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Chapter 7- m commerce - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Sen

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Chapter 7- m commerce - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Senà thông tin bổ ích giúp sinh viên tham khảo, ôn luyện và phục vụ nhu cầu học tập của mình cụ thể là có định hướng, ôn tập, nắm vững kiến thức môn học và làm bài tốt trong những bài kiểm tra, bài tiểu luận, bài tập kết thúc học phần, từ đó học tập tốt và có kết quả

Môn: Sàn giao dịch TMĐT (EC 13499) 9 tài liệu

Trường: Đại học Hoa Sen 4.8 K tài liệu

Tác giả:

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UKQPKUYJGTGVQRNCEGVJGCFXGTVKUGOGPV(CEGDQQMJCUHQWTDCUKENQECVKQPUHTQOYJKEJ
VQEJQQUGVJG0GYU(GGFVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOPQTUKFGDCTUGEVKQPQH(CEGDQQMRCIGU
CPFVJGOQDKNG0GYU(GGF#FUECPCNUQDGRNCEGFYKVJKPCRRU
1HZV)HHG3DJH 3RVW$GV 6JG0GYU(GGFKU VJGOQUVRTQOKPGPVRNCEGHQTCFXGT
VKUGOGPVU6JG0GYU(GGFKUVJGEGPVGTQHVJGCEVKQPHQT(CEGDQQMWUGTUCPFYJGTG
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(CEGDQQM WUGTUURGPF OQUVQHVJGKTVKOGDGECWUG VJCV KU YJGTG RQUVU HTQO VJGKT
HTKGPFUCRRGCT2CIG2QUV#FUCRRGCTKPCWUGTU0GYU(GGFCNQPIYKVJCNNQHVJGQVJGT
RQUVUCPFUVCVWUWRFCVGUVJCVPQTOCNN[CRRGCTHTQOHTKGPFU2CIG2QUV#FUJCXGCVKP[
VCIVJCVKPFKECVGUVJCVVJG[CTGURQPUQTGFKGCTGCFXGTVKUGOGPVUDWVQVJGTYKUGNQQM
XGT[UKOKNCTVQ RQUVUHTQOHTKGPFU5QOGVKOGUVJGCFUJCXGCUQEKCNEQPVGZV,QJP
5OKVJCPF ,CPG&QGNKMG2QVVGT[$CTPCPFECPDGNKMGF UJCTGFCPFEQOOGPVGF
QPLWUVNKMGCP[QVJGTRQUV2CIG2QUV#FUECPEQPVCKPVGZVRJQVQUXKFGQCPFNKPMU
6JG[ECPDGWUGFHQTOCP[QHVJGOCTMGVKPIQDLGEVKXGUOGPVKQPGFRTGXKQWUN[UWEJ
CUKPETGCUKPIDTCPFGPICIGOGPVQDVCKPKPI.KMGUHQTVJGDTCPFU(CEGDQQMRCIGCPF
GPEQWTCIKPICRRKPUVCNNUCPFGPICIGOGPV#FXGTVKUGTUECPCNUQKPENWFGC$W[DWVVQP
