Finalgeo - PHSCARs for all student who are paticipating in the lecture - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Sen

1. Why does income increase make servi
ces develop? (Tại sao thu nhập tăng làm cho dịch vụ phát triển?)
→ Forces driving the growth of service.
→ When income increases, the demand will increase as people are now able to afford more kinds
of service. For example, their demand for healthcare could increase since when people have more
money, they start paying attention to their health. Another example could be education service.
Parents with high income tend to send their kids to more prestigious schools regardless of tuition
fee. They might also hire qualified teaching assistants to help their kids study, or send their
children to extra classes in order to gain higher scores.
The relationship between income increases and the development of services is a complex one, but there
are several key reasons why higher income levels often lead to the growth and expansion of services: 1.
Rising disposable income: When people's incomes increase, they generally have more money to
spend on discretionary items and services. This increased disposable income creates a greater demand for
services such as entertainment, dining out, travel, healthcare, education, personal care, and other leisure activities.
(Thu nhập khả dụng tăng: Khi thu nhập của mọi người tăng lên, họ thường có nhiều tiền hơn để chi tiêu
cho các mặt hàng và dịch vụ tùy ý. Thu nhập khả dụng tăng lên này tạo ra nhu cầu lớn hơn đối với các
dịch vụ như giải trí, ăn tối, du lịch, chăm sóc sức khỏe, giáo dục, chăm sóc cá nhân và các hoạt động giải trí khác.) 2.
Changing consumption patterns: As income levels rise, people's preferences and consumption
patterns tend to shift. They start seeking more convenience, comfort, and specialized services. This leads
to the emergence and growth of various service sectors, such as hospitality, tourism, financial services,
professional services, healthcare, and entertainment.
(Thay đổi mô hình tiêu dùng: Khi mức thu nhập tăng lên, sở thích và mô hình tiêu dùng của mọi người có
xu hướng thay đổi. Họ bắt đầu tìm kiếm các dịch vụ tiện lợi, thoải mái và chuyên biệt hơn. Điều này dẫn
đến sự xuất hiện và tăng trưởng của các lĩnh vực dịch vụ khác nhau, chẳng hạn như khách sạn, du lịch,
dịch vụ tài chính, dịch vụ chuyên nghiệp, chăm sóc sức khỏe và giải trí.) 3.
Increased demand for specialized services: Higher income levels often result in increased demand
for specialized services that cater to specific needs or preferences. For example, wealthier individuals
may seek personalized financial planning services, luxury goods and services, high-end healthcare,
exclusive travel experiences, and other niche services.
(Tăng nhu cầu đối với các dịch vụ chuyên biệt: Mức thu nhập cao hơn thường dẫn đến tăng nhu cầu đối
với các dịch vụ chuyên biệt phục vụ cho các nhu cầu hoặc sở thích cụ thể. Ví dụ: những cá nhân giàu có
hơn có thể tìm kiếm các dịch vụ lập kế hoạch tài chính được cá nhân hóa, hàng hóa và dịch vụ xa xỉ, dịch
vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe cao cấp, trải nghiệm du lịch độc quyền và các dịch vụ thích hợp khác.) 4.
Technological advancements: Economic growth and increased income levels are often
accompanied by technological advancements. These advancements facilitate the delivery and accessibility
of services. For instance, improvements in communication technology have led to the rise of online
services, e-commerce, digital entertainment platforms, and telemedicine, making services more accessible
and convenient for a wider population.
(Tiến bộ công nghệ: Tăng trưởng kinh tế và tăng mức thu nhập thường đi kèm với tiến bộ công nghệ.
Những tiến bộ này tạo thuận lợi cho việc cung cấp và khả năng tiếp cận các dịch vụ. Ví dụ, những cải tiến
trong công nghệ truyền thông đã dẫn đến sự gia tăng của các dịch vụ trực tuyến, thương mại điện tử, nền
tảng giải trí kỹ thuật số và y tế từ xa, giúp các dịch vụ trở nên dễ tiếp cận và thuận tiện hơn cho nhiều người dân hơn.) 5.
