CHAPTER 1 : PRONUNCIATIONS  C Ơ SỞ LÝ THUY T Ế Cách phát âm IPA hay B n ả g ký hiệu ng ữ âm qu c ố tế là h ệ th n ố g các ký hi u ệ ng ữ âm đ c ượ các nhà ngôn ngữ h c ọ tạo ra và s ử d n ụ g nh m ằ th ể hi n ệ các âm ti t ế trong m i ọ ngôn ng ữ c a ủ nhân lo i ạ m t ộ cách chu n ẩ xác và riêng bi t ệ . Nguyên âm Nguyên âm đ n ơ đôi Monophthons Diphthongs i: ɪ ʊ u: ɪə eɪ bee ship put shoot clear gate M Â N ls e ə : ɜ : ɔ ʊə ɔɪ əʊ Ê Y we bed better bird door tour boy note U o G V N æ ʌ : ɑ ɒ eə aɪ aʊ cat fun car on bear smile how p b t d t∫ dʒ k g pet bed tea dog cheap July key get ts M an f v θ ð s z ∫ ʒ Â n Ụ so fan vase think this see zoo sheep vision n PH o C m n η h l r w j man nose bank hat lemo red wet yes n Các nguyên âm và ph ụ âm ti n ế g Anh có m t ộ s ố cách phát âm nh t ấ đ n ị h. Sau đây là m t ộ s ố cách phát âm thông th n ườ g c a ủ m t ộ s ố ch ữ cái ti n ế g Anh. I.Nguyên âm đ n ơ :
o Quy tắc phát âm các ch
ữ cái nguyên âm đ n ơ trong ti n ế g Anh Ch ữ cái Phát Ví dụ âm /æ/ fan, national /e / ɪ take, nature / : ɔ / fail, altogether a / / ɒ want, quality /e/ many, any / / ɪ message / / ə afraid, familiar / : ɑ / after, class /i:/ fever, gene e /e/ educate, flexible / / ɪ explore, security
Page 1 CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM / / ə interest, chicken / / ɒ floppy, bottle / / ʌ son, wonder o / / əʊ post, almost / / ə computer, purpose /wʌ/ one, once /ʌ/ cut, fungus /ju/ human, university u /ʊ/ push /u:/ include / / ə success / / ɪ fit, slippery i /a / ɪ strive, sacrifice / / ə terrible, principle /i/ therapy, worry y /a / ɪ shy, multiply II.Nguyên âm đôi
o Quy tắc phát âm các ch
ữ cái nguyên âm đôi trong ti n ế g Anh. /e / ɪ gain, entertain ai /eə/ fair, armchair ay /e / ɪ stay, betray au / : ɔ / naughty, audience aw / : ɔ / awful, lawn /i:/ beat, measles ea /e / ɪ great, break /e/ health, feather /e / ɪ weight, eighty ei /i:/ ceiling, deceive /a / ɪ height /e / ɪ hey, convey ey /i:/ key ee /i:/ cheese, kneel /i:/ piece, relieve /a / ɪ lie, tie
Page 2 CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM / / ə ancient, proficient ie /a / ɪə society, quiet / / əʊ load, coast oa / : ɔ / abroad, broaden /u:/ tool, goose oo /ʊ/ book, foot /ʌ/ flood, blood /aʊ/ mouse, account / / əʊ soul, shoulder /ʌ/ couple, trouble ou /u:/ group, souvenir /ʊ/ could, would / / ə famous, marvelous /aʊ/ cow, brown ow / / əʊ throw, yellow oi / / ɔɪ voice, join oy / / ɔɪ joy, boy oe / / əʊ toe, foe ui / / ɪ build, guitar uy /a / ɪ buy, guy ew /ju:/ new, dew L u ư ý: o Nh n ữ g quy t c ắ trên ch ỉlà nh n ữ g cách đ c ọ ph ổ bi n ế , ngoài ra có nh n ữ g tr n ườ g h p ợ ngo i ạ l . ệ Khi ch a ư ch c ắ chắn, chúng ta ph i ả tra t ừ đi n ể và ghi nh ớ cách phát âm t n ừ g t ừ cho chính xác. III.Ph ụ âm:
o Quy tắc phát âm các ch ữ cái ph ụ âm trong ti n ế g Anh. /k/ close, confident c /s/ certify, cycle /∫/ special, ocean /d/ dramatic, demand d / gradual, educate d / ʒ /g/ guess, regular g / germ, origin d / ʒ
Page 3 CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM / / ʒ beige, garage /n/ neck, fun n / / η uncle, drink /s/ secret, optimist /z/ s rose, resume /∫/ sugar, ensure / / ʒ usually, occasion /t/ tutor, pretence t /∫/ option, initial /t∫/ culture, question / exist, exhibit x gz/ / box, mixture ks/ / anxious, luxury k∫/ qu / Queue, require kw/ /k/ chemist, mechanic ch /t∫/ check, bunch /∫/ machine, parachute sh /∫/ shock, smash / / θ theme, depth th /ð/ thus, feather gh /f/ rough, laughter ph /f/ photo, paragraph IV.Quy t c
ắ phát âm đuôi “-s/es” và đuôi “-ed”.