KP0GYU(GGF2CIG2QUV#FUVJCVCNNQYURGQRNGVQ RWTEJCUGKVGOUYKVJQWVNGCXKPI
(CEGDQQM%QORCPKGURC[VQRTQOQVGQTDQQUV2CIG2QUV#FUKPQTFGTVQGZVGPFVJGKT
TGCEJ6JKUJCUDGEQOGKPETGCUKPIN[KORQTVCPVCU(CEGDQQMJCUTGFWEGFVJGQTICPKE
TGCEJVJCV DTCPFU RTGXKQWUN[ GPLQ[GF HQT HTGG KP CP GHHQTVVQ KPETGCUGCFXGTVKUKPI
TGXGPWGU
5LJKW+DQG&ROXPQ6LGHEDU$GV 6JGUGFKURNC[CFUCTGNQECVGFKPVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOP
QTUKFGDCTQH(CEGDQQMRCIGU6JG[CTGQHVGPWUGFVQFKTGEVWUGTUVQQHH(CEGDQQMEQP
VGPVUWEJCUYGDUKVGNCPFKPIRCIGUCPFEQPVGPVQHHGTU(CEGDQQMJCUTGEGPVN[TGFWEGF
VJGPWODGTQHCFU VJCVCRRGCTKPVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOPUKFGDCT HTQOUGXGPVQVYQ
KPETGCUGFVJGKTUK\GCPFOCFGVJGOEQPUKUVGPVYKVJVJGHQTOCVQH0GYU(GGF2CIG2QUV
#FUKPCPGHHQTVVQGPJCPEGVJGKTRGTHQTOCPEG
)DFHERRN/LYH (CEGDQQMKPVTQFWEGF(CEGDQQM.KXGKVUHTGGXKFGQUVTGCOKPIUGTXKEGKP
5KPEGVJCVVKOGVJGTGJCXGDGGPOQTGVJCPDKNNKQPDTQCFECUVUQPVJGUGTXKEG
9QPI(CEGDQQM.KXGECPDGWUGFVQUVTGCONKXGEQPVGPVVJCVHQNNQYGTUECPKPVGT
CEVYKVJD[EQOOGPVKPINKMKPICPFUJCTKPI6JGXKFGQECPDGUCXGFQPCDTCPFURCIG
CPFHQNNQYGTUECPEQPVKPWGVQKPVGTCEVYKVJKV
9LGHR$GV +P(CEGDQQMDGICPUJQYKPIUGEQPFXKFGQCWVQRNC[CFU5KPEGVJCV
VKOG(CEGDQQMXKFGQCFUJCXGDGEQOGCPKPETGCUKPIN[KORQTVCPVRCTVQH(CEGDQQM
CFXGTVKUKPIUVTCVGI[+PQTFGTVQEQPVKPWGVQITQYKVUCFXGTVKUKPITGXGPWGYKVJQWVQXGT
NQCFKPICPFVWTPKPIQHH WUGTU D[JCXKPIVQQOCP[CFU(CEGDQQMKUPQYHQEWUKPIQP
XKFGQCFUYJKEJEQOOCPFCRTGOKWOCPFVJGTGHQTGIGPGTCVGOQTGTGXGPWG1PGEJCN
NGPIGJCUDGGPVJCVXKFGQCFUCWVQRNC[KPUKNGPVOQFGTGSWKTKPICFXGTVKUGTUVQCFCRV
VJGKTXKFGQHQTVJCVOGFKWO#PQVJGTEJCNNGPIGJCUDGGPVJGKUUWGQHOGVTKEU+P
(CEGDQQMCFOKVVGFVJCVHQTVYQ[GCTUKVJCFDGGPQXGTGUVKOCVKPIVJGCXGTCIGXKGYKPI
VKOGHQTXKFGQCFURQUUKDN[D[DGECWUGKVJCFQPN[DGGPKPENWFKPIXKFGQXKGYU
QHOQTGVJCPVJTGGUGEQPFUKPKVUOGVTKE+P(CEGDQQMCITGGFVQWPFGTIQTGIWNCT
