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1
Chapter 1:
Linear Equations
1. Supply and Demand analysis
*Demand function: P= aQ + b d
*Supply function: P= aQ + b s
*At equilibrium point: Q = Qd s
Given P = + b (1) aQd
P = cQs + d (2)
At equilibrium point, we have Pe = PD = Ps
Qe d= Qs= Q
*Tax: Find the equilibrium price and quantity if the government imposes a
tax of $t on each good.
=> The new is: Psupply function s t= cQS + d
P = cQ + d + t s S
+ Tax is paid by customer và supplier:
• Customer pay = P (at new equi’ point old equi’ point) P (at )
• Supplier pay = tax – customer pay
Tax revenue tax per unit x (number of goods sold with tax) = Q’
= tax x Q (at new equi point)
*Note: Khi đề cho 2 sn phm vi demand và supply ca mi sn phm thì
PD1 = PS1 P = PD2 S2
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2 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: THỊ THU TRANG
*Sketch the line:
Step 1: l p b ng giá tr (table of values), l y ít nh t 2 giá tr cho m ỗi phương
trình, nên l y 1 giá tr t i equilibrium point (intersection) d nhìn trong đó để
hình và làm các câu k ế tiếp.
Step 2: V hình (chú ý: l t kí hi u Q, P cho x-axis & y-axis, kí hi u S và ần lượ
D cho các ng th m E t i equilibrium đườ ẳng tương ứng đã vẽ, lấy giao điể
point)
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3 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: THỊ THU TRANG
Chapter 2:
Non-Linear Equations
1. Sketch the graph
Parabol: y= ax +bx+c 2
- Step 1: Determine the basic shape.
if a > 0: the graph has a U shape
if a < 0: an inverted U shape
- Step 2: y=0 => x1, x2
- Step 3: nh I (Đỉ 𝑏
2𝑎 ;
4𝑎); ∆= 𝑏2 4𝑎𝑐
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4 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: THỊ THU TRANG
- Step 4: Determine the intercept. This is obtained by substituting x = 0
into the function, which gives y = c.
2. Revenue, cost and profit
Total revenue: TR = PxQ ng doanh thu) (t
Total cost = Fixed costs + total variable costs (t ng chi phí)
TC = FC + TVC = FC + (VC)Q
=> Average cost: AC = 𝑻𝑪
𝑸 = 𝑭𝑪+𝑽𝑪(𝑸)
𝑸 = 𝑭𝑪
𝑸 + VC
Profit = Total revenue total cost
π = TR − TC
o Make a profit of a units: π = a
o Make a loss of a -a units: π =
o Breaks even: π = 0
o Maximise profit: when πmax 𝜋′=0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜋′′<0.
3. Indices and logarithms
- Production function: Q = f(K,L)
- The production function is said to be homogenous if 𝑓 𝐾 𝐿(𝜆𝐾,𝜆𝐿 𝜆)= 𝑛𝑓( , )
• n < 1, the function is said to display decreasing returns to scale.
• n = 1, the function is said to display constant returns to scale.
• n > 1, the function is said to display increasing returns to scale.
- Cobb Douglas production functions: Q = AK L α β → homogeneous of
degree (n= ) α + β α + β
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5 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: THỊ THU TRANG

Preview text:

1 Chapter 1: Linear Equations 1. Supply and Demand analysis *Demand function: P= aQd + b *Supply function: P= aQs + b
*At equilibrium point: Qd = Qs Given P = aQd + b (1) P = cQs + d (2)
At equilibrium point, we have Pe = PD = Ps Qe = Qd= Qs
*Tax: Find the equilibrium price and quantity if the government imposes a tax of $t on each good.
=> The new supply function is: Ps – t= cQS + d Ps = cQS + d + t
+ Tax is paid by customer và supplier:
• Customer pay = P (at new equi’ point) – P (at old equi’ point)
• Supplier pay = tax – customer pay
• Tax revenue = tax per unit x Q’ (number of goods sold with tax)
= tax x Q (at new equi’ point)
*Note: Khi đề cho 2 sản phẩm với demand và supply của mỗi sản phẩm thì PD1 = PS1 và PD2 = PS2
Contact: https://www.facebook.com/thutrang.vu308 Email: vuthithutrang2003@gmail.com
2 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: VŨ THỊ THU TRANG *Sketch the line:
Step 1: lập bảng giá trị (table of values), lấy ít nhất 2 giá trị cho mỗi phương
trình, trong đó nên lấy 1 giá trị tại equilibrium point (intersection) để dễ nhìn
hình và làm các câu kế tiếp.
Step 2: Vẽ hình (chú ý: lần lượt kí hiệu Q, P cho x-axis & y-axis, kí hiệu S và
D cho các đường thẳng tương ứng đã vẽ, lấy giao điểm E tại equilibrium point)
Contact: https://www.facebook.com/thutrang.vu308 Email: vuthithutrang2003@gmail.com
3 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: VŨ THỊ THU TRANG Chapter 2: Non-Linear Equations 1. Sketch the graph Parabol: y= ax2+bx+c
- Step 1: Determine the basic shape.
if a > 0: the graph has a U shape
if a < 0: an inverted U shape - Step 2: y=0 => x1, x2 - Step 3: nh I ( Đỉ −𝑏 2𝑎 ; − ∆
4𝑎); ∆= 𝑏2− 4𝑎𝑐
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4 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: VŨ THỊ THU TRANG
- Step 4: Determine the intercept. This is obtained by substituting x = 0
into the function, which gives y = c. 2. Revenue, cost and profit
Total revenue: TR = PxQ (t ng doanh thu) ổ
Total cost = Fixed costs + total variable costs (t ng chi phí) ổ TC = FC + TVC = FC + (VC)Q
=> Average cost: AC = 𝑻𝑪 𝑸 = 𝑭𝑪+𝑽𝑪 𝑸(𝑸) = 𝑭𝑪 𝑸 + VC
Profit = Total revenue total cost – π = TR − TC
o Make a profit of a units: π = a
o Make a loss of a units: π = -a o Breaks even: π = 0
o Maximise profit: πmax when 𝜋′=0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜋′′<0. 3. Indices and logarithms
- Production function: Q = f(K,L)
- The production function is said to be homogenous if 𝑓(𝜆𝐾,𝜆𝐿)=𝜆𝑛𝑓(𝐾,𝐿)
• n < 1, the function is said to display decreasing returns to scale.
• n = 1, the function is said to display constant returns to scale.
• n > 1, the function is said to display increasing returns to scale.
- Cobb Douglas production functions: Q – = AKαLβ → homogeneous of degree α + β (n= α + β)
Contact: https://www.facebook.com/thutrang.vu308 Email: vuthithutrang2003@gmail.com
5 MATH FOR BUSINESS TA: VŨ THỊ THU TRANG
Contact: https://www.facebook.com/thutrang.vu308 Email: vuthithutrang2003@gmail.com