Urbanization and changing lifestyles: As economies grow and incomes rise, urbanization tends to
occur, and people's lifestyles change. Urban areas generally have higher incomes and offer a wider range
of services to meet the needs of the growing population. This includes services like transportation,
infrastructure, utilities, healthcare facilities, educational institutions, recreational facilities, and more.
(Đô thị hóa và thay đổi lối sống: Khi nền kinh tế phát triển và thu nhập tăng lên, quá trình đô thị hóa có
xu hướng diễn ra và lối sống của người dân thay đổi. Các khu vực đô thị thường có thu nhập cao hơn và
cung cấp nhiều loại dịch vụ hơn để đáp ứng nhu cầu của dân số ngày càng tăng. Điều này bao gồm các
dịch vụ như vận chuyển, cơ sở hạ tầng, tiện ích, cơ sở chăm sóc sức khỏe, cơ sở giáo dục, cơ sở giải trí, v.v.)
It's important to note that the relationship between income and services development is not always linear
or uniform across countries or regions. Factors such as government policies, economic structure, cultural
norms, and institutional frameworks can also influence the relationship between income growth and service sector development.
2. Case study about W
al–Mart and China .( Nghiên cứu điển hình về W
al–Mart và Trung Quốc.)
→ Benefits of Wal-Mart when outsourcing in China.( lợi ích wal-Mart khi gia công tại Trung Quốc.)
→ Benefits of China.( Lợi ích của Trung Quốc.) Case Study: Wal-Mart and China
Benefits of Wal-Mart when outsourcing in China: 1.
Cost savings: One of the primary motivations for Wal-Mart to outsource its manufacturing to
China is the cost advantage. China has traditionally offered lower labor costs compared to many other
countries, allowing Wal-Mart to produce goods at a lower cost. This cost advantage enables Wal-Mart to
offer competitive prices to its customers and maintain profitability. 2.
Access to a vast supplier base: China has a large and diverse manufacturing sector, with
numerous suppliers specializing in various product categories. By outsourcing in China, Wal-Mart gains
access to a vast supplier base, giving the company a wide range of options to source products from. This
allows Wal-Mart to diversify its supply chain and negotiate favorable terms with suppliers. 3.
Scale and efficiency: China's manufacturing industry has matured over the years, resulting in the
development of large-scale manufacturing facilities. Wal-Mart can leverage China's production
capabilities to achieve economies of scale and improve operational efficiency. The country's infrastructure
and logistics networks also support efficient transportation and distribution of goods. 4.
Flexibility and speed-to-market: China's manufacturing sector is known for its agility and quick
response to market demands. By outsourcing to China, Wal-Mart can take advantage of the country's
ability to rapidly adapt to changes in production requirements, launch new products, and meet tight
timelines. This flexibility helps Wal-Mart stay competitive in a dynamic retail environment. Benefits of China: 1.
Abundant labor force: China has a vast labor force, which provides a significant advantage in
terms of production capacity. This large labor pool allows for efficient scaling of manufacturing
operations and the ability to meet the demand of global retailers like Wal-Mart. 2.
Manufacturing expertise: China has developed considerable expertise in manufacturing processes
and techniques across various industries. The country's skilled workforce, technical knowledge, and
experience in mass production contribute to the high-quality output and efficient production methods. 3.
Infrastructure and logistics: China has made substantial investments in infrastructure
development, including transportation networks, ports, and industrial zones. This infrastructure supports
the movement of goods domestically and internationally, facilitating the smooth flow of products from
factories to distribution centers and ultimately to Wal-Mart stores worldwide. 4.
Market potential: China's large population presents a significant market opportunity for Wal-
Mart. By outsourcing in China, Wal-Mart establishes a presence in the country and gains access to the
growing consumer market. This can lead to increased sales and market share for the company. 5.
Learning and innovation: By operating in China, Wal-Mart can tap into the country's culture of
innovation and technological advancements. China has become a hub for research and development in
various industries, including manufacturing. Wal-Mart can benefit from collaborations with Chinese
partners, access to new technologies, and exposure to innovative practices.
