Chuyên đề vectơ và các phép toán Toán 10 Kết Nối Tri Thức Với Cuộc Sống – Diệp Tuân

Tài liệu gồm 209 trang, được biên soạn bởi thầy giáo Diệp Tuân, tổng hợp lý thuyết SGK, phân dạng, bài tập minh họa và câu hỏi trắc nghiệm chuyên đề vectơ và các phép toán theo chương trình Toán 10 Kết Nối Tri Thức Với Cuộc Sống chương 4.

MC LC
CHƯƠNG IV. VECTƠ VÀ CÁC PHÉP TOÁN 1
1. ĐỊNH NGHĨA VECTƠ
A. Lý thuyết……………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
B. Phân dng, bài tp minh ha và câu hi trc nghim…………………………………………… 2
Dng 1. Xác định một vectơ, phương, hướng, đ dài……………………………………………. 3
Dng 2. Chứng minh hai vectơ bằng nhau……………………...……………………………………..8
2. TNG, HIU CỦA HAI VECTƠ
A. Lý thuyết……………………………………………………………………………………………………….....18
B. Phân dng, bài tp minh ha và câu hi trc nghim………….……………………………….19
Dng 1. Xác định độ dài tng, hiu của hai vec tơ…..……………………….…………………...19
Dng 2. Chng minh đẳng thức vectơ………...………….…………………………………..……….28
Dng 3. Bài toán thc tế-ng dng Vật Lý…….……….…………………………………..……….45
3. TÍCH CA MỘT VECTƠ VỚI MT S
A. Lý thuyết………………………………………………………………………………………………………….48
B. Phân dng, bài tp minh ha và câu hi trc nghim……………………………….………….50
Dng 1. Dựng và tính đ dài vectơ chứa tích một vectơ.……………..……………………….50
Dng 2. Chứng minh đng thức vectơ…………………………………………………….…..………57
Dng 3. Xác định v trí điểm
M
thỏa mãn đẳng thức vectơ…………..……………………...70
Dng 4. Phân tích một vectơ theo hai vectơ không cùng phương……………….…..…….79
Dng 5. Chứng minh hai điểm trùng nhau, hai tam giác có cùng trọng tâm.……….…90
Dng 6. Tìm tp hợp điểm thỏa mãn điều kiện vectơ cho trước……………….……….…96
Dng 7. Xác định tính cht ca hình khi biết một đng thức vectơ……………………..101
Dng 8. Chng minh bt đẳng thc và tìm cc tr liên quan đến đ dài vectơ…....105
4. TRC TỌA ĐỘ VÀ H TRC TỌA ĐỘ
A. Lý thuyết………………………………………………………………………………………………………..108
B. Phân dng, bài tp minh ha và câu hi trc nghim…………………………….…………..112
Dng 1. Tìm tọa độ một điểm, vectơ và độ dài đại s ca một vectơ trên
( )
,Oi
…...112
Dng 2. Tìm tọa độ một điểm, vectơ trên
( )
Oxy
……………………………..……….….……..115
Dng 3. Tính tọa độ ca mt tng, hiu và tích của điểm của vectơ trên
( )
Oxy
.…..120
Dng 4. Tính tọa độ các điểm ca mt hình trên
( )
Oxy
………………………………….…..127
Dng 5. S cùng phương của hai vectơ trên
( )
Oxy
……………………………………….……137
5. TÍCH VÔ HƯỚNG CA HAI VÉCTƠ 146
A. Lý thuyết………………………………………………………………………………………………………..146
B. Phân dng, bài tp minh ha và câu hi trc nghim…………………………….………..148
Dng 1. Xác định góc ca hai vectơ ………………………………………………………………...148
Dng 2. Biu thc tọa độ ca tích vô hướng ...……………………………..……….….…….153
Dng 3. Xác định biu thc ca tích vô hướng, góc ca hai véctơ…………………..…..171
Dng 4. Tìm tp hp đim tha mãn đẳng thc ca tích vô hưng, tính đội..183
Dng 5. Chng minh các đng thc ca tích vô hướng……………………..……………….193
Dng 6. Điu kin để hai véctơ vuông góc …………………...………………..………………201
Dng 7. Tìm giá tr ln nht và nh nht……………………...………………..………………204
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C TƠ VÀ CÁC PHÉP TOÁN
1. Vectơ
đoạn thẳng hướng, nghĩa trong hai đim
mút của đoạn thẳng đã chỉ điểm nào điểm đầu, đim
nào là điểm cui.
Vectơ điểm đu (gc)
A
, điểm cui (ngn)
B
ta
kí hiu :
AB
ng t gốc đến ngn gọi là hướng của véctơ.
Độ dài đoạn thng
AB
gọi độ dài véc
AB
, hiu
AB
. Vy
AB AB=
.
Ví dụ 1. ở hình vẽ bên thì vectơ
AB
Đim gc
A
.
Đim ngn là
B
.
Phương (giá) là đường thng
.AB
ng t
A
đến
.B
Độ dài ( môđun) là
.AB
2. Nhn xét: Vectơ còn được kí hiu là:
, , , ,...a b x y
Vectơ – không, kí hiu
0 ...AA BB FF==
là vectơ có :
Điểm đầu đim cui trùng nhau.
Độ dài bng
0.
ng bt k
AB
CD
QP
MN
AB
CD
AB CD
, , ,A B C D
AB
CD
EF
HG
A
B
§BI 1. ĐỊNH NGHĨA VÉC TƠ VÀ TNG HIU HAI VÉC TƠ
2
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Hai vectơ được gi là bng nhau nếu chúng cùng
ớng và cùng độ dài.
Kí hiu:
,AB DC cung huong
AB DC
AB DC
=
=
Véc tơ
0
cùng hướng vi mọi véc tơ và có độ ln bng
0
.
Hai vectơ được gi là đối nhau nếu chúng ngược
ớng và cùng độ dài.
Kí hiu:
,AB CD nguochuong
AB CD
AB CD
=
=
A
.B
A
B
AB
BA
n
( )
1nn
ABCD
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ABC
,,M N P
,,BC CA AB
MN
AB
NP
,AB
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B
D
C
A
B
D
A
C
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ABCD
O
a
M
AB
N
C
D
MD
MN
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,,A B C
,AB AC
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
O
, , , ,A B C D O
AB
.OB
OB
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,,A B C
AB
AC
AB
AC
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, , ,A B C D
=AB BC
,,.A B C
=AB DC
, , ,A B C D
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ABCD
O
=AB BC
=AB DC
=−OA OC
=OB OA
=AB BC
2 =OA BD
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ABCDEF
O
AB
OC
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ABCD
a
O
, , , , +AB AC OA OM OA OB
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ABC
a
G
I
AG
,,AB AG BI
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,AB
=MA MB
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D
E
.DE
.DE
.ED
.DE
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ABC
, , ?A B C
3.
6.
4.
9.
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ABCD
4.
6.
8.
12.
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A
B
AB
AB
BA
AB
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0
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A
B
C
A
B
C
3
4
5
6
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0
0
0AA =
0AB
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, , A B C
, , A B C
AB
.AC
, , A B C
,M
MA
.AB
, , A B C
,M
MA
.AB
, , A B C
.AB AC=
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,MN
,AB AC
ABC
MN
.CB
AB
.MB
MA
.MB
AN
.CA
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ABCDEF
O
OC
4.
6.
7.
9.
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ABCD
=AB DC
=AD BC
ABCD
, , ,M N P Q
, , ,AB BC CD DA
=MN QP
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ABC
G
I
BC
'B
' =B B AG
=BI IC
J
'BB
=BJ IG
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ABCD
,DC AB
,MN
=DM BN
P
,AM DB
Q
,CN DB
=AM NC
=DP QB
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ABCD
, , ,M N P Q
, , ,AB BC CD DA
=MQ NP
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ABCD
,MN
,DC AB
P
,AM DB
Q
,CN DB
=DM NB
=DP QB
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ABCD
AB
CD
2=AB CD
=CI DA
=AD IC
=DI CB
==AI IB DC
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ABC
H
O
B
B
O
'=AH B C
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DE
ED
.ED
.ED
.ED
.ED
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0.AA =
0
0.AB
0
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C
AB
.CA CB=
AB
AC
AB
CB
.AB BC=
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ABCD
AB CD=
ABCD
ABDC
AD
BC
.AB CD=
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AB CD=
AB
.CD
AB
.CD
.AB CD=
ABCD
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O
ABCD
.AB DC=
.OB DO=
.OA OC=
.CB DA=
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A
B
C
D
NA MA=
NM
AB CD=
ABDC
0AB =
AB
AB
CD
0AB CD+=
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M
N
P
N
M
P
MP
PN
MN
PN
NM
NP
MN
MP
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.ABCD
, , , M N P Q
,AB
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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18
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
1) Định nghĩa. Cho hai vectơ
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19
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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23
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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24
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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25
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABCD
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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40
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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41
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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42
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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43
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
M
MB MC AB
.M
M
.AC
M
.AB
M
.BC
M
.ABCM
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABC
M
0MA MB MC
MABC
.AM AB AC
.BA BC BM
.MA BC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABC
M
26MA MB MA MB
M
I
2R AB
I
AB
2IA IB
M
BC
M
I
2R AC
I
AB
2IA IB
M
AB
BC
45
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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1
F
2
F
O
0
60
1
F
2
F
100N
100N
100 3N
50N
50 3N
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1
F
2
F
O
1
F
2
F
80 ,60NN
100N