CWFKVUD[VJG/GFKC4CVKPI%QWPEKNCPKPFWUVT[ITQWRVJCVEGTVKHKGUCFOGVTKEUCPFVQ
RTQXKFGOQTGFGVCKNGFFCVCVQKPFGRGPFGPVVJKTFRCTV[OGCUWTGOGPVEQORCPKGUUWEJ
CUJQYOCP[CFUCTGXKGYCDNGJQYNQPICFUCRRGCTQPUETGGPCPFYJGVJGTCWFKQKUQP
HQTVJGCF+PCITQWRQHCFXGTVKUGTUHKNGFCHTCWFENCKOCICKPUV(CEGDQQMCNNGIKPI
VJCVKVMPGYQHVJGKUUWGUYKVJKVU XKFGQ OGVTKEUHQTQXGTC[GCTDGHQTGFKUENQUKPIVJG
RTQDNGO8TCPKEC
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XKEGKPVJG7PKVGF5VCVGUCPFTQNNGFQWVVJGUGTXKEGINQDCNN[KP(CEGDQQM9CVEJ
KPENWFGURTQHGUUKQPCNN[RTQFWEGFQTKIKPCNUJQTVHQTOCPFNQPIHQTOXKFGQNKXGICOG
UJQYUPGYURTQITCOOKPIKPVGTCEVKXGICOGUJQYUCPFOQTG(CEGDQQM9CVEJQHHGTU
CFXGTVKUGTUDQVJRTGTQNNCPFOKFTQNNCFXGTVKUKPIQRVKQPU6JGUGTXKEGQHHGTURGTUQPCN
K\GFTGEQOOGPFCVKQPUCUYGNNCUECVGIQTKGUQHDWPFNGFEQPVGPV
0RELOH$GV (CEGDQQMKPVTQFWEGF(CEGDQQMHQT/QDKNGKP7UGTUECPCNUQCEEGUU
(CEGDQQMWUKPICOQDKNGDTQYUGTCNVJQWIJKVKUUNQYGT+PQXGTQH(CEGDQQMCF
TGXGPWGECOGHTQOKVUOQDKNGCFRNCVHQTOCPFKVKUKVUHCUVGUVITQYKPITGXGPWGUVTGCO
$GECWUGVJGUOCTVRJQPGUETGGPKUOWEJUOCNNGTVJCPTGIWNCTEQORWVGTUETGGPU
VJGTGKUPQTQQOHQTUKFGDCTCFUQPVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOPUQCNNOQDKNGCFUPGGFVQ
DGFKURNC[GFKPVJGWUGTU0GYU(GGF/QDKNGCFUECPKPENWFGOCP[QHVJGCFHQTOCVU
FGUETKDGFRTGXKQWUN[KPENWFKPIXKFGQCFU%TKVKEUEQORNCKPVJCVVJGPWODGTQHCFUKP
VJGOQDKNG0GYU(GGFDGEQOGUFKUVTCEVKPICPFCPPQ[KPI/QDKNGCFUQHVGPVCMGWRVJG
GPVKTGUETGGP6JGTGCNUQKUNGUUVCTIGVKPIQHOQDKNGCFUYJKEJKPETGCUGUVJGNKMGNKJQQF
WUGTUYKNNUGGKTTGNGXCPVCFU5QHCTFGURKVGVJGCPPQ[CPEG(CEGDQQMOQDKNGWUGTUEQP
VKPWGVQUKIPWRCPFXKGY
)DFHERRN0HVVHQJHU +P(CEGDQQMDGICPCNNQYKPIEQORCPKGUVQFGRNQ[EJCVDQVU
QP/GUUGPIGT (CEGDQQMU KPUVCPVOGUUCIKPICRRVQ RTQXKFGCWVQOCVGFEWUVQOGT
UWRRQTVCPF QVJGTGEQOOGTEGUGTXKEGUCPFKPVTQFWEGF5RQPUQTGF/GUUCIGUVJCV
CNNQYEQORCPKGUVQUGPFOGUUCIGUVQEWUVQOGTU YJQJCFRTGXKQWUN[GPICIGFYKVJ
