English Destination - English Linguistics | Học viện Ngoại giao Việt Nam

00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment
DESTINATION B2: WEATHER AND ENVIRONMENT 1, VOCAB IN CONTRAST 1.
Def: Connected with a town or city Urban (adj)
-> Thuộc về thành thị /ˈɜːrbən/
E.g: Many Americans were leaving the farm for the promise of urban life. Suburban (adj)
Def: in or connected with a suburb /səˈbɜːrbən/
-> Thuộc về (vùng) ngoại ô
E.g: - They live in suburban Washington. Rural (adj)
Def: connected with or like the countryside /ˈrʊrəl/
-> Thuộc về (vùng) nông thôn
E.g: - Belarus is predominantly (=mainly) rural. 2.
Def: a form of air pollution that is or looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, especially in cities Smog (noun) -> Sương khói /sm / ɑːɡ
E.g: - Governments encourage residents to reduce smog caused by traffic fumes
Def: a thick cloud of very small drops of water in the air close to the Fog (noun)
land or sea, that is very difficult to see through it /f / ɑːɡ
-> Sương mù (dày đặc)
E.g: - Freezing fog will make driving conditions very treacherous.
Def: the grey, white or black gas that is produced by something Smoke (noun) burning /sməʊk/
-> Khói (Do chất cháy tạo nên)
E.g: - Plumes of black smoke could be seen rising from the area.
Def: a cloud of very small drops of water in the air just above the Mist (noun) ground /mɪst/
-> Sương mù (mỏng hơn fog)
E.g: - The mountain villages seem to be permanently shrouded in mist. about:blank 1/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment 3.
Def: a statement about what will happen in the future, based on
information that is available now, usually relating to weather, Forecast (noun) economy or business /ˈfɔːrkæst/
-> Sự dự đoán (Dựa trên căn cứ ở hiện tại, thường dự đoán về thời tiết, cung-cầu, kinh tế)
E.g: - It is difficult to make long-term forecasts for a fast-growing industry.
- The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers.
Def: a statement that says what you think will happen; the act of making such a statement Prediction (noun)
-> Sự dự đoán (Hơi thiếu căn cứ - đoán mò, về những chuyện sẽ xảy /prɪˈdɪkʃn/ ra)
E.g: - I've learned not to make predictions about the weather.
- It's difficult to make accurate predictions about the effects on the environment. 4.
Def: The useless materials, substances or parts that are left after you
have used sth / the useless materials that was thrown away because
it’s no longer necessary or needed Waste (noun)
-> Chất thải (bị vứt đi do k còn giá trị sử dụng hoặc k còn cần thiết /weɪst/
sau một quá trình sử dụng)
E.g: - Waste water going out into the rivers was reduced by 92 per cent.
- The private sector plays a significant role in waste management.
Def: waste food, paper, etc. that you throw away / things that you
throw away because no longer useful Rubbish =
-> Rác thải (nói chung, k còn sử dụng đc nữa) Garbage (noun)
E.g: - Weeks have gone by without a rubbish collection, and the /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ /ˈɡɑːrbɪdʒ/ stench is terrible.
- He is supporting a campaign to encourage people to recycle their rubbish.
Def: small pieces of rubbish such as paper, cans and bottles, that Litter (noun)
people have left lying in a public place /ˈlɪtər/ -> Rác thải vụn
E.g: There will be fines for people who drop litter. about:blank 2/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment 5.
Def: when rain pours down or when it’s pouring (with) rain, rain is Pour (verb)
falling heavily (Rains like cats and dogs) / raing heavily /pɔːr/ -> Mưa như trút nước
E.g: - You’d better take an umbrella – it’s pouring out there.
- The thunder and lightning stopped, but it continued to pour
Def: when it is drizzling, it is raining lightly Drizzle (verb) -> Mưa phùn /ˈdrɪzl/
E.g: - It was drizzling outside.
- When they left it was beginning to drizzle.