100 3N
50N
50 3N
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46
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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1
F
2
F
O
0
120
1
F
2
F
50N
100N
100 3N
50N
50 3N
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1
F
2
F
O
1
F
2
F
50 N
60
100 N
50 3 N
100 3 N
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1 2 3
,,F MA F MB F MC
M
12
,FF
50N
0
60AMB
3
F
100 3 N
25 3 N
50 3 N
50 2 N
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
F3
F2
F1
M
A
C
B
47
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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1
F MA
2
F MB
3
F MC
M
1
F
2
F
25N
60AMB 
3
F
25 3N
50 3N
50 2N
100 3N
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48
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
a
0k
ka
Cùng hướng vi
a
nếu
0k
.
Ngược hướng vi
a
nếu
0.k
Và có độ dài bng
ka
00a =
00k =
ABC
M
BC
2=MB MC
,MB MC
N
AC
1
4
=AN AC
N
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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( )+ = +k m a ka ma
() = k a b ka kb
( ) ( )=k ma km a
0
0
0
=
=
=
k
ka
a
1,
( 1)
=
=
aa
aa
b
cùng phương với
a
( )
0a
khi và ch khi có s
k
tha
=b ka
.
Nhn xét:
Cùng hướng vi
a
nếu
0k
.
Ngược hướng vi
a
nếu
0.k
ng dng: chứng minh ba điểm thng hàng
Điu kin cần và đủ để
,,A B C
thng hàng là có s
k
sao cho
=AB k AC
.
Vi
0k
thì
,AB AC
cùng hướng .
A
B
I
30+=IA IB
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
B'
B
k
a
a
A
A'
B'
B
a
a
k
A
A'
b
a
k
B
B'
A'
A
k
b
a
B
B'
A'
A
A
C
B
§BI 3. TÍCH CA MT VÉC TƠ VI MT S
49
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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a
b
x
x ma nb=+
,mn
ABC
, ==a AB b AC
M
N
1
, 2
3
==AM AB CN BC
, , CM AN MN
a
b
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I
là trung điểm đoạn thng
AB
0 + =IA IB
I
là trung điểm đoạn thng
AB
2 + =MA MB IM
(
M
là điểm bt k)
G
là trng tâm ca tam giác
ABC
0 + + =GA GB GC
G
là trng tâm ca tam giác
ABC
3 + + =MA MB MC MG
(
M
là điểm bt k)
ABCD
O
M
4+ + + =MA MB MC MD MO
23+ + =AB AC AD AC
I
A
B
I
A
B
M
G
B
C
A
50
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
P
30+ + + =PA PB PC PD
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I AB
. , 0=AI k AB k
Phương pháp cân bng h s 1: Dng hình bình hành
ABCD
. Khi đó
+=AB AD AC
Phương pháp n bằng h s 2: gi
I
trung điểm
AB
thì
M
bt k
2+=MA MB MI
Phương pháp cân bng h s 3:
Gi
G
là trng tâm
ABC
thì
M
bt k
3+ + =MA MB MC MG
Kết hp với các định lí pitago và h thức lượng trong tam giác vuông ... để tính độ dài ca
chúng.
D
B
C
A
I
A
B
M
B
C
A
51
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
a
M
BC
1
2
+CB MA
1
2
BA BC
1
2
2
+AB AC
3
2,5
4
MA MB
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ABCD
a
4 3 2= + u MA MB MC MD
M
u
52
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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OAB
.==OA OAB a
3 4 ;+OA OB
11 3
47
OA OB
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ABC
a
,M
N
,BC CA
1
2
+AN CB
1
2
2
BC MN
2+AB AC
3
0,25
2
MA MB
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53
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
a
2 3 2= + u MA MB MC MD
M
u
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ABC
A
AB a=
AB AC+
2AB AC a+=
2
2
a
AB AC+=
2AB AC a+=
AB AC a+=
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54
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABCD
a
AB AC AD++
3a
( )
22a+
2a
22a
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABCD
2a
AB AC AD++
42a
4a
22a
2a
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABCD
AB a=
2CD a=
M
N
AD
BC
MN BD CA++
5
2
a
7
2
a
3
2
a
2
a
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OAB
,O
.OA a=
2.OA OB
.a
( )
1 2 .a+
5.a
2 2.a
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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55
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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OAB
,O
.OA a=
3 4 5 .OA OB a+=
2 3 5 .OA OB a+=
7 2 5 .OA OB a−=
11 6 5 .OA OB a−=
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ABC
2a
G
AB GC
3
3
a
23
3
a
43
3
a
2
3
a
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56
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
a
AH
AC AH+
3
2
a
2a
13
2
a
3a
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1
F MA=
2
F MB=
M
1
F
2
F
( )
300 N
( )
400 N
90AMB =
( )
0N
( )
700 N
( )
100 N
( )
500 N
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1
F MA=
2
F MB=
3
F MC=
M
1
F
2
F
25N
60AMB =
3
F
25 3 N
50 3 N
50 2 N
100 3 N
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
2
F
B
A
M
1
F
3
F
60
C
57
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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I
AB
0 + =IA IB
I
AB
2 + =MA MB MI
M
G
ABC
0+ + =GA GB GC
G
ABC
3+ + =GA GB GC MG
M
ABCD
,IJ
AB
CD
O
IJ
2+=AC BD IJ
0+ + + =OA OB OC OD
4+ + + =MA MB MC MD MO
M
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ABCD
,MN
AB
BD
2 = + = +MN AC BD AD BC
58
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
1 1 1
A B C
G
1 2 3
,,G G G
1 1 1
,,BCA ABC ACB
1 2 3
0+ + =GG GG GG
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ABC
H
G
O
2+ + =HA HB HC HO
+ + =OA OB OC OH
20+=GH GO
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59
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
,,M N P
,,BC CA AB
0+ + =AM BN CP
+ + = + +OA OB OC OM ON OP
O
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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H
B
G
G
21
33
=−AH AC AB
11
33
= CH AB AC
15
66
=−MH AC AB
M
BC
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ABC
M
BC
=+
MC MB
AM AB AC
BC BC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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60
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
' ' 'AB C D
A
' ' ' 0+ + =B B CC D D
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ABC
O
M
,,MD ME MF
,,BC CA AB
3
2
+ + =MD ME MF MO
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ABC
G
ABC
, , ,A B C G
, , ,A B C G
.
' ' ' 3 '+ + =AA BB CC GG
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61
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
,,= = =AB c BC a CA b
G
,,D E F
G
,,BC CA AB
2 2 2
. . . 0+ + =a GD b GE c GF
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ABC
,,= = =AB c BC a CA b
I
ABC
0+ + =aIA bIB cIC
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62
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
,,= = =AB c BC a CA b
I
,,D E F
,,BC CA AB
ABC
,,M N P
,,BC CA AB
cot cot cot cot cot cot 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + + + =
B C C A A B
IA IB IC
cot cot cot 0
2 2 2
+ + =
A B C
IM IN IP
( ) ( ) ( )
0+ + + + + =b c a IM a c b IN a b c IP
0+ + =aAD bBE cCF
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63
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
M
. =0++
MBC MCA MAB
S MA S MB S MC
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ABC
A
I
AH
2 2 2
0+ + =a IA b IB c IC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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A
B
C
D
k
AB k CD AB kCD= =
AB kCD AB kCD= =
AB kCD AB k CD= =
AB kCD AB kCD= =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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64
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABC
G
I
BC
IB IC IA IA+ + =
IB IC BC+=
2AB AC AI+=
3AB AC GA+=
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ABC
G
3MA MB MC MG+ + =
M
0GA GB GC+ + =
2GB GC GA+=
3AG AB AC=+
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABC
G
M
BC
2AB AC AG+=
AB AC AM+=
GA GB CG+=
AB AC BC−=
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I
MN
0IM IN+=
2MN NI=
MI NI IM IN+ = +
2AM AN AI+=
65
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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4
A
B
C
D
I
J
AB
CD
O
IJ
( )
1
2
IJ AD BC=−
AB CD AD CB+ = +
( )
1
2
IJ AC BD=+
0OA OB OC OD+ + + =
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ABCD
I
G
BCD
BA DA BA DC+ = +
3AB AC AD AG+ + =
BA BC DA DC+ = +
0IA IB IC ID+ + + =
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66
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
I
BC
G
G
ABC
0AG BG CG+ + =
2GB GC GI+=
3AI GI=
2GA GI=
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ABCD
O
G
ABD
AB AD AC+=
3AB AD AG+=
2AB AD BO−=
1
3
GO OC=
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ABC
AM
G
( )
2AM AB AC=+
3AM GM=−
2 3 0AM GA+=
( )
3MG MA MB MC= + +
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ABCD
O
AB AD AC+=
AB AD DB−=
OA OB AD+=
OA OB CB+=
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67
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
AM
I
AM
0IA IB IC+ + =
0IA IB IC+ + =
24IA IB IC IA+ + =
20IA IB IC+ + =
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ABC
AA
( ) ( )
tan tanu B A B C A C