VJGO(CEGDQQMCNUQNCWPEJGFC$W[0QYDWVVQPHQTVJG/GUUGPIGTCRRVJCVGPCDNGU
EWUVQOGTU VQ OCMG RC[OGPVU XKC 5VTKRG QT 2C[RCN VQ EQORCPKGU CFXGTVKUKPI QP
/GUUGPIGTYKVJQWVJCXKPIVQNGCXG/GUUGPIGT+P(CEGDQQMCFFGFFKURNC[CFU
KP(CEGDQQM/GUUGPIGTKPDQZGUCPFKPKPVTQFWEGFCWVQRNC[XKFGQCFUYKVJKP
/GUUGPIGTKPDQZGUCUYGNNCU(CEGDQQM /GUUGPIGT$TQCFECUVUYJKEJCNNQY UOCNN
DWUKPGUUGUVQUGPFVGZVDNCUVU
6CDNGUWOOCTK\GUVJGOCLQTVQQNUWUGFD[OCTMGVGTUVQDWKNFVJGKTDTCPFUQP
(CEGDQQM
6WDUWLQJD)DFHERRN0DUNHWLQJ&DPSDLJQ
2TKQTVQUVCTVKPIC(CEGDQQMOCTMGVKPIECORCKIPVJGTGCTGUQOGDCUKEUVTCVGI[SWGU
VKQPU[QWPGGFVQCFFTGUU9JKNGGXGT[RTQFWEVRTGUWOCDN[EQWNFDGPGHKVHTQOCUQEKCN
OCTMGVKPIECORCKIPJQYKUVJKUVTWGQH[QWTRTQFWEVU!9JQKU[QWTCWFKGPEG!*QY
ECP[QWTGCEJVJGO!*QYJCXGTGCNYQTNFUQEKCNPGVYQTMUDGGPWUGFKPVJGRCUVVQ
UWRRQTVUCNGUKP[QWTKPFWUVT[!%CP[QWDGCVJQWIJVNGCFGT!1PEG[QWJCXGKFGPVK
HKGF[QWTCWFKGPEGYJCVEQPVGPVYKNNIGVVJGOGZEKVGFCPFKPVGTGUVGF!9JGTGCTG[QW
IQKPIVQIGVVJGEQPVGPV!9JCVYKNNKVEQUVCPFYJCVKORCEVFQ[QWGZRGEVKVVQJCXGQP
[QWTDTCPFCPFUCNGU!#VVJKURQKPV[QWFQPQVPGGFCFGVCKNGFDWFIGVDWV[QWUJQWNF
DGCDNGVQFGXGNQRGUVKOCVGUQHVJGEQUVQH UWEJCECORCKIPCUYGNNCUCPVKEKRCVGF
TGXGPWGU
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QPGZRGTKGPEG#V[RKECNOCTMGVKPIECORCKIPHQT(CEGDQQMOKIJVKPENWFGVJGHQNNQYKPI
GNGOGPVU
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CPF/GTTKNN(CEGDQQMECPCNUQETGCVGYJCVKVECNNUCNQQMCNKMGCWFKGPEGDCUGFQP
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CHVGTVJG%CODTKFIG#PCN[VKECUECPFCN(seethe+PUKIJVQP5QEKGV[ECUG(CEGDQQMCPFVJG
#IGQH2TKXCE[KP%JCRVGT(CEGDQQMKPVTQFWEGFC%WUVQO#WFKGPEGUEGTVKHKECVKQPVQQN
VJCVTGSWKTGUOCTMGVGTUVQIWCTCPVGGVJCVGOCKNCFFTGUUGUWUGFHQTCFVCTIGVKPIYGTG
QDVCKPGFYKVJWUGTEQPUGPV%QPUVKPG
1PEGVJGOCTMGVKPIQDLGEVKXGUCPFCWFKGPEGJCXGDGGPFGVGTOKPGFVJGPGZVFGEK