Def: if a place foods or something foods it, it becomes filled or Flood (verb) covered with water /fʌd/ -> Ngập lụt
E.g: - He station was fooded with water and mud following heavy rain. Shower (verb)
Def: a brief rain, or a light fall of snow / raining heavily in a brief time /ˈʃaʊər/ -> Mưa rào (ngắn) 6. Environment
Def: the natural world in which people, animals and plants live Surroundings
Def: A place and all things in it /səˈraʊndɪŋz/
-> Khu vực sống xung quanh
Note: Environment = Surroundings (Oxford) about:blank 3/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment 7.
Def: a natural or artificial lake for storing liquid, in order to provide
water for a city, factory or other area Reservoir (noun)
-> Hồ (chứa-dùng để dự trữ nước) /ˈrezərvwɑːr/
E.g: - The water content of the country's reservoirs had fallen to less than 50% of their capacity.
- They got up early and went for a swim in the reservoir. Lake
Def: a large natural area of water that is surrounded by land -> Hồ tự nhiên Puddle (noun)
Def: a small amount of water or other liquid in one/particular place /ˈpʌdl/
on the ground which has collected after raining
-> Vũng nước (đọng lại sau mưa…) Pond (noun)
Def: an area of water smaller than a lake, often artificially made /pɑːnd/
-> Hồ nhân tạo (Nhỏ hơn lake) 8. Plain (noun) Def: a large area of fat land /pleɪn/ -> Đồng bằng
Def: the surface of the earth that is not sea -> Đất đai
E.g: - It's impossible to reach this beach by land because of the high Land (noun) cliffs.
- We can organize air transport, land transport and all accommodation for your trip.
Def: an area of land in the country used for growing crops or keeping Field (noun)
animals in, usually surrounded by a fence, etc. /fiːld/ -> Cánh đồng Desert (noun)
Def: a large area of land that has very little water and very few /ˈdezərt/
plants growing on it. Many deserts are covered by sand. -> Sa mạc about:blank 4/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment 9.
Def: relating to the whole world Global (adj)
-> Toàn cầu (Ảnh hưởng trên TOÀN thế giới – 100%) /ˈɡləʊ.bəl/
E.g: - This year the global economy will grow by about 4 per cent.
- A global network of 64 national, regional and international organizations
Def: existing or happening in all parts of the world Worldwide (adj)
-> Trên toàn Thế giới (80-90%) /ˌwɜːrldˈwaɪd/
E.g: - The drug is worth $3.8bn a year in worldwide sales.
- He estimates current worldwide demand at only 2,000 vehicles a year.
Basically, Global is same as worldwide. However, Global has a nature which is more scientific
and formal than worldwide (usually in speaking conversation) 10. Extinct (adj)
Def: (of a type of plant, animal, etc.) no longer in existence /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ -> Tuyệt chủng Endangered (adj)
Def: (used especially about groups of animals, plants, etc.) at risk of /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd/ no longer existing
-> Bị đe dọa/có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng 11. Thunder (noun)
Def: the loud noise that you hear after a fash of lightning, during a /ˈθʌndər/ storm -> Sấm Lightning (noun)
Def: a fash, or several fashes, of very bright light in the sky caused /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/
by electricity / a fash or several fashes of electricity which is bright in the sky -> Sét about:blank 5/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment 2. PHRASAL VERBS Phrases Meanings Def: Need/require/demand sth Call for
-> Yêu cầu/đòi hỏi sth
E.g: - The situation calls for prompt action.
- ‘I've been promoted.’ ‘This calls for a celebration!’ Def: Cancel -> Hủy bỏ Call off
E.g: - They have called off their engagement (= decided not to get married).
- The game was called off because of bad weather.
Def: (of the weather) to become fine or bright Clear up
-> Quang đãng/trong xanh hơn
E.g: I hope it clears up this afternoon.
Def (1): Stop the supply of sth -> Ngừng cung cấp
Def (2): to prevent somebody/something from leaving or reaching a
place or communicating with people outside a place
-> Cô lập/cách ly ( often passive ) -> Syn: Isolate
E.g: - He army was cut off from its base. Cut off
- She feels very cut off living in the country.
- He cut himself off from all human contact.
Def (3): Disconnect / to interrupt somebody who is speaking on the
phone by breaking the connection
-> Ngắt kết nối/mất liên lạc ( often passive )
E.g: - I was talking to Gordon on the phone when we were suddenly cut off
- We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.