=+
u BC=
0u =
u AB=
u AC=
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ABC
G
I
.BC
2.GA GI=
1
.
3
IG IA=−
2.GB GC GI+=
.GB GC GA+=
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ABC
G
M
.BC
2
.
3
GA AM=−
3.AB AC AG+=
.GA BG CG=+
.GB GC GM+=
68
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
,A
M
.BC
.AM MB MC==
.MB MC=
.MB MC=−
.
2
BC
AM =
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.ABC
M
N
AB
.AC
2.AB AM=
2.AC NC=
2.BC MN=−
1
.
2
CN AC=−
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ABC
G
2
.
3
AB AC AG+=
3.BA BC BG+=
.CA CB CG+=
0.AB AC BC+ + =
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69
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
I
2.IA IB=
2
.
3
CA CB
CI
=
2
.
3
CA CB
CI
+
=
2.CI CA CB= +
2
.
3
CA CB
CI
+
=
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ABC
M
2 3 2 .MA MB MC AC BC+ = +
2 3 2 .MA MB MC AC BC+ = +
2 3 2 .MA MB MC CA CB+ = +
2 3 2 .MA MB MC CB CA+ =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABCD
.O
2.AB AD AO+=
1
.
2
AD DO CA+ =
1
.
2
OA OB CB+=
2.AC DB AB+=
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.ABCD
2.AC BD BC+=
.AC BC AB+=
2.AC BD CD−=
.AC AD CD−=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
70
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
M
.AB BC AC+=
.AB AD AC+=
2.BA BC BM+=
.MA MB MC MD+ = +
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
M
=AM a
A
a
M
=AM a
M
A
a
M
,AB
M
2 3 0−=MA MB
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ABC
K
2+=KA KB CB
M
20+ + =MA MB MC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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71
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
,,M N P
20+ + =MA MB MC
0+ + + =NA NB NC ND
30+ + + =PA PB PC PD
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABCD
G
0GA GB GC GD+ + + =
O
( )
1
4
= + + +OG OA OB OC OD
G
ABCD
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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72
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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M
2 3 0+ + =MA MB MC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
, , ,I J K L
20−=IA IB
20 =JA JB JC
+ + =KA KB KC BC
23 + = +LA LB LC AB AC
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABCD
I
k
M
2+ + =MA MB MC kMI
23+ =MA MB MD kMI
2 3 4+ + =MA MB MC MD kMI
73
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
,,= = =AB c BC a CA b
M
0+ + =aMA bMB cMC
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,AB
0.

+
I
0.