It's important to note that while there are benefits to Wal-Mart and China from their outsourcing
relationship, there have also been discussions and criticisms related to labor conditions, environmental
impacts, and the impact on local businesses. These aspects require careful consideration and management
to ensure sustainable and responsible business practices. 3. What does V
ietnam do to apply space shrinking technology ?( Việt Nam làm gì để áp dụng công nghệ thu nhỏ không gian?) a. Transportation technology:
Creating a solid foundation for future investment in the construction of a
synchronized and efficient transportation infrastructure system.
Developing, expanding, and upgrading the seaport system and river port to make
ocean transportation one of the primary transport lines.
Giving special attention to the growth of ocean shipping, North–South sea
transport, and inland waterways. Building deep–water seaport.
Maintaining the existing National Highway 1A and North–South Railway. b. Communication technology:
Focusing on providing digital infrastructure and services such as digital services,
fiber optic infrastructure, digital payment, and cloud services.
Increasing the number of satellites in orbit to increase the value of GPS and the Internet.
Increasing and protecting the quality of the fiber optic system.
Applying 5G in big cities such as HCMC, Ha Noi, Da Nang.
Vietnam has been proactively implementing various strategies and technologies to effectively utilize
limited space and address the challenges of urbanization. One approach the country has taken is the
promotion of high-rise buildings and vertical construction. By constructing tall structures, Vietnam
maximizes land utilization and reduces the footprint of buildings, allowing for a higher population density
in urban areas. This vertical development strategy helps accommodate the increasing demand for housing,
commercial spaces, and infrastructure without encroaching on valuable land resources.
In addition to vertical construction, Vietnam has embraced compact urban planning principles. The
government encourages the development of mixed-use areas where residential, commercial, and
recreational spaces are integrated into one compact neighborhood. This approach reduces the need for
long commutes and optimizes the utilization of space by creating walkable communities where essential
amenities are within easy reach. By promoting compact urban planning, Vietnam aims to create vibrant
and sustainable urban environments that foster social interaction and enhance the quality of life for its residents.
Furthermore, Vietnam has been investing in smart infrastructure solutions to enhance space efficiency.
This includes the implementation of intelligent transportation systems to improve traffic flow and reduce
congestion, thus maximizing the capacity of existing road networks. The country has also focused on
digital connectivity, ensuring widespread access to high-speed internet and enabling virtual
communication and remote working opportunities. By leveraging technology, Vietnam aims to create
smart cities that efficiently manage resources, monitor energy consumption, and enhance the overall quality of urban life.
To support these initiatives, the Vietnamese government has implemented policies and regulations that
promote sustainable and space-efficient development. They have established guidelines for urban
planning that emphasize the importance of compactness, green spaces, and the preservation of natural
resources. Additionally, the government encourages public-private partnerships to facilitate investment in
infrastructure and urban development projects.
In conclusion, Vietnam is actively applying space shrinking technology to optimize land utilization and
manage urbanization challenges. Through vertical construction, compact urban planning, and the adoption
of smart infrastructure solutions, the country strives to create sustainable, livable, and vibrant urban
environments. These efforts demonstrate Vietnam's commitment to effective space management and its
determination to accommodate the needs of a growing population while preserving valuable land resources.
4. Service outsourcing: Benefits and drawbacks?
(Thuê ngoài dịch vụ: Lợi và hại?) a. Benefits:
Expenses advantages: Jobs can be completed more effectively and for less money. The same type
of work that is done elsewhere can be done in India for a much lower price due to the difference
in salaries between western nations and Asia → Example.: a company can hire an IT company in
India to develop software at a lower cost than using domestic resources.
Increased efficiency and productivity: If the company can find an experienced outsourcing
partner which has years of experience in the field and expertise in delivering complex outsourcing
projects… As a result, the process becomes more productive and efficient → Example. : a phone
company might hire a professional electronic component manufacturer to improve production
efficiency and product quality.