Def: To become gradually less strong, loud, easy to notice, etc. Die down -> Dịu đi, nhẹ đi
E.g: - The fames finally died down.
- When the applause had died down, she began her speech.
Def: to repair and decorate a building so that it looks attractive Do up -> Tân trang lại
E.g: - I'd like to buy a run-down house and do it up.
- He makes money by buying old houses and doing them up.
Def: to accept and deal with something that is difficult or unpleasant about:blank 6/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment Face up to -> Đối mặt với
E.g: - She had to face up to the fact that she would never walk again.
- You have to face up to your responsibilities.
Def: (informal) Make sb feel sad or lose hope Get sb down
-> Làm cho sb cảm thấy buồn/mất hy vọng/thất vọng
E.g: - Don’t let it get you down too much.
- This rainy weather really gets me down
Def: to consider that something is caused by something Put sth down to sth
-> Cho rằng (sth là nguyên nhân của…) Syn: Attribute
E.g: - What do you put her success down to?
Def: Make sth stop burning/light Put out
-> Dập (lửa, ánh sáng…)
E.g: - Firefighters soon put the fire out.
- Did you put the lights out downstairs?
Def: When something unpleasant sets in, it begins and seems likely to continue in a serious way Set in
-> Bắt đầu nghiêm trọng
E.g: - This rain looks as if it has set in for the rest of the day.
- If you get bitten by a dog, you have to make sure the wound
is cleaned well, or an infection could set in.
Def (1): To be an abbreviation or symbol of something -> Viết tắt của
E.g: GMT stands for Greenwich Mean Time
Def (2): If you will not stand for something, you will not accept a Stand for
situation or a particular type of behaviour
-> Chịu đựng, nhẫn nhịn, tha thứ
-> Syn: Put up with, accept, endure, tolerate…
E.g: - I wouldn't stand for that sort of behaviour from him, if I were you.
- I wouldn’t stand for it if someone spoke that rudely to me
Def: to pull or knock down a building, wall, etc. -> Phá hủy, loại bỏ
-> Syn: Demolish, destroy,… Tear down
E.g: - They’re tearing down these old houses to build a new office block.
- That beautiful old building was torn down to make way for a new supermarket Def: Get rid of/discard Throw away -> Ném đi, bỏ đi about:blank 7/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment
3. PHRASES AND COLLOCATIONS Main Words Phrases and Collocations - Lose control of sth
-> Mất kiểm soát sth (quyền quản lý, cảm xúc, khả năng,…)
E.g: - He felt he was losing control of events.
- Be/get/go/run… out of control
-> Trở nên mất kiểm soát
E.g: - The children are completely out of
control since their father left.
- The car skidded and went out of
control, crashing into an oncoming truck. - Take control of sth
-> (Thực hiện) kiểm soát sth
E.g: - The dictator took control of the country in 1933. tttttttttttt - Have control of sth
-> Có quyền kiểm soát sth Control - Be in control of sth -> to direct or manage an
organization, an area or a situation / to be
able to organize your life well and keep calm
-> Trong tầm kiểm soát/kiểm soát sth
E.g: - He's reached retiring age, but he's still firmly in control.
- There has been some violence after
the match, but the police are now in control of the situation.
- In spite of all her family problems, she's really in control. - Be under control of sth
-> To be being dealt with successfully
-> Dưới quyền kiểm soát
E.g: Don't worry—everything's under control! about:blank 8/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment
- Take effect (C2) >< Wear off
-> to start to produce the results that are intended
-> Có ảnh hưởng/hiệu lực Effect
E.g: - The aspirins soon take effect.
- The medicine started to take effect after a few minutes.
- The new law takes effect from tomorrow. - In the end
-> after a long period of time or
series of events / after everything has been considered
-> Đến cuối cùng, rốt cuộc
E.g: - He tried various jobs and in the end became an accountant.