+=IA IB
M
( ) .
+ = +MA MB MI
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74
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
,,
0
+ +
0.
++=MA MB MC
0
+ + =
0.
++=NA NB NC
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ABC
AB AC AB AC+ =
ABC
A
ABC
B
ABC
C
ABC
A
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ABC
M
0MA MB MC + =
M
C
M
CBAM
M
B
M
CABM
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ABC
AB AC AB AC+ =
ABC
A
C
B
C
75
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
M
2.MA MB CA+=
M
.A
M
.B
M
.C
M
.ABC
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G
ABC
, GA a GB b==
, mn
.BC ma nb=+
1, 2.mn==
1, 2.mn= =
2, 1.mn==
2, 1.mn= =
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,,A B C
M
.MA x MB y MC=+
.P x y=+
0.P =
2.P =
2.P =−
3.P =
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ABCD
0.k
M
MA MB MC MD k+ + + =
76
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
I
M
MA MB MC MD+ = +
.AB
.AD
,I
.
2
AC
,I
.
2
AB BC+
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,AB
I
.AB
M
MA MB MA MB+ =
,I
.
2
AB
.AB
.AB
.IA
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77
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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,AB
I
.AB
M
22MA MB MA MB+ = +
.AB
.AB
.IA
,A
.AB
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ABC
,a
.G
M
MA MB MA MC+ = +
BC
BC
G
3
a
AG
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ABC
.a
M
78
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
2 3 4MA MB MC MB MA+ + =
.R
R
.a
.
3
a
R =
.
9
a
R =
.
2
a
R =
.
6
a
R =
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ABC
M
3MA MB MC+ + =
1.
2.
3.
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79
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
AB kMN
ABC
, a AB b AC
,MN
1
, 2
3
AM AB CN BC
, , CM AN MN
a
b
MI CM
,,I A N
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,ABC
BC
M
3BM CM
AM
N
25AN MN
G
ABC
, AM BN
AB
AC
,GC MN
GA
GB
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80
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
,MN
AB
CD
3 , 2AB AM CD CN
G
MNB
, ,AN MN AG
AB
AC
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.ABC
,,M N P
3MB MC
30NA NC
0PA PB
,,AP AN AM
AB
AC
MP
MN
AB
AC
,,M N P
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81
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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.ABC
,IJ
2 , 3 2 0 IA IB JA JC
IJ
AB
AC
IJ
G
ABC
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ABC
G
I
BC
23CI BI
J
BC
52JB JC
,AI AJ
AB
AC
AG
AI
AJ
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82
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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,ab
x
21 u a x b
v xa b
3u a xb
2
1
3
u x a b
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ABC
M
,BC I
.AM
2 0.IB IC IA
2 0.IB IC IA
2 0.IB IC IA
0.IB IC IA
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ABC
M
,BC I
.AM
1
.
4
AI AB AC
1
.
4
AI AB AC
11
.
42
AI AB AC
11
.
42
AI AB AC
83
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
M
,BC G
.ABC
2
.
3
AG AB AC
1
.
3
AG AB AC
12
.
32
AG AB AC
2
3.
3
AI AB AC
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ABCD
M
.AB
1
.
2
DM CD BC
1
.
2
DM CD BC
1
.
2
DM DC BC
1
.
2
DM DC BC
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,ABC
M
AB
3AM AB
N
.AC
MN
AB
.AC
11
.
23
MN AC AB
11
.
23
MN AC AB
11
.
23
MN AB AC
11
.
23
MN AC AB
84
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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.ABC
,MN
BC
.BM MN NC
AM
AB
.AC
21
.
33
AM AB AC
12
.
33
AM AB AC
21
.
33
AM AB AC
12
.
33
AM AB AC
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ABC
M
.BC
AB
AM
.BC
1
.
2
AB AM BC
1
.
2
AB BC AM
1
.
2
AB AM BC
1
.
2
AB BC AM
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ABC
M
AB
N
AC
2NC NA
K
MN
11
.
64
AK AB AC
11
.
46
AK AB AC
11
.
46
AK AB AC
11
.
64
AK AB AC
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85
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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.ABCD
AB
AC
.BD
11
.
22
AB AC BD
11
.
22
AB AC BD
1
.
2
AB AM BC
1
.
2
AB AC BD
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ABC
,.a BC b AC
2 , 2 .a b a b
2 , 2 .a b a b
5 , 10 2 .a b a b
,.a b a b
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
M
.MA MB MC
,,C M B
AM
.BAC
,AM
ABC
0.AM BC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
86
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
I
2IA IB
IC
AB
AC
2IC AB AC
2IC AB AC
2
3
IC AB AC
2
3
IC AB AC
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ABCD
O
M
N
OA
CD
..MN a AB b AD
ab
1ab
1
2
ab
3
4
ab
1
4
ab
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ABC
I
J
2IA IB
3 2 0JA JC
5
2
2
IJ AC AB
5
2
2
IJ AB AC
2
2
5
IJ AB AC
2
2
5
IJ AC AB
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
87
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
M
BC
2MB MC
12
33
AM AB AC
21
33
AM AB AC
AM AB AC
23
55
AM AB AC
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ABCD
N
AB
G
ABC
GA
BD
NC
12
33
GA BD NC
14
33
GA BD NC
12
33
GA BD NC
12
33
GA BD NC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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89
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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90
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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91
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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92
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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93
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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94
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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95
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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96
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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97
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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98
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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99
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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100
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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101
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
18cm
M
2 3 4MA MB MC MA MB
2cmR
3cmR
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00 ma nb m n
,ab
,MN
AD
DC
ABCD
AN
BM
P
12
;
55
PM BM AP AN
ABCD
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102
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
,,abc
G
2 2 2
0. a GA b GB c GC
ABC
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ABC
AA
B
C
,CA AB
' ' ' 0 AA BB CC
,BB CC

ABC
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103
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABCD
O
0 OA OB OC OD
ABCD
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ABC
,BB CC

A
BC
' ' ' 0 AA BB CC
AA
ABC
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ABC
,,A B C
,,BC CA AB
', ', 'AA BB CC
' ' ' 0 AA BB CC
', ', 'AA BB CC
ABC
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104
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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, , , ;A B C D
I
AB
J
CD
2AD BC IJ
J
CD
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ABCD
O
OA OB OC OD
0 OA OB OC OD
ABCD
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ABC
O
G
ABC
,,A B C
3 ', 3 ', 3 ' OA OA OB OB OC OC
G
' ' 'A B C
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105
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
O
H
,,A B C
' 3 , ' 3 , ' 3 OA OA OB OB OC OC
H
' ' 'A B C
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ABC
M
AM
BC
D
BM
CA
E
CM
AB
F
0 AD BE CF
M
ABC
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,ab
a b a b
,ab
a b a b
,ab
MI
M
M
MI
M
M
M
O
MI
M
OI
MI
M
OI
O
106
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
d
M
d
T MA MB MC
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ABC
' ' 'A B C
G
G
' ' ' T AA BB CC
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ABC
d
,,
0
M
d
T MA MB MC
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ABC
,,M N P
,,BC CA AB
,, BM kBC CN kCA AP k AB
,,AM BN CP
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107
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
M
AB
...MC AB MABC MB AC
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ABCD
M
CD
12
,,p p p
,,AMB ACB ADB
12
max ;p p p
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108
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
O
i
1i
O
i
;Oi
'x Ox
.Ox
u
;Oi
a
u a i
aR
a
u
;Oi
u
2ui
2.
M
;Oi
m
OM mi
m
M
;.Oi
M
.OM
M
3OM i
3.
,AB
Ox
BA
AB x x
AB
Ox
BA
AB x x
.AB AB i
AB BA
AB CD AB CD
; ; ( ; ) : A B C O i AB BC AC
;Oi
,,A B C
2 ; 1
4
;;AB BC CA
B
AC
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;Oi
4
, , ,A B C D
. . . 0 AB CD AC DB AD BC
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i
x'
x
O
§BI 4. TRC TA ĐỘ VÀ H TRC TA ĐỘ
109
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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1. Định nghĩa. H trc tọa độ gm hai trc vuông góc
Ox
Oy
với hai vectơ đơn vị lần lượt là
,ij
.
Đim
O
gi là
gc tọa độ
,
Ox
gi là
trc hoành
Oy
gi
trc tung.
Kí hiu
Oxy
hay
;,O i j
;,O i j
u xi y j
;xy
u
;u x y
;u x y
x
y
23a i j
1
5
3
b i j
3ci
2dj
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u
u xi y j
u
2; 3 , 1;8 , 2;0 , 0; 1 ,
0
0;0 , ; sin10
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;,O i j
;M x y
: OM xi y j
x
y
110
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
,HK
M
Ox
Oy
; M x y OM xi y j OH OK
,OH xi OK y j
,x OH y OK
; , ;
A A B B
A x y B x y
;
B A B A
AB x x y y
,,A B C
23OA i j
2OB j i
31
.
22
OC i j
,,.A B C
, , .AB AC BC
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( ; ), ( ; )
A A B B
A x y B x y
M
AB
;
MM
M x y
AB
2
2
AB
M
AB
M
xx
x
yy
y
ABC
( ; ), ( ; ), ;
A A B B C C
A x y B x y C x y
;
GG
G x y
ABC
3
2