Focus on core areas: Since outsourcing partners will handle other steps in the business process,
companies are now having more energy and time to pay special attention to the main purpose and
areas → Example.: an e-commerce company can hire a professional carrier to manage the
delivery process and focus on growing its e-commerce platform.
Faster and better service for customers: When companies share the workload of a project for their
outsourcing partners… → Example.: a customer service company might hire a professional call
center to provide ongoing customer support and enhance the customer experience.
Access to skilled resources → Example.: a graphic design company can hire a professional video
production company to create high quality promotional videos and attract target customers.
Reduction in staff issues → Example: After the pandemic COVID–19, many companies face the
reality that they do not have enough staff to handle all the work in the company, but the
company's budget must be cut as much as possible. Outsourcing could solve this problem.
The creation of higher skill jobs involving better pay, training and transferable skills and
associated infrastructure investment that can contribute to further local jobs. EX: when a medical
company hires a pharmaceutical research and development company, it not only creates jobs for
medical scientists and engineers, but affects both the medical and economic ecosystems. local economy. b. Drawbacks:
Loss of control: A firm that outsources an activity might lose control over the process and runs
the risk of the activity not conforming to the company’s values and methods → Example.: if a
company transfers production processes to a foreign manufacturer that does not guarantee quality,
the company may experience problems with product quality and its reputation.
Security risks: This can affect data and confidential information protection since outsourcing
partners have the right access to an amount of data of the company → Example.: When a
company hires a cloud service provider to store important data, there is a risk of information
being compromised or leaked if the security system is not trusted.
Reputation risks: Unfortunately, not all outsourcing partners are qualified and the final products
can be badly conducted by the partners. However, the company is the one who takes
responsibility for the quality. EX: if a company hires an unreliable software developer, it could
lead to software bugs, glitches, or security breaches.
Lack of consistency → Example.: when a company hires different service providers to manage its
IT systems, it can be difficult to ensure process and system consistency.
Less flexibility → Example.: if a company hires an accounting service provider, it may have
difficulty tailoring its accounting process to the specific requirements of the company.
Service outsourcing, the practice of contracting tasks or processes to external service providers, offers
both benefits and drawbacks to businesses. One significant advantage of service outsourcing is cost
savings. By outsourcing non-core functions or tasks to specialized service providers, companies can
reduce overhead costs associated with hiring and training in-house staff, as well as expenses related to
maintaining infrastructure and equipment. Additionally, outsourcing allows businesses to access a global
talent pool, tapping into specialized skills and expertise that may not be available internally. This can
result in improved quality and efficiency of services provided. Moreover, outsourcing provides flexibility
and scalability, as companies can easily adjust the level of outsourced services based on their needs,
allowing them to focus on core competencies and strategic goals. However, there are also drawbacks to
consider. One key concern is the potential loss of control over outsourced functions. Businesses must
carefully manage their relationships with service providers to ensure effective communication, adherence
to quality standards, and protection of sensitive data. Cultural and language differences may also pose
challenges in outsourcing relationships, impacting effective collaboration and understanding.
Furthermore, there can be risks associated with data security and intellectual property protection when
sharing sensitive information with external parties. Additionally, if the outsourcing arrangement is not
well-planned or executed, there is a possibility of service disruptions, delays, or quality issues, which can
negatively impact a company's operations and reputation. Therefore, businesses need to carefully evaluate
the benefits and drawbacks before deciding to outsource services, considering factors such as cost
savings, quality control, security measures, and the overall alignment with their strategic objectives.
5. Limits to service export growth in the semi–p
eriphery and periphery ? (Giới hạn tăng trưởng
xuất khẩu dịch vụ ở bán ngoại vi và ngoại vi?)
a. Technology and infrastructure:
Not all data can be converted to digital form for use by computer and made amenable to
outsourcing. For example: handwritten or paper-based records
Limited infrastructure such as telecommunications, reliable power sources, and
financial services and distribution logistics can actually limit the service export growth.