UKQPKUYJGTGVQRNCEGVJGCFXGTVKUGOGPV(CEGDQQMJCUHQWTDCUKENQECVKQPUHTQOYJKEJ
VQEJQQUGVJG0GYU(GGFVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOPQTUKFGDCTUGEVKQPQH(CEGDQQMRCIGU
CPFVJGOQDKNG0GYU(GGF#FUECPCNUQDGRNCEGFYKVJKPCRRU
1HZV)HHG 3DJH 3RVW$GV 6JG0GYU(GGFKUVJGOQUVRTQOKPGPVRNCEGHQTCFXGT
VKUGOGPVU6JG0GYU(GGFKUVJGEGPVGTQHVJGCEVKQPHQT(CEGDQQMWUGTUCPFYJGTG 
6 R F L D O  0 D U N H W L Q J   
(CEGDQQM WUGTU URGPF OQUV QH VJGKT VKOG DGECWUG VJCV KU YJGTG RQUVU HTQO VJGKT
HTKGPFUCRRGCT2CIG2QUV#FUCRRGCTKPCWUGTU0GYU(GGFCNQPIYKVJCNNQHVJGQVJGT
RQUVUCPFUVCVWUWRFCVGUVJCVPQTOCNN[CRRGCTHTQOHTKGPFU2CIG2QUV#FUJCXGCVKP[
VCIVJCVKPFKECVGUVJCVVJG[CTGURQPUQTGFKGCTGCFXGTVKUGOGPVUDWVQVJGTYKUGNQQM
XGT[UKOKNCTVQRQUVUHTQOHTKGPFU5QOGVKOGUVJGCFUJCXGCUQEKCNEQPVGZV,QJP
5OKVJCPF,CPG&QGNKMG2QVVGT[$CTPCPFECPDGNKMGFUJCTGFCPFEQOOGPVGF
QPLWUVNKMGCP[QVJGTRQUV2CIG2QUV#FUECPEQPVCKPVGZVRJQVQUXKFGQCPFNKPMU
6JG[ECPDGWUGFHQTOCP[QHVJGOCTMGVKPIQDLGEVKXGUOGPVKQPGFRTGXKQWUN[UWEJ
CUKPETGCUKPIDTCPFGPICIGOGPVQDVCKPKPI.KMGUHQTVJGDTCPFU(CEGDQQMRCIGCPF
GPEQWTCIKPICRRKPUVCNNUCPFGPICIGOGPV#FXGTVKUGTUECPCNUQKPENWFGC$W[DWVVQP
KP0GYU(GGF2CIG2QUV#FUVJCVCNNQYURGQRNGVQ RWTEJCUGKVGOUYKVJQWVNGCXKPI
(CEGDQQM%QORCPKGURC[VQRTQOQVGQTDQQUV2CIG2QUV#FUKPQTFGTVQGZVGPFVJGKT
TGCEJ6JKUJCUDGEQOGKPETGCUKPIN[KORQTVCPVCU(CEGDQQMJCUTGFWEGFVJGQTICPKE
TGCEJVJCV DTCPFU RTGXKQWUN[ GPLQ[GFHQT HTGG KP CP GHHQTVVQ KPETGCUGCFXGTVKUKPI TGXGPWGU
5LJKW+DQG&ROXPQ6LGHEDU$GV 6JGUGFKURNC[CFUCTGNQECVGFKPVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOP
QTUKFGDCTQH(CEGDQQMRCIGU6JG[CTGQHVGPWUGFVQFKTGEVWUGTUVQQHH(CEGDQQMEQP
VGPVUWEJCUYGDUKVGNCPFKPIRCIGUCPFEQPVGPVQHHGTU(CEGDQQMJCUTGEGPVN[TGFWEGF
VJGPWODGTQHCFUVJCVCRRGCTKPVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOPUKFGDCTHTQOUGXGPVQVYQ
KPETGCUGFVJGKTUK\GCPFOCFGVJGOEQPUKUVGPVYKVJVJGHQTOCVQH0GYU(GGF2CIG2QUV