A B C
G
A B C
G
xxx
x
yyy
y
ABC
(2;1), ( 1; 2), ( 3;2) A B C
M
C
MB
.ABC
D
ABCD
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111
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
( ; )u x y
' ( '; ')u x y
k
'
'
'

xx
uu
yy
( '; ') u v x x y y
. ( ; )k u kx ky
'u
u
0u
'
.
'
x kx
y ky
Oxy
3; 2 , 1;5 , 2; 5 .a b c
2uv
34u i j
vi
2k a b
2 5 .l a b c
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(1;2), ( 3;4) ; ( 1;3) a b c
u
2 3 0.u a b
3 2 3 3 .u a b c
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4;0 , 0;3AB
2;1C
2u AB AC
M
2 3 0 MA MB MC
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112
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
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2;3 , 10; 15ab
0;5 , 0;8uv
2;1 , 6;3mn
3;4 , 6;9cd
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1
5 , 4
2
u i j v ki j
; 3 , 2;2m x n x
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( ; )Oi
,Oi
Mx
.OM x i
,Oi
ux
.u x i
AB
.m AB AB mi
AB
BA
AB x x
AB BA
AB CD AB CD
; ; ( ; ) :A B C O i AB BC AC
I
:
2
AB
I
xx
AB x
113
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
'x Ox
,AB
a
b
I
2IB IA
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'x Ox
,AB
a
b
x
M
MA kMB
,1k
I
AB
x
M
25MA MB
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,,A B C
,Oi
5; 3; 4
, , ,AB BA AC BC
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
'x Ox
,,A B C
,,abc
I
0IA IB IC
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114
Lớp Toán Thầy-Diệp Tuân Tel: 0935.660.880
'x Ox
,,A B C
5;2;4
M
0MA MB MC
2 4 3 0MA MB MC
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'x Ox
,,A B C
8, 2,5
C
M
B
MA
MB
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󰉦󰉨󰉻󰉦󰉦󰉤󰉾󰉨
M
.
11
( ; )a x y=
22
( ; )b x y=
1 2 1 2
.a b x x y y=+
( )
12
;a a a=
22
12
.a a a=+
( )
12
;a a a=
( )
12
;b b b=
0
( )
1 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
.
cos ; .
.
.
a b a b
ab
ab
ab
a a b b
+
==
++
( )
;
AA
A x y
( )
;
BB
B x y
( ) ( )
22
B A B A
AB x x y y= +
(0;4) ; (4; 2).ab= =
a
b
c
( 2 ). 1a b c+ =
( 2 ). 6b c a + =
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( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
8;0 , 0;4 , 2;0 , 3; 5A B C D
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B'
A'
A
B
C
D
T
A
O
M
B

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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( ) ( )
1; 1 , 3;0AB
.ABCD
C
D
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0
0
0
180
0
0
0
180
( )
0
,AB MN a=
( )
0
,AB NM a=−
AB
ABC
( )
( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
1
.
2
BC BC AC AB AB AC AB AC BC= = = +
ABCD
O
( )
,AB DC
( )
,AD CB
( )
,CO DC
( )
,OA DO
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ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
, , ,P AB AC BC BA CA CB= + +
( ) ( ) ( )
, , ,P AB BC BC CA CA AB= + +
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
A
0
30B =
( ) ( )
( )
,
cos , sin , tan
2
AC CB
P AB BC BA BC= + +
( ) ( ) ( )
sin , cos , cos ,P AB AC BC BA CA BA= + +
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a
b
0
.ab
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,,O A B
,OA a OB b==
.OAOB
,AB
O
,AB
O
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O
.MNP
O
120
( )
,MN NP
( )
,.MO ON
( )
,.MN OP
( )
,.MN MP
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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.ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
cos , cos , cos , .P AB BC BC CA CA AB= + +
33
.
2
P =
3
.
2
P =
3
.
2
P =−
33
.
2
P =−
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ABC
.AH
( )
,.AH BA
0
30 .
0
60 .
0
120 .
0
150 .
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ABC
A
0
50 .B =
( )
0
, 130 .AB BC =
( )
0
, 40 .BC AC =
( )
0
, 50 .AB CB =
( )
0
, 40 .AC CB =
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ABC
A
2.BC AC=
( )
cos , .AC CB
( )
1
cos , .
2
AC CB =
( )
1
cos , .
2
AC CB =−
( )
3
cos , .
2
AC CB =
( )
3
cos , .
2
AC CB =−
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
, , , .AB BC BC CA CA AB++
180 .
360 .
270 .
120 .
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ABC
60A =
( ) ( )
, , .AB BC BC CA+
120 .
360 .
270 .
240 .
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ABC
A
100
.H
( ) ( ) ( )
, , , .HA HB HB HC HC HA++
360 .
180 .
80 .
160 .
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ABCD
( )
cos , .AC BA
( )
2
cos , .
2
AC BA =
( )
2
cos , .
2
AC BA =−
( )
cos , 0.AC BA =
( )
cos , 1.AC BA =−
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
ABCD
.O
( ) ( ) ( )
, , , .AB DC AD CB CO DC++
0
45 .
0
405 .
0
315 .
0
225 .
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ABC
a
AB
BC
120
60
45
135
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ABC
( )
sin ,BC AC
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
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ABC
60A =
( ) ( )
,,AB BC BC CA+
120
360
270
240
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ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
cos , cos , cos ,AB AC BA BC CB CA++
3
2
33
2
3
2
3
2
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
1 1 2 2
( ; ), ( ; )a x y b x y==
1 2 1 2
.a b x x y y=+
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
.
cos( , )
x x y y
ab
ab
ab
x y x y
+
==
++
1 2 1 2
. 0 0a b a b x x y y = + =
( ; )a x y=
22
a x y=+
( ; ), ( ; )
A A B B
A x y B x y
22
( ) ( )
B A B A
AB x x y y= +
ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
; , ; , ;
A A B B C C
A x y B x y C x y
I
;.
22
A B A B
x x y y
AB I
++