An example is that many countries are still not linked into the telecommunication network… b. Education and training:
A barrier is a lack of education and training. For instance, it will be very
challenging for a country’s labor force to learn and work if they do not speak English fluently…
Moreover, in order to lower the cost of training, many businesses require
qualified and experienced staff… Example: India.
c. Government regulation and policies:
The development of export services may be constrained by the legal and
regulatory environment in industrialized nations.
A competitive regulatory framework is required in order to promote competition among service providers. d. Co–operate strategies:
Any evaluation of the possibilities for service outsourcing must take
organizational constraints and business strategies into account.
For instance, when processing confidential information, the cost of transactions
may rise and the viability of outsourcing may be constrained.
The semi-periphery and periphery regions face various limits to service export growth, which can hinder
their economic development and integration into the global economy. These limits arise due to a
combination of internal and external factors that create challenges for these regions in expanding their service exports.
One key limit is the lack of developed infrastructure and technological capabilities. The semi-periphery
and periphery regions often have limited access to advanced technologies and communication networks,
which are essential for delivering services globally. Without adequate infrastructure, it becomes difficult
for these regions to compete with more developed countries in providing high-quality and efficient
services. Additionally, the lack of skilled labor and expertise in emerging service sectors further hampers
their ability to export services competitively.
Another significant limit is the presence of trade barriers and protectionist policies in many countries. The
developed nations often impose restrictions on service imports to safeguard their domestic industries and
preserve employment opportunities. These barriers include strict licensing requirements, regulatory
hurdles, and discriminatory practices, making it challenging for service providers from the semi-periphery
and periphery to access foreign markets. Moreover, the complex and lengthy procedures involved in
complying with trade regulations can increase transaction costs and deter service exporters from
expanding their operations abroad.
Furthermore, the limited market size and purchasing power in the semi-periphery and periphery regions
can act as a constraint on service export growth. With lower levels of income and consumption, there may
be a limited demand for certain types of services, especially those that are more sophisticated or
specialized. The lack of domestic demand, coupled with weak infrastructure and limited technological
capabilities, makes it difficult for service providers in these regions to scale up and attract international clients.
Political and social instability also pose significant challenges to service export growth in the semi-
periphery and periphery. Political conflicts, corruption, and weak institutions can undermine the business
environment and erode investor confidence. These factors create an uncertain operating environment,
which discourages foreign investment and limits the growth of service exports.
In conclusion, the semi-periphery and periphery regions face several limits to service export growth,
including inadequate infrastructure, trade barriers, limited market size, and political instability.
Overcoming these limits requires concerted efforts from both domestic governments and international
stakeholders to invest in infrastructure development, enhance technological capabilities, address trade
barriers, and promote political stability. By addressing these challenges, these regions can unlock their
potential for service export growth and foster economic development.
6. Why can internationalization business services be
outsourced in other/developing countries?
Explain. (Tại sao các dịch vụ kinh doanh quốc tế hóa có thể được thuê ngoài ở các nước đang
phát triển khác? Giải thích.)
Because these countries have capabilities to be outsourcing partners, even though they
are developing countries or semi—periphery nations. For example, internalization
business services can be outsourced to India because Indians can speak English in daily
life. Therefore, they can interact in English fluently.
India has a subsequent and affordable labor force since their population is nearly 2 billion at the moment…
The Philippines is a good example as well…
Secondly, jobs can be completed more effectively and for less money. The same type of
work that is done elsewhere can be done in India for a much lower price due to the
difference in salaries between western nations and Asia. For example…
Since outsourcing partners will handle other steps in the business process, companies are
now having more energy and time to pay special attention to the main purpose and areas.
When companies share the workload of a project for their outsourcing partners, it means
that they have a half of their work done, and all they have to do is finishing the other half.
This could result in better and faster service for customers.
International businesses often choose to outsource their services to other developing
countries due to several reasons. First and foremost, cost savings play a significant role in
this decision-making process. Developing countries generally have lower labor costs
compared to developed nations, making it financially attractive for businesses to
outsource their services. This cost advantage allows companies to access skilled labor at a
fraction of the cost they would incur in their home countries, resulting in substantial
savings in operational expenses.