- You can try your best to impress the
interviewers but in the end it's often just a question of luck. - Be at the end of sth
-> Kết thúc /hết/tận cùng của E.g: - I'm . at the end of my patience
- They are at the end of their food supply. End
- Come to an end = finish/run out of/wear off
-> Đến giai đoạn kết thúc/ hết tác
dụng (mang cả nghĩa pos lẫn neg)
E.g: - His career as an international referee is coming to an end
- Their courage had come to an end - Come to/reach the end of
-> Đi đến hồi kết của sth/ sth hết tác dụng…
E.g: - It is a policy that has clearly come to the end of its usefulness
- We have said that we think that the
Barnett formula is coming to the end of its life. about:blank 9/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment - On the foor -> Ở trên sàn nhà
E.g: The body was lying on the kitchen foor. Floor - On the … foor -> Ở tầng…
E.g: - Her office is on the second foor.
- A cafe on the ground/first foor - Make a fuss about
-> anger or complaints about
something, especially something that is not important
-> Làm ầm lên về/vì…
E.g: - I'm sorry for making such a fuss about the noise.
- She made a big fuss about not having Fuss /fʌs/ a window seat on the plane. - Cause a fuss about
-> Gây ra sự âm ĩ về
E.g: - Slowly she recovered but, not wishing
to cause a fuss, the nurse disappeared
without ever actually talking to her charge.
- She didn't report him at the time
because she was only a junior reporter and didn't want to cause a fuss. - Take a long time to do
-> Tốn một thời gian dài vể…
- Long to do = want to do very much (C2)
-> # Be desperate to do sth (neg) Long E.g: - She him again. longed to see - Long for sb/sth (to do) (C2) -> Mong sb/sth làm gì
E.g: - He longed for Pat to phone.
- I'm longing for news of him.
- Take/Have a look at = look at -> Nhìn vào about:blank 10/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment Look - Look for sth -> Try to find sth - Make a mess (of sth)
-> do (something) very badly and ineptly (vụng về)
-> Làm/thực hiện một mớ hỗn độn (trong việc…)
E.g: - Leaders made a mess of dealing with the aftermath
- He ends up making a mess of the Mess story
- The kids made a mess in the bathroom.. - In a mess
-> Sth is in an untidy state
-> (Trong tình trạng) bừa bộn
E.g: - Jem's house is always in a mess. - The room was in a mess. - Have responsibility for -> to be in a position of
authority over someone and to have a duty
to make certain that particular things are done -> Có trách nhiệm về
E.g: - Who has responsibility here? Responsibility
- Jenny, you have responsibility for
collecting up the books after the class.
- Take responsibility for = bear responsibility -> Be responsible for
-> Nhận trách nhiệm về - Take/have a shower -> Tắm - A rain shower
-> A (heavy) rain that occurs in Shower a short period of time -> Mưa rào - A light/heavy shower of rain
-> A (light/heavy) rain that
occurs in a short period of time -> Mưa rào nhỏ/lớn - Catch sight of -> Glimpse sth/Catch a
glimpse of sth/ See sth for a moment -> Thoáng thấy
E.g: - She caught sight of a car in the about:blank 11/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment distance. - Lose sight of -> No longer see sth
-> Mất dấu/không còn nhìn thấy nữa
E.g: - I caught sight of (= saw for a
moment) my former teacher while I was out
shopping today, but she turned a corner Sight
and I lost sight of (= could no longer see) her. - In sight of sth
-> Theo hướng nhìn…/ trong
tầm nhìn…/có thể nhìn thấy đc…
E.g: - That manse, in sight of the sea, was also
raided at seven o'clock on Wednesday 27 February.
- I had to keep the wingtip in sight of the
ground to avoid getting disorientated.
- After the terror of the past twenty-four
hours he was safe for the moment and in sight of victory.
- They probably thought they'd chosen a
good place because it was near the bar and in sight of the dance foor.
- At first sight: Trong/ từ cái nhìn đầu tiên - A waste of time
-> a situation in which it is not
worth spending time, money, etc. on
something / a situation when you spend
time which is not worth spending
-> Sự lãng phí thời gian Waste
E.g: - These meetings are a complete waste of time. - Industrial waste
-> Chất thải công nghiệp - Household waste
-> Chất thải sinh hoạt
- Under the weather (C2 – informal)
-> if you are or feel under the
weather, you feel slightly ill and not as well Weather as usual
-> Cảm thấy không khỏe
E.g: - I'm feeling a bit under the weather - I think I'm getting a cold.