: ; .
33
A B C A B C
x x x y y y
GG
+ + + +



.0
.
.0
HA BC
H
HB CA
=
=
22
22
.
AE BE
E EA EB EC
AE CE
=
= =
=
K
.0
.
AK BC
A
BK kBC
=
=
A
..
AB
D DB DC
AC
=
P AB BC CA=++
2
11
. .sin . . 1 cos
22
S AB AC A AB AC A= =
( )
: cos cos ,A A AB AC=
ABC
.0
.
AB AC
A
AB AC
=
=
ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
1;2 , 2;6 , 9;8A B C
ABC
A
B
.ABC
A
BC
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
(5;3), (2; 1), ( 1;5)A B C−−
.ABC
A
ABC
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(6;3), ( 3;6), (1; 2)A B C−−
ABC
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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Oxy
( ) ( )
2; 1 , 2; 4AB
Oy
M
0
45MBA =
Ox
N
NA NB=
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
( )
3;1A
( )
1; 1B −−
( )
6;0C
A
ABC
AB
.OC
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
( )
1;3B
( )
3;1C
ABC
A
A
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABCD
( )
1;1I
( )
3;2A
B
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(3;4), (2;1)AB
( 1; 2)C −−
M
BC
0
45AMB =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
( )
2;1A
B
C
ABC
A
,BC
ABC
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( ) ( )
4; 3 , 3;1AB
M
0
135AMB =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
( )
1;4A
( )
2; 2B −−
( )
4;2C
M
2 2 2
23MA MB MC++
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,Oxy
( ) ( ) ( )
3; 1 , 2;10 , 4;2 .A B C−−
..AB AC
40..AB AC =
40..AB AC =
26..AB AC =
26..AB AC =
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,Oxy
( )
3; 1A
( )
.2;10B
..AO OB
. 4.AO OB =−
. 0.AO OB =
. 4.AOOB =
. 16.AO OB =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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,Oxy
46a i j=+
3 7 .b i j=−
..ab
. 30.ab=−
. 3.ab=
. 30.ab=
. 43.ab=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
3;2a =−
( )
1; 7 .b =
c
.9ca=
. 20.cb=−
( )
1; 3 .c =
( )
1;3 .c =−
( )
1; 3 .c =−
( )
1;3 .c =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( ) ( )
1;2 , 4;3ab==
( )
2;3 .c =
( )
..P a b c=+
0.P =
18.P =
20.P =
28.P =
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,Oxy
( )
1;1a =−
( )
2;0b =
a
.b
( )
1
cos , .
2
ab =
( )
2
cos , .
2
ab =−
( )
1
cos , .
22
ab =−
( )
1
cos , .
2
ab =
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,Oxy
( )
2; 1a =
( )
4; 3b =−
a
.b
( )
5
cos , .
5
ab =−
( )
25
cos , .
5
ab =
( )
3
cos , .
2
ab =
( )
1
cos , .
2
ab =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
4;3a =
( )
1;7b =
a
.b
O
90 .
=
O
60 .
=
O
45 .
=
O
30 .
=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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,Oxy
( )
1;2x =
( )
3; 1y =
x
.y
O
45 .
=
O
60 .
=
O
90 .
=
O
135 .
=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
2;5a =
( )
3; 7b =−
a
.b

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
O
30 .
=
O
45 .
=
O
60 .
=
O
135 .
=
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
9;3a =
a
( )
1
1; 3 .v =−
( )
2
2; 6 .v =−
( )
3
1;3 .v =
( )
4
1;3 .v =−
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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,Oxy
( ) ( )
1;2 , 1;1AB
( )
5; 1C
AB
.AC
( )
1
cos , .
2
AB AC =−
( )
3
cos , .
2
AB AC =
( )
2
cos , .
5
AB AC =−
( )
5
cos , .
5
AB AC =−
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
ABC
( ) ( )
6;0 , 3;1AB
( )
1; 1C −−
B
O
15 .
O
60 .
O
120 .
O
135 .
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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,Oxy
( ) ( ) ( )
8;0 , 0;4 , 2;0A B C
( )
3; 5 .D −−
BAD
BCD
BCD
( ) ( )
cos , cos , .AB AD CB CD=
BAD
BCD
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
1
5
2
u i j=−
4.v ki j=−
k
u
.v
20.k =
20.k =−
40.k =−
40.k =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
1
5
2
u i j=−
4.v ki j=−
k
u
v
37
.
4
k =
37
.
2
k =
37
.
2
k =
5
.
8
k =
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( ) ( )
2;3 , 4;1ab= =
c ka mb=+
, .km
c
( )
ab+
2 2 .km=
3 2 .km=
2 3 0.km+=
3 2 0.km+=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
2;3a =−
( )
4;1b =
d
.4ad=
.2bd=−
56
;.
77
d
=


56
;.
77
d
=−


56
;.
77
d
=−


56
;.
77
d
=


..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( ) ( )
4;1 , 1;4uv==
.a u m v=+
.m
m
a
4.m =
4.m =−
2.m =−
2.m =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
4;1u =
( )
1;4 .v =
m
.a m u v=+
b i j=+
0
45 .
4.m =
1
.
2
m =−
1
.
4
m =−
1
.
2
m =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
1; 2M
( )
3;4 .N
4.MN =
6.MN =
3 6.MN =
2 13.MN =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
1;4 , 3;2 , 5;4A B C
P
4 2 2.P =+
4 4 2.P =+
8 8 2.P =+
2 2 2.P =+
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( )
;;O i j
34
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a i j=
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󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
1
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,Oxy
( )
3;4u =
( )
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1
0; .
2
M



v
u
v
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,Oxy
( ) ( ) ( )
1;2 , 2; 4 , 0;1A B C−−
3
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2
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

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.CD
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,Oxy
( ) ( ) ( )
7; 3 , 8;4 , 1;5A B C
( )
0; 2D
.AC CB
ABC
ABCD
ABCD
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,Oxy
( ) ( ) ( )
1;1 , 0;2 , 3;1A B C
( )
0; 2 .D
ABCD
ABCD
ABCD
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󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
( ) ( )
1;1 , 1;3AB
( )
1; 1C
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ABC
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B
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A
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ABC
( ) ( )
10;5 , 3;2AB
( )
6; 5C
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A
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B
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A
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ABC
( ) ( )
2; 1 , 1; 1AB
( )
2;2C
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ABC
A
ABC
B
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C
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,Oxy
( )
2;4A
( )
.8;4B
C
ABC
.C
( )
.6;0C
( )
,0;0C
( )
.6;0C
( )
.0;0C
( )
1;0 .C
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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,Oxy
( )
1;2A
( )
3;1 .B
C
ABC
.A
( )
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( )
.5;0C
( )
.3;1C
( )
0; 6 .C
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,Oxy
( ) ( )
–4;0 , –5;0AB
( )
.3;0C
M
0.MA MB MC+ + =
( )
.–2;0M
( )
.2;0M
( )
.–4;0M
( )
.–5;0M
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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,Oxy
( )
–2;2M
( )
.1;1N
P
, , M N P
( )
.0;4P
( )
.0;–4P
( )
.–4;0P
( )
.4;0P
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,Oxy
M
( )
1;4N
2 5.
( )
1;0 .M
( ) ( )
1;0 , 3;0 .MM
( )
3;0 .M
( ) ( )
1;0 , 3;0 .MM
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󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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( )
1;3A
( )
4;2 .B
C
C
A
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5
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3
C
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3
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3
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5
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( ) ( )
2;2 , 5; 2 .AB
M
0
90 ?AMB =
( )
0;1 .M
( )
6;0 .M
( )
1;6 .M
( )
0;6 .M
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
( )
1; 1A
( )
3;2 .B
M
22
MA MB+
( )
0;1 .M
( )
0; 1 .M
1
0; .
2
M



1
0; .
2
M



..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
,Oxy
ABCD
( )
2;0 ,A
( )
2;5 ,B
( )
6;2 .C
.D
( )
2; 3 .D
( )
2;3 .D
( )
2; 3 .D −−
( )
2;3 .D
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,Oxy
ABC
( ) ( ) ( )
1;3 , 2;4 , 5;3 .A B C
G
10
2; .
3
G
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

8 10
;.
33
G
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( )
2;5 .G
4 10
;.
33
G



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,Oxy
ABC
( ) ( )
4;1 , 2;4 ,AB
( )
2; 2 .C
I
1
;1 .
4
I