Additionally, outsourcing services to other countries provides access to a larger talent
pool. Developing countries often have a substantial number of well-educated and skilled
professionals who are eager to work in the global marketplace. These countries have
invested in their educational systems and vocational training programs to produce a
workforce capable of meeting the demands of international businesses. By tapping into
this talent pool, companies can benefit from a diverse range of skills and expertise,
enabling them to expand their service offerings and enhance their competitiveness.
Outsourcing services to other countries also allows businesses to take advantage of time
zone differences. By partnering with service providers in different time zones, companies
can maintain round-the-clock operations and provide uninterrupted services to their
customers. This flexibility is particularly beneficial for industries such as customer
support, IT support, and software development, where 24/7 availability is essential.
Furthermore, internationalization of business services through outsourcing provides
companies with the opportunity to enter new markets and expand their global presence.
By establishing partnerships or subsidiaries in developing countries, businesses can gain
local insights, access new customer bases, and navigate the complexities of foreign
markets more effectively. This can lead to increased market share, revenue growth, and a
competitive edge in the global marketplace.
However, it is essential to consider potential challenges when outsourcing services to
other countries. These include cultural and language barriers, differences in business
practices, legal and regulatory frameworks, and data security concerns. Companies must
carefully evaluate these factors and establish robust communication channels, contracts,
and data protection measures to ensure a successful outsourcing partnership.
In summary, international businesses outsource their services to other developing
countries due to cost advantages, access to a larger talent pool, leveraging time zone
differences, and expanding into new markets. While there are challenges associated with
outsourcing, strategic planning, effective communication, and risk management can help
companies maximize the benefits of internationalizing their business services.
7. When the internationalization of retailing increases
, what kinds of other services grow up?
When companies decide to internationalize their operations, they would like to consider
new foreign markets in order to maintain sales and profit. Therefore, if the internalization
of retailing increases, e–shopping would be likely to grow as well.
Online shopping could help targeted consumers in foreign markets buy things they want
with a cheap price in an easier and more time–saving way.
Since major companies like Wal–Mart and Amazon want to use their supply chain service
to compete with their rivals, logistical and supply chain services may also increase. An
example for this is Wal–Mart. They build more warehouses in these countries so that they
can satisfy customers’ demand in these countries as quickly as possible. Moreover, they
implemented technology and information systems to manage inventory.
The growing internalization of retailing might be useful in marketing services. These
brands might not be well known in foreign markets. As a result, marketing is crucial to
increasing brand recognition. As an illustration, Amazon used numerous promotions in
overseas regions to target their most important clients. Customers who had previously
purchased any products from Amazon might receive discounts.
8. What kind of service and part of services do the indus
trialized countries want to deliver or be
willing to deliver to the outsourced countries? Explain.( Loại dịch vụ và một phần dịch vụ nào
mà các nước công nghiệp phát triển muốn cung cấp hoặc sẵn sàng cung cấp cho các nước thuê ngoài? Giải thích.)
Business process outsourcing, also known as BPO, services, namely: o Offshore banking. o Call centers. o Computer network support. o Legal services. o Accounting and procurement. o Software development. o
Research and development (R&D).
Firstly, conducting these services in less developed nations, like India or the Philippines,
can be substantially less expensive. They have a lot of labor, but not enough jobs for all
of them, therefore they have cheap, readily accessible workers.
Secondly, these services are not what these businesses do best. For instance, market
leaders and large corporations like Apple or Wal–Mart might wish to contract out other
services like call centers, legal services, accounting, engineering services, or computer
network support. Companies do not want to invest a lot of resources and time in tackling
these issues because they are not their primary concern. Instead, they could hire someone
else to do it for them who would charge less and have more experience.
Finally, some nations have specialists in each industry. For example, India is famous
around the world for having highly qualified workers in the technology sector,
particularly in computer engineering or data engineering. Leading businesses would
therefore be more likely to deliver their technological services to India in order to achieve the greatest results.
Industrialized countries are often willing to deliver a wide range of services to outsourced countries,
leveraging their expertise, advanced technologies, and established industries. These services can vary
across different sectors, but there are several key areas where industrialized countries excel and are sought after by outsourced countries.
