing services, including operating container yards and inventory handling.
● Customs brokerage services.
● Other support services, such as transportation-related
information management, handling and reprocessing of
damaged goods, and leasing and purchasing of empty containers.
2. Related Freight Logistics Services:
- These services are related to transportation and include: ● Sea transport services.
● Inland waterway transport services.
● Air transport services.
● Rail transport services.
● Road transport services.
● Pipeline transport services.
C. Non-core Freight Logistics Services:
- These services are complementary but non-essential and include:
● Inspection and technical analysis services. ● Postal services.
● Retail trade services, including collection, consolidation,
sorting, distribution, and delivery.
● Other supporting services.
III. Forms of Logistics Service Provision
- The field of logistics encompasses various processes and
stages, which can be classified into four modes of logistics operations:
1. First-Party Logistics (1PL):