#FUKPCPGHHQTVVQGPJCPEGVJGKTRGTHQTOCPEG
)DFHERRN/LYH (CEGDQQMKPVTQFWEGF(CEGDQQM.KXGKVUHTGGXKFGQUVTGCOKPIUGTXKEGKP
5KPEGVJCVVKOGVJGTGJCXGDGGPOQTGVJCPDKNNKQPDTQCFECUVUQPVJGUGTXKEG
9QPI(CEGDQQM.KXGECPDGWUGFVQUVTGCONKXGEQPVGPVVJCVHQNNQYGTUECPKPVGT
CEVYKVJD[EQOOGPVKPINKMKPICPFUJCTKPI6JGXKFGQECPDGUCXGFQPCDTCPFURCIG
CPFHQNNQYGTUECPEQPVKPWGVQKPVGTCEVYKVJKV
9LGHR$GV +P(CEGDQQMDGICPUJQYKPIUGEQPFXKFGQCWVQRNC[CFU5KPEGVJCV
VKOG(CEGDQQMXKFGQCFUJCXGDGEQOGCPKPETGCUKPIN[KORQTVCPVRCTVQH(CEGDQQM
CFXGTVKUKPIUVTCVGI[+PQTFGTVQEQPVKPWGVQITQYKVUCFXGTVKUKPITGXGPWGYKVJQWVQXGT
NQCFKPICPFVWTPKPIQHHWUGTUD[JCXKPIVQQOCP[CFU(CEGDQQMKUPQYHQEWUKPIQP
XKFGQCFUYJKEJEQOOCPFCRTGOKWOCPFVJGTGHQTGIGPGTCVGOQTGTGXGPWG1PGEJCN
NGPIGJCUDGGPVJCVXKFGQCFUCWVQRNC[KPUKNGPVOQFGTGSWKTKPICFXGTVKUGTUVQCFCRV
VJGKTXKFGQHQTVJCVOGFKWO#PQVJGTEJCNNGPIGJCUDGGPVJGKUUWGQHOGVTKEU+P
(CEGDQQMCFOKVVGFVJCVHQTVYQ[GCTUKVJCFDGGPQXGTGUVKOCVKPIVJGCXGTCIGXKGYKPI
VKOGHQTXKFGQCFURQUUKDN[D[DGECWUGKVJCFQPN[DGGPKPENWFKPIXKFGQXKGYU
QHOQTGVJCPVJTGGUGEQPFUKPKVUOGVTKE+P(CEGDQQMCITGGFVQWPFGTIQTGIWNCT
CWFKVUD[VJG/GFKC4CVKPI%QWPEKNCPKPFWUVT[ITQWRVJCVEGTVKHKGUCFOGVTKEUCPFVQ
RTQXKFGOQTGFGVCKNGFFCVCVQKPFGRGPFGPVVJKTFRCTV[OGCUWTGOGPVEQORCPKGUUWEJ
CUJQYOCP[CFUCTGXKGYCDNGJQYNQPICFUCRRGCTQPUETGGPCPFYJGVJGTCWFKQKUQP
HQTVJGCF+PCITQWRQHCFXGTVKUGTUHKNGFCHTCWFENCKOCICKPUV(CEGDQQMCNNGIKPI
VJCVKVMPGYQHVJGKUUWGUYKVJKVU XKFGQOGVTKEUHQTQXGTC[GCTDGHQTGFKUENQUKPIVJG
RTQDNGO8TCPKEC 
 & + $ 3 7 ( 5    6 R F L D O   0 R E L O H   D Q G  / R F D O  0 D U N H W L Q J
)DFHERRN:DWFK +P(CEGDQQMNCWPEJGF(CEGDQQM9CVEJCXKFGQQPFGOCPFUGT
XKEGKPVJG7PKVGF5VCVGUCPFTQNNGFQWVVJGUGTXKEGINQDCNN[KP(CEGDQQM9CVEJ
KPENWFGURTQHGUUKQPCNN[RTQFWEGFQTKIKPCNUJQTVHQTOCPFNQPIHQTOXKFGQNKXGICOG
UJQYUPGYURTQITCOOKPIKPVGTCEVKXGICOGUJQYUCPFOQTG(CEGDQQM9CVEJQHHGTU