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM ĐUÔI “ –ED” CUỐI Quy tắc ( D a ự vào phát âm ch ứ không ph i ả ch ữ cu i ố ) t ,d : tình đ u ầ Ex: wanted , ended Ngo i ạ l :
ệ Đuôi “ed” trong các tính t ừ sau đ c ượ đ c ọ là /id/ /id/ naked aged learned wicked
dogged blessed beloved crooked
K , SS , X, CH , F , CE , P , GH , SH /t/ ( Khúc sông x a ư chuy n ế phà c ủ ph i ả ghé sang )
Ex: worked , kissed, faxed , watched, laughed , faced , helped , roughed, washed
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=> s4hoặc -ss4thì luôn đúng,4nhưng4-se4có th ể đ c ọ /t/ ho c ặ /d/ tùy theo t . ừ
b , g , l, m , n, r, v, y, I, e….. /d/
Ex: played , loved , happened…..
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –S /ES” CUỐI : Quy tắc Th i ờ phong ki n ế ph n ươ g tây /s/
Ex: cloths, beliefs, books , cups , cats Chúng x ổ s ố z i ớ sh sẽ ce ge /iz/
Ex: watches, boxes, buses, buzzes crashes, focuses , resources , bridges /z/
Ex: robs, bags, pools, costumes, begins , floors , leaves M
ỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC  Khi g p ặ g c ạ h d i ướ ch ữ S : - Bình th n ườ g ch
ữ s phát âm là /s/, nh n ư g có nh n ữ g ngo i ạ l ệ cần nhớ là : s đ c ọ /z/ các ch ữ sau:
busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison.. - Ch
ữ s đọc / ʃ /4: sugar, sure  Đ i ố v i ớ ch ữ CH
- CH đọc /t/ là bình th n ườ g - CH đ c ọ : /k/ g m
ồ các chữ sau: chemist, ache, Christmas, mechanic, architect, character … - CH đ c
ọ là / ʃ /4: machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade ,...  Đ i ố v i ớ ch ữ H - các ch
ữ H sau đây là h câmV: hour, honor, honest, vehicle, (và các gia đình t ừ c a ủ ch ữ này)  Đ i
ố chữ GHV: - Bình th n ườ g đ c ọ là /f/  Đ i ố v i ớ âm /u/ và /u:/ - /u/ g m
ồ : put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book.... - /u:/ g m
ồ : food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe,.....
 Silent consanant (âm câm) "B"câm khi đ n ứ g sau "M" ho c ặ đ n ứ g tr c
ứơ "T": bomb, climb, comb, tomb, doubt, subtle, debt.... (Chú ý: có t ừ không tuân theo quy t c ắ này: timber...)
"H" sau đây là h câm: hour, honor, honest . "K" câm khi đ n ứ g tr c ướ "N": know, knife, knob. "N" câm khi đ n
ứ g sau "M": autumn, column, hymn, condemn.