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1
;1 .
4
I



1
1; .
4
I



1
1; .
4
I



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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABC
( ) ( )
3;0 , 3;0AB
( )
2;6 .C
( )
;H a b
6.ab+
6 5.ab+=
6 6.ab+=
6 7.ab+=
6 8.ab+=
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ABC
( ) ( )
4;3 , 2;7AB
( )
3; 8 .C −−
'A
A
.BC
( )
' 1; 4 .A
( )
' 1;4 .A
( )
' 1;4 .A
( )
' 4;1 .A
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,Oxy
ABC
( ) ( )
2;4 , 3;1 ,AB
( )
3; 1 .C
'A
A
31
' ; .
55
A
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31
' ; .
55
A
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−−
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31
' ; .
55
A
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
31
' ; .
55
A



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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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Oxy
( ) ( )
3; 2 , 3;6AB−−
( )
11;0 .C
D
ABCD
( )
5; 8 .D
( )
8;5 .D
( )
5;8 .D
( )
8;5 .D
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,Oxy
( )
2;4A
( )
1;1 .B
C
ABC
.B
( )
4;0 .C
( )
2;2 .C
( ) ( )
4;0 , 2;2 .CC
( )
2;0 .C
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,Oxy
ABCD
( )
1; 1A
( )
3;0 .B
D
D

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
( )
0; 1 .D
( )
2; 3 .D
( ) ( )
2; 3 , 0;1 .DD
( )
2; 3 .D −−
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,Oxy
( ) ( ) ( )
1;2 , 1;3 , 2; 1A B C
( )
0; 2 .D
ABCD
ABCD
ABCD
ABCD
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,Oxy
OAB
( )
1;3A
( )
4;2B
E
O
.OAB
55
;.
22
E

=


31
;.
22
E

=−


( )
2 3 2;4 2 .E = + +
( )
2 3 2;4 2 .E = +
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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,Oxy
( ) ( )
2;0 , 0;2AB
( )
0;7 .C
D
.ABCD
( )
7;0 .D
( ) ( )
7;0 , 2;9 .DD
( ) ( )
0;7 , 9;2 .DD
( )
9;2 .D
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( )
. . cos ;a b a b a b=
ABC
,2AB a BC a==
G
.BA BC
.BC CA
. . .AB BC BC CA CA AB++
. . .GAGB GBGC GC GA++
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
a
M
AB
G
ADM
( )( )AB AD BD BC++
( )
.CG CA DM+
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ABC
,,BC a CA b AB c= = =
M
BC
D
A
.AB AC
cos A
2
AM
2
AD
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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( )
2
a
bc
l p p a
bc
=−
+
ABC
5, 7, 8AB BC AC= = =
.AB AC
.AC BC
3CD =
.CD CB
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,ab
1
2 3 7ab−=
( )
cos ,ab
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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,ab
1
0
60
u
v
2u a b=+
v a b=−
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ABCD
3
AB
M
1BM =
CD
N
1DN =
P
BC
cosMNP
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ABCD
2AB =
M
3AM MB=
G
ADM
.MB GC
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ABCD
,MN
,DA BC
AB
CD
2 , 3AB CD a MN a= = =
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ABCD
2 5, 5 2, 3 10, 10AB BC CD BD BD AC= = = = = =
,AC DB

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
1
D
C
AB
M
CB
AC
N
MDN
D
AC
P
MPD
M
MP
.PD
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a
b
0
..a b a b=
.0ab=
.1ab=−
..a b a b=−
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a
b
0
a
b
. . .a b a b=−
0
180 .
=
0
0.
=
0
90 .
=
0
45 .
=

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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a
b
3,a =
2b =
. 3.ab=−
a
.b
0
30 .
=
0
45 .
=
0
60 .
=
0
120 .
=
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a
b
1ab==
2
3
5
u a b=−
v a b=+
a
.b
0
90 .
=
0
180 .
=
0
60 .
=
0
45 .
=
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a
b
( )
22
2
1
..
2
a b a b a b= +
( )
22
2
1
..
2
a b a b a b= +
( )
22
1
..
2
a b a b a b= +
( )
22
1
..
4
a b a b a b= +
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
.a
..AB AC
2
. 2 .AB AC a=
2
3
..
2
a
AB AC =−
2
..
2
a
AB AC =−
2
..
2
a
AB AC =
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ABC
.a
..AB BC
2
..AB BC a=
2
3
..
2
a
AB BC =
2
..
2
a
AB BC =−
2
..
2
a
AB BC =
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G
ABC
a
2
1
..
2
AB AC a=
2
1
..
2
AC CB a=−
2
..
6
a
GAGB =
2
1
..
2
AB AG a=
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
a
AH
. 0.AH BC =
( )
0
, 150 .AB HA =
2
..
2
a
AB AC =
2
..
2
a
AC CB =
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ABC
A
.AB AC a==
..AB BC
2
..AB BC a=−
2
..AB BC a=
2
2
..
2
a
AB BC =−
2
2
..
2
a
AB BC =
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ABC
A
, .AB c AC b==
..BA BC
2
..BA BC b=
2
..BA BC c=
22
..BA BC b c=+
22
..BA BC b c=−
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ABC
2cm, 3cm, 5cm.AB BC CA= = =
..CACB
. 13.CACB =
. 15.CACB =
. 17.CACB =
. 19.CACB =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
, , .BC a CA b AB c= = =
( )
..P AB AC BC=+
22
.P b c=−
22
.
2
cb
P
+
=
2 2 2
.
3
c b a
P
++
=
2 2 2
.
2
c b a
P
+−
=
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ABC
, , .BC a CA b AB c= = =
M
.BC
..AM BC
22
..
2
bc
AM BC
=
22
..
2
cb
AM BC
+
=
2 2 2
..
3
c b a
AM BC
++
=
2 2 2
..
2
c b a
AM BC
+−
=
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, , O A B
( )
.0OA OB AB+=
OAB
OAB
.O
OAB
.O
OAB
.O
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, , , M N P Q
( )
..MN NP PQ MN NP MN PQ+ = +
..MP MN MN MP=−
..MN PQ PQ MN=
( )( )
22
MN PQ MN PQ MN PQ + =