CFXGTVKUGTUDQVJRTGTQNNCPFOKFTQNNCFXGTVKUKPIQRVKQPU6JGUGTXKEGQHHGTURGTUQPCN
K\GFTGEQOOGPFCVKQPUCUYGNNCUECVGIQTKGUQHDWPFNGFEQPVGPV
0RELOH$GV (CEGDQQMKPVTQFWEGF(CEGDQQMHQT/QDKNGKP7UGTUECPCNUQCEEGUU
(CEGDQQMWUKPICOQDKNGDTQYUGTCNVJQWIJKVKUUNQYGT+PQXGTQH(CEGDQQMCF
TGXGPWGECOGHTQOKVUOQDKNGCFRNCVHQTOCPFKVKUKVUHCUVGUVITQYKPITGXGPWGUVTGCO
$GECWUGVJGUOCTVRJQPGUETGGPKUOWEJUOCNNGTVJCPTGIWNCTEQORWVGTUETGGPU
VJGTGKUPQTQQOHQTUKFGDCTCFUQPVJGTKIJVJCPFEQNWOPUQCNNOQDKNGCFUPGGFVQ
DGFKURNC[GFKPVJGWUGTU0GYU(GGF/QDKNGCFUECPKPENWFGOCP[QHVJGCFHQTOCVU
FGUETKDGFRTGXKQWUN[KPENWFKPIXKFGQCFU%TKVKEUEQORNCKPVJCVVJGPWODGTQHCFUKP
VJGOQDKNG0GYU(GGFDGEQOGUFKUVTCEVKPICPFCPPQ[KPI/QDKNGCFUQHVGPVCMGWRVJG
GPVKTGUETGGP6JGTGCNUQKUNGUUVCTIGVKPIQHOQDKNGCFUYJKEJKPETGCUGUVJGNKMGNKJQQF
WUGTUYKNNUGGKTTGNGXCPVCFU5QHCTFGURKVGVJGCPPQ[CPEG(CEGDQQMOQDKNGWUGTUEQP
VKPWGVQUKIPWRCPFXKGY
)DFHERRN0HVVHQJHU +P(CEGDQQMDGICPCNNQYKPIEQORCPKGUVQFGRNQ[EJCVDQVU
QP/GUUGPIGT (CEGDQQMUKPUVCPVOGUUCIKPICRRVQRTQXKFGCWVQOCVGFEWUVQOGT
UWRRQTVCPF QVJGTGEQOOGTEGUGTXKEGU CPFKPVTQFWEGF5RQPUQTGF/GUUCIGU VJCV
CNNQYEQORCPKGUVQUGPFOGUUCIGUVQEWUVQOGTU YJQJCFRTGXKQWUN[GPICIGFYKVJ
VJGO(CEGDQQMCNUQNCWPEJGFC$W[0QYDWVVQPHQTVJG/GUUGPIGTCRRVJCVGPCDNGU
EWUVQOGTU VQ OCMG RC[OGPVU XKC 5VTKRG QT 2C[RCN VQ EQORCPKGU CFXGTVKUKPI QP
/GUUGPIGTYKVJQWVJCXKPIVQNGCXG/GUUGPIGT+P(CEGDQQMCFFGFFKURNC[CFU
KP(CEGDQQM/GUUGPIGTKPDQZGUCPFKPKPVTQFWEGFCWVQRNC[XKFGQCFUYKVJKP
/GUUGPIGTKPDQZGUCUYGNNCU(CEGDQQM /GUUGPIGT$TQCFECUVUYJKEJCNNQYUOCNN
DWUKPGUUGUVQUGPFVGZVDNCUVU
6CDNGUWOOCTK\GUVJGOCLQTVQQNUWUGFD[OCTMGVGTUVQDWKNFVJGKTDTCPFUQP (CEGDQQM
6WDUWLQJD)DFHERRN0DUNHWLQJ&DPSDLJQ
2TKQTVQUVCTVKPIC(CEGDQQMOCTMGVKPIECORCKIPVJGTGCTGUQOGDCUKEUVTCVGI[SWGU
VKQPU[QWPGGFVQCFFTGUU9JKNGGXGT[RTQFWEVRTGUWOCDN[EQWNFDGPGHKVHTQOCUQEKCN
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