- All over the world = Throughout the world ~ Worldwide
-> Khắp thế giới (1 số nơi có,
1 số nơi thì ko, đa phần là có)
E.g: - She has been all over the world.
- Their products are sold throughout the world. World about:blank 12/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment - The whole world
-> Trên toàn thế giới - In the world
-> Trên khắp thế giới - World record /ˈrekərd/ -> Kỉ lục thế giới 4. Word form 
Endanger sb/sth (v) Gây nguy hiểm đến… (~Threaten)
-> o put somebody/something in a situation in which they could be harmed or damaged
E.g: - The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes.
- That one mistake seriously endangered the future of the company. 
Endangered (adj) Bị đe dọa
-> (used especially about groups of animals, plants, etc.) at risk of no longer existing
E.g: - The sea turtle is an endangered species .
- 14% of primate species are highly endangered.
- These orang-utans are critically endangered due to habitat loss. 
Environmentalist (n) Nhà môi trường học
-> a person who is interested in the natural environment and wants to improve and protect it 
Extremity (n) Cực/tận cùng (Countable) about:blank 13/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment
-> the furthest point, end or limit of something + the degree to which a
situation, a feeling, an action, etc. is extreme, difficult or unusual
E.g: - The lake is situated at the eastern extremity of the mountain range.
- We travelled the whole distance between the two extremities of the island.
- the extremities/extremity of pain 
Extremist (n) Người cực đoan
-> a person whose opinions, especially about religion or politics, are extreme,
and who may do things that are violent or illegal for what they believe / a
person who have violent or illegal opinions about religion or politics
E.g: - He was assassinated (bị ám sát - /əˈsæsɪneɪt/) by extremists. 
Greatness (n) Sự vĩ đại, to lớn
-> the quality of being extremely good in ability or quality and therefore
admired by many people + the fact of having high status or a lot of infuence
E.g: - He was made into a symbol of national greatness.
- Napoleon promised to restore France to its former greatness. 
Greatly (formal+B2) = Very much: Usually use before verb or participle
E.g: - People's reaction to the film has varied greatly. - a greatly increased risk
- Your help would be greatly appreciated.
- The reports were greatly exaggerated.  Harmless (adj) Vô hại
-> harmless (to somebody/something) unable or unlikely to cause damage or harm
E.g: - The bacteria is harmless to humans.
Compare: Unharmed (adj) Không gây tổn hại
-> not injured or damaged; not harmed
E.g: - All eight climbers were rescued unharmed.
- He was released unharmed after being held hostage for three weeks.
- The girl managed to escape unharmed.  Neighbour (n) Hàng xóm
-> a person who lives next to you or near you 
Neighbourhood (n) Khu phố/khu dân cư
-> a district or an area of a town; the people who live there
E.g: - We grew up in the same neighbourhood.
- Manhattan is divided into distinct neighborhoods. 
Neighbouring (adj) Kế bên (~Adjacent: Next to sth)
-> located or living near or next to a place or person E.g: - a neighbouring house - neighbouring towns about:blank 14/15 00:03 1/8/24
English Destination 24 Weather and Environment - a neighbouring farmer  Residence (1) (n) Dinh thự
-> a house, especially a large or impressive one
E.g: - a desirable family residence for sale (= for example, in an advertisement)
- 10 Downing Street is the British Prime Minister’s official residence. 
Residence (2) (n) (Sự) cự trú
-> the state of living in a particular place
E.g: - They were not able to take up residence in their new home until the spring.
- Please state your occupation and place of residence. 
Residential (adj) Thuộc về khu dân cư
-> (of an area of a town) suitable for living in; consisting of houses rather than factories or offices
E.g: - a quiet residential area  Resident (n) Cư dân
-> a person who lives or has their home in a place 
Sunny (adj) Có nhiều nắng/ánh mặt trời
-> with a lot of bright light from the sun 
Developer (n) Nhà phát triển
-> a person or a company that designs and creates new products E.g: - a software developer
- Canada has emerged as the world's leading developer of hit board games. about:blank 15/15