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
.a
..AB AC
2
..AB AC a=
2
. 2.AB AC a=
2
2
..
2
AB AC a=
2
1
..
2
AB AC a=
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ABCD
a
( )
..P AC CD CA=+
1.P =−
2
3.Pa=
2
3.Pa=−
2
2.Pa=
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ABCD
.a
( ) ( )
..P AB AC BC BD BA= + + +
2 2 .Pa=
2
2.Pa=
2
.Pa=
2
2.Pa=−
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ABCD
a
E
D
.C
..AE AB
2
. 2 .AE AB a=
2
. 3 .AE AB a=
2
. 5 .AE AB a=
2
. 5 .AE AB a=
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
ABCD
2.
M
AC
4
AC
AM =
N
.DC
..MB MN
. 4.MB MN =−
. 0.MB MN =
. 4.MB MN =
. 16.MB MN =
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ABCD
8, 5.AB AD==
..AB BD
. 62.AB BD =
. 64.AB BD =
. 62.AB BD =−
. 64.AB BD =−
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ABCD
8AC =
6.BD =
..AB AC
. 24.AB AC =
. 26.AB AC =
. 28.AB AC =
. 32.AB AC =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
ABCD
8cm, 12cmAB AD==
ABC
2
54cm .
( )
cos , .AB BC
( )
27
cos , .
16
AB BC =
( )
27
cos , .
16
AB BC =−
( )
57
cos , .
16
AB BC =
( )
57
cos , .
16
AB BC =−
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ABCD
AB a=
2AD a=
K
.AD
..BK AC
. 0.BK AC =
2
. 2.BK AC a=−
2
. 2.BK AC a=
2
. 2 .BK AC a=
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
,AB
M
,AB
M
.0AM AB =
AB
( )
0.MA MB MC+=
.0MA MB =
.AB
I
k
M
2
MI k=
0k
0k =
.I
0k
,MI k=
,I
.Rk=
I
I
I
I
ABC
M
.0MA BC =
( )
0MA MB MC+=
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ABC
M
..AB AM AB AC=
( )
0MB MA MB MC+ + =
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ABC
M
( )( )
3 2 3 0MA MB MA MB MC+ + + =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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AB a=
k
22
MA MB k+=
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ABC
k
2 2 2 2
MA MB MC k+ + =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
k
2 2 2 2 2
MA MB MC MD k+ + + =
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ABC
k
2 2 2 2
2 3 5MA MB MC k+ + =
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,AB
k
M
.MA MB k=
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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a
0
2
3
.
4
a
MA MB =
2
.MA MB MA=
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ABC
( )
2 3 0MA MB CB BC+ + =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
ABCD
a
..MAMC MB MD k+=
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2
2.MA MAMB=
22
2MA MB k+=
.AM a k=
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
( )( )
20MA MB MB MC =
( )( )
2 2 0MA MB MB MC+ + =
2
2 . .MA MA MB MA MC+=
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ABCD
2 2 2 2
2MA MB MC MD+ = +
( )( )
2
3MA MB MC MC MB a+ + =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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2
1
..
2
MAMB MC MD IJ+=
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2
. . .
4
a
MA MB MB MC MC MA+ + =
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2
..AB AH AC AK AI+=
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k
22
MA MB k−=
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
2 2 2
MA MB MC k
++=
k
0
+ + =
0
+ +
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,AB
k
M
.MA AB k=
22
MA MB k−=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABC
k
2 2 2
24MA MB MC a+ =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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,AB
a
N
2
.2AN AB a=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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A
,H
A
M
N
AM
2
.AN AM AH=
N
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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ABC
M
( )
0MA MB MC+=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
M
( )
0MB MA MB MC+ + =
, , A B C
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
M
.0MA BC =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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, AB
a
N
2
.2AN AB a=
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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, AB
8.AB =
M
. 16MA MB =−
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
ABC
a
M
2
2 2 2
5
4
2
a
MA MB MC+ + =
( )
C
R
R
3
a
R =
4
a
R =
3
2
a
R =
6
a
R =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
2
2
AB AB=
( )
2
22
2.a b a b a b+ = + +
( )
2
22
2.a b a b a b = +
( )( )
22
a b a b a b+ =
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
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( ) ( )
22
2 2 2 2
11
.
22
a b a b a b a b a b
= + = +
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.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
I
AB
M
22
.MA MB IM IA=−
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
, , ,A B C D
. . . 0DA BC DB CA DC AB+ + =
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AB
AC
BD
E
2
..AE AC BE BD AB+=
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ABC
,,BC a CA b AB c= = =
I
2 2 2
aIA bIB cIC abc+ + =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
,,AD BE CF
. . . 0BC AD CA BE ABCF+ + =
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ABCD
O
M
..MA MC MB MD=
2
. 2 .MA MB MD MA MO+=
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ABC
H
M
BC
2
1
.
4
MH MA BC=
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ABC
G
,,BC a CA b AB c= = =
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
3
GA GB GC a b c+ + = + +
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
, , ,A B C D
.0AC DB =
2 2 2 2
AB CD BC DA+ = +
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ABC
,,AA BB CC
,,M N P
,,BC CA AB
' . ' . ' . 0A M BC B N CA C P AB+ + =
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ABCD
M
. . .MAMC MB MD BA BC−=
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,MN
2AB R=
I
AM
BN
. . , . .AM AI AB AI BN BI BABI==
..AM AI BN BI+
R
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
ABC
M
BC
B
C
,,abc
,,BC CA AB
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
.AM b BM c CM b c a BM CM= + + +
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ABCDEF
EF
ACE
BDF
2 2 2
AB EF CD+=
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ABC
a
( )
O
M
( )
O
2 2 2 2
2MA MB MC a+ + =
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ABCD
( )
;OR
MN
( )
;OR
2 2 2 2 2
8MA MB MC MD R+ + + =
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
MA MB MC MD NA NB NC ND+ + + = + + +
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
. . . . 0AB AD BA BC CB CD DC DA+ + + =
ABCD
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1 2 3 4 5 6
A A A A A A
I
( )
;OR
I
, 1,6
i
IA i =
( )
;OR
i
B
1,6i =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6
6IB IB IB IB IB IB R+ + + + + =
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ABC
G
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3MA MB MC MG GA GB GC+ + = + + +
M
2 2 2 2
9a b c R+ +

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
0
90BAC
,,BC a CA b AB c= = =
M
ABC
BC
,,x y z
,,MBC MCA MAB
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2yz
x y z c x z y b x y z a
x

+ + + = + + +


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ABC
M
. . . 0MA BC MB CA MC AB+ + =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
,,AD BE CF
. . . 0BC AD CA BE ABCF+ + =
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O
AB
M
22
.MA MB MO OA=−
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,MN
2AB R=
I
AM
BN
. . , . .AM AI AB AI BN BI BABI==
2
. . 4AM AI BN BI R+=
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ABC
B
M
BC
2
1
.
4
MH MA BC=

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
O
M
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
11
39
MG MA MB MC AB BC CA= + + = + +
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.0a b a b =
.0AB CD ABCD =
ABC
A
2
.BA BC AB=
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, , ,A B C D
. . . 0DA BC DB CA DC AB+ + =
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
A
AB
AC
'B
'C
. ' . 'AB AB AC AC=
M
BC
''AM B C
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ABC
A
ABC
A
ABD
ACE
M
BC
AM
DE
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ABCD
AB a=
2AD a=
K
AD
BK
AC
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
A
H
BC
D
H
,AC
M
HD
AM
BD
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ABCD
AC
BD
M
P
AD
MP
BC
..MA MC MB MD=
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ABCD
2 2 2 2
2.AB CD BC AD CA BD+ = + +
2 2 2 2
AC BD AB CD BC AD + = +
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ABCD
M
AC
4
AC
AM =
N
DC
BMN
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
3a
,,M N P
,,BC CA AB
BM a=
2CN a=
AP x=
x
AM PN
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I
M
2
0MI
2
MI
MI
I
M
d
MI
M
I
d
( )
( )
2
2
0, 0...a b i j k + +
ABC
G
M
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3MA MB MC MG GA GB GC+ + = + + +
M
2 2 2
MA MB MC++
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
󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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4AB a=
M
22
3MA MB+
M
d
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ABC
, , ,BC a CA b AB c= = =
M
( )
. . .f M MAMB MB MC MC MA= + +
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..a b a b
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ABC
3
cos cos cos
2
A B C+ +

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABC
3
cos2 cos2 cos2
2
A B C+ +
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ABC
,,BC a CA b AB c= = =
M
2 2 2
. . .a MA b MB c MC abc+ +
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ABC
, , 0x y z
( )
2 2 2
2 cos cos cosx y z xy C yz A zx B+ + + +

󰉵󰉚-󰉪 Tel: 0935.660.880
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ABCD
2 2 2 2
2.AC BD AD BC ABCD+ + +
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