"P" câm: cupboard, receipt, psychology,... "W" câm: sword
"T" câm: Listen , often , fasten, ballet, …  BÀI T P Ậ ÁP DỤNG.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 1. A. listens B. reviews C. protects D. enjoys Question 2. A. kissed B. washed C. advertised D. slipped Question 3. A. express B. exciting C. expensive D. exhibition
Question 4. A. exhaust B. exam C. exact D. excellent
Page 5 CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM Question 5. A. enjoyed B. ironed C. picked D. served Question 6. A. buttons B. books C. begs D. cans Question 7. A. derived B. required C. blamed D. coughed Question 8. A. extended B. skipped C. looked D. watched Question 9. A. priority B. habitat C. protection D. essential
Question 10. A. marvelous B. assistance C. armchair D. argument Question 11. A. change B. champagne C. channel D. choice Question 12. A. cities B. areas C. envelops D. days Question 13. A. begged B. dogged C. buttoned D. blamed
Question 14. A. approached B. sacrificed C. unwrapped D. obliged Question 15. A. laughs B. mouths C. slopes D. presidents
Question 16. A. finished B. promised C. escaped D. followed Question 17. A. gossip B. gentle C. gamble D. garage Question 18. A. expands B. installs C. swallows D. rejects Question 19. A. expands B. travels C. appoints D. animals
Question 20. A. promised B. conserved C. destroyed D. proposed Question 21. A. clear B. treasure C. spread D. dread Question 22. A. ocean B. commercial C. necessary D. technician Question 23 A. houses B. clothes C. matches D. stages Question 24. A. bother B. worthy C. weather D. wealthy Question 25. A. area B. arrange C. arrive D. arise Question 26. A. reduced B. caused C. damaged D. preserved Question 27. A. cooked B. ploughed C. stopped D. finished Question 28. A. take B. name C. eight D. back Question 29. A. about B. shout C. wounded D. count Question 30. A. houses B. brashes C. hates D. places Question 31. A. kites B. hopes C. balls D. kicks Question 32. A. hire B. hour C. hair D. hi Question 33. A. hear B. pear C. clear D. near
Question 34. A. attacked B. stopped C. decided D. searched
Question 35. A. possesses B. brushes C. watches D. indicates Question 36. A. derived B. faced C. inclined D. hired Question 37. A. values B. accelerates C. responsibilities D. waves
Question 38. A. supported B. mended C. dressed D. attracted Question 39. A. major B. native C. sailor D. applicant Question 40. A. circles B. symptoms C. areas D. complaints Question 41. A. land B. sandy C. many D. candy Question 42. A. lunch B. kitchen C. technology D. purchase Question 43. A. matched B. worked C. cleaned D. stepped Question 44. A. visits B. destroys C. believes D. depends
Page 6 CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM Question 45. A. floor B. door C. noodle D. board Question 46. A. around B. south C. souvenir D. thousand Question 47. A. talked B. naked C. liked D. asked Question 48. A. cursed B. ragged C. sacred D. compiled Question 49. A. amount B. countable C. country D. around
Question 50. A. approached B. enforced C. composed D. embraced Question 51. A. Presses B. precedes C. judges D. catches
Question52. A. Refreshment B. effective C. residential D. enthusiastic Question 53. A. Blamed B. approached C. secured D. installed Question 54. A. Needed B. laughed C. tempted D. wanted Question 55. A. Deepen B. beaten C. canteen D. leather Question 56. A. Listens B. reviews C. protects D. enjoys Question 57. A. Music B. refusal C. studying D. human Question 58. A. Vehicle B. hospital C. honest D. heir
Question 59. A. Question B. minute C. disruptive D. suitable Question 60. A. systems B. interviews C. letters D. interests Question 61. A. Digests B. defends C. threatens D. swallows Question 62. A. Doubt B. found C. touch D. foul
Question 63. A. Attempts B. conserves C. obeys D. studies
Question 64. A. Vacation B. nation C. question D. exhibition Question 65. A. Crashed B. killed C. cured D. waved Question 66. A. Laugh B. high C. thought D. eight Question 67. A. Enjoyed B. loved C. joined D. helped Question 68. A. Houses B. services C. passages D. techniques
Question 69. A. Advanced B. surprised C. orphaned D. weighed
Question 70. A. Thereupon B. thrill C. through D. throne Question 71. A. Days B. speaks C. dates D. kits
Question 72. A. Involved B. organized C. impressed D. carried
Question 73. A. disappointed B. interviewed C. recorded D. graduated
Question 74. A. Technology B. chores C. exchange D. choice Question 75. A. country B. counter C. amount D. around Question 76. A. Loves B. spends C. cooks D. songs Question 77. A. Replied B. required C. advanced D. achieved Question 78. A. Mended B. faced C. objected D. waited Question 79. A. Buses B. charges C. lorries D. bushes
Question 80. A. programs B. individuals C. subjects D. celebrations
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