One prominent sector is technology and IT services. Industrialized countries have well-developed IT
infrastructure, a highly skilled workforce, and cutting-edge technologies. They can provide outsourced
countries with services such as software development, website design and development, application
maintenance, cloud computing, cybersecurity, and data analytics. These services are in high demand as
businesses across the globe strive to digitize their operations and harness the power of technology for
improved efficiency and competitiveness.
Another area where industrialized countries excel is professional and business services. This includes
services like consulting, financial and accounting services, legal services, marketing and advertising,
human resources, and logistics. Industrialized countries have established professional service providers
with deep industry knowledge, best practices, and international standards. By outsourcing these services,
businesses in outsourced countries can access specialized expertise, gain strategic insights, and enhance
their operational capabilities.
Furthermore, industrialized countries often deliver high-value knowledge-intensive services. These may
include research and development (R&D), design and innovation, engineering services, and intellectual
property services. Industrialized countries have a long history of investing in R&D and have advanced
institutions and research centers that excel in various scientific and technological domains. By
outsourcing these services, outsourced countries can tap into advanced research capabilities, leverage
innovative solutions, and accelerate their own technological progress.
Additionally, industrialized countries are also willing to deliver specialized services in sectors like
healthcare, education, tourism, and creative industries. These services require specific expertise, quality
standards, and regulatory compliance. Industrialized countries can offer medical tourism, educational
collaborations, destination marketing, and creative content creation, among other services. These sectors
often benefit from the reputation, infrastructure, and established networks of industrialized countries.
In summary, industrialized countries are willing to deliver a broad range of services to outsourced
countries, including technology and IT services, professional and business services, knowledge-intensive
services, and specialized services in sectors like healthcare, education, tourism, and creative industries.
These services leverage the strengths and expertise of industrialized countries, providing outsourced
countries with access to advanced technologies, specialized skills, best practices, and international
standards, ultimately fostering economic growth and development. QUESTION
Part I: Give one example for each of the followings:
1. Global online shopping service Amazon
Amazon is a prime example of a global online shopping service. It operates in numerous
countries and offers a wide range of products, including electronics, clothing, home goods, books,
and more. Customers can browse and purchase items online, and Amazon handles the logistics of
shipping and delivery to various locations around the world. With its vast product selection,
competitive prices, and convenient shopping experience, Amazon has become a dominant player
in the global e-commerce market.
2. Vietnam online music/entertainment service Zing MP3
Zing MP3 is a popular online music and entertainment service in Vietnam. It allows users to
stream and download music from a vast library of songs, including both local and international
tracks. Zing MP3 provides a platform for artists to promote their music, and users can create
personalized playlists, discover new music, and engage with the music community through
features like comments and recommendations. It has become one of the leading platforms for
music consumption in Vietnam, offering a convenient and accessible way for users to enjoy their
favorite songs and stay updated with the latest music trends.
3. Global online tourism service Airbnb
Airbnb is a well-known global online tourism service that connects travelers with unique
accommodation options worldwide. It allows individuals to rent out their homes, apartments, or
rooms to travelers, providing an alternative to traditional hotel stays. Through Airbnb's platform,
users can search for accommodations in various destinations, read reviews, communicate with
hosts, and book their stays. The service offers a diverse range of options, including entire homes,
private rooms, and even unique properties like treehouses or castles. Airbnb has revolutionized
the way people travel, offering more affordable and authentic experiences while promoting
cultural exchange and community engagement.
Part II: Writing question:
Please describe the benefits of outsourcing countries in global commodity chain:
Outsourcing countries in the global commodity chain can experience several benefits that contribute to
their economic growth and development. These benefits stem from their participation in various stages of
the production process, from raw material extraction to manufacturing and distribution. Here are some
key advantages of outsourcing countries in the global commodity chain:
Economic growth and employment opportunities: Participating in the global commodity chain allows
outsourcing countries to attract foreign investment and create job opportunities. As multinational