Giáo trình giảng dạy tiếng anh chuyên ngành tài chính ngân hàng | Trường Đại học Lao động - Xã hội

English for Banking & Finance
BỘ LAO ĐỘNG THƯƠNG BINH XÃ HỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC LAO DỘNG – XÃ HỘI
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ENGLISH FOR BANKING AND FINANCE
TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH TÀI CHÍNH NGÂN HÀNG
Hà Nội, tháng 11 năm 2021
University of Labour and Social Affairs / Foreign Language Faculty Page 1
English for Banking & Finance BỘ LAO ĐỘNG T
HƯƠNG BINH VÀ XÃ HỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC LAO ĐỘNG - XÃ HỘI -----*****-----
ENGLISH FOR BANKING AND FINANCE
TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH TÀI CHÍNH NGÂN HÀNG Ban biên soạn:
TS. Phan Thị Mai Hương (Chủ biên)
ThS. Trần Thị Thu Hằng (Thư ký) ThS. Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh ThS. Trương Thị Thúy
ThS. Trương Thị Tuyết Hạnh
University of Labour and Social Affairs / Foreign Language Faculty Page 2
English for Banking & Finance
Lời nói đầu
Giáo trình “Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành tài chính ngân hàng” (English for
Banking and Finance) được tổ chức biên soạn nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu mở rộng ngành
đào tạo mới và đổi mới chương trình giảng dạy của trường Đại học Lao động – Xã hội
đáp ứng yêu cầu của xã hội và người sử dụng lao động. Giáo trình này được hoàn
thành nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu cấp bách về tài liệu nghiên cứu và giảng dạy cho giảng
viên và sinh viên chuyên ngành tài chính ngân hàng của trường Đại học Lao động –
Xã hội nói riêng, và chuyên ngành kinh tế nói chung. Trong giáo trình, sinh viên được
cung cấp những ngữ liệu ngôn ngữ (tiếng Anh) thiết thực liên quan đến lĩnh vực tài
chính ngân hàng nói riêng và lĩnh vực kinh tế nói chung với những chủ đề hết sức sát
thực với thực tế chuyên môn. Đồng thời, giáo trình còn được thiết kế với nhiều loại
hình bài tập đa dạng, phong phú nhằm tạo điều kiện giúp cho sinh viên có cơ hội rèn
luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu tài liệu chuyên ngành, làm quen với kỹ thuật dịch thuật. Đặc
biệt giáo trình có nhiều dạng bài tập, bài kiểm tra, bài thi mẫu giúp cho sinh viên có
nguồn tài liệu hữu ích để ôn tập và chuẩn bị tốt cho kỳ thi kết thúc học phần. Giáo
trình không chỉ là nguồn tài liệu thiết thực cho giảng viên và sinh viên trường Đại học
Lao động – Xã hội, mà còn là nguồn tài liệu tham khảo bổ ích cho giảng viên và sinh
viên khối ngành kinh tế nói chung.
Giáo trình do các giảng viên tiếng Anh thuộc khoa Ngoại ngữ, trường đại học
Lao động – Xã hội biên soạn, gồm: TS. Phan Thị Mai Hương, trưởng khoa Ngoại ngữ
(chủ biên), ThS. Trần Thị Thu Hằng, ThS. Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh, ThS. Trương Thị
Thúy, ThS. Trương Thị Tuyết Hạnh.
Giáo trình này là kết quả của quá trình lao động khoa học nghiêm túc của
nhóm tác giả, đồng thời được sự tư vấn quý báu của các nhà chuyên môn chuyên
ngành tài chính ngân hàng. Nhóm tác giả đã cố gắng hoàn thành giáo trình với nội
dung, kết cấu hợp lý, phù hợp với quy trình đào tạo chuyên ngành tài chính ngân hàng
tại trường Đại học Lao động – Xã hội. Tuy nhiên, trong quá trình biên soạn khó có thể
tránh khỏi những thiếu sót, tập thể tác giả rất mong nhận được nhiều ý kiến đóng góp
chân thành của các nhà khoa học và bạn đọc để giáo trình được hoàn thiện hơn.
Hà Nội, tháng 11 năm 2021
TẬP THỂ TÁC GIẢ
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English for Banking & Finance TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Lời nói đầu ............................................................................................................ 3
UNIT 1: BANKING ............................................................................................ 6
I. READING COMPREHENSION ............................................................................. 6
II. GRAMMAR: Word formation .............................................................................. 16
III. WORD STUDY ................................................................................................... 26
IV. TRANSLATION.................................................................................................. 40
V. LESSON REVIEW ............................................................................................... 48
VI. MOCK TEST ....................................................................................................... 53
UNIT 2: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ....................................................... 59
I. READING COMPREHENSION ........................................................................... 59
II. GRAMMAR: Passive voice .................................................................................. 69
III. WORD STUDY ................................................................................................... 81
IV. TRANSLATION.................................................................................................. 95
V. LESSON REVIEW ............................................................................................. 105
VI. MOCK TESTS ................................................................................................... 110
UNIT 3: FINANCIAL STATEMENT .......................................................... 118
I. READING COMPREHENSION ......................................................................... 118
II. GRAMMAR: Relative clause ............................................................................. 135
III. WORD STUDY ................................................................................................. 146
IV. TRANSLATION................................................................................................ 161
V. LESSON REVIEW ............................................................................................. 173
VI. MOCK TESTS ................................................................................................... 179
MIDTERM SAMPLE TEST 1 ...................................................................... 191
MIDTERM SAMPLE TEST 2 ...................................................................... 198
MIDTERM SAMPLE TEST 3 ...................................................................... 205
UNIT 4: INVESTMENTS .............................................................................. 212
I. READING COMPREHENSION ......................................................................... 212
II. GRAMMAR: Conditional sentences ................................................................... 221
III. WORD STUDY ................................................................................................. 238
IV. TRANSLATION................................................................................................ 251
V. LESSON REVIEW ............................................................................................. 261
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VI. MOCK TEST ..................................................................................................... 265
UNIT 5: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ...................................................... 274
I. READING COMPREHENSION ......................................................................... 274
II. GRAMMAR: Inversion ....................................................................................... 285
III. WORD STUDY ................................................................................................. 297
IV. TRANSLATION................................................................................................ 315
V. LESSON REVIEW ............................................................................................. 322
VI. MOCK TESTS ................................................................................................... 327
ENDED-TERM SAMPLE TEST 1 ............................................................... 335
ENDED-TERM SAMPLE TEST 2 ............................................................... 343
ENDED-TERM SAMPLE TEST 3 ............................................................... 350
ENDED-TERM SAMPLE TEST 4 ............................................................... 357
ENDED-TERM SAMPLE TEST 5 ............................................................... 365
WORD LIST .................................................................................................... 373
REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 383
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English for Banking & Finance UNIT 1: BANKING
I. READING COMPREHENSION READING 1: BEFORE YOU READ
Work in groups of 4 or 5 and discuss the following questions:
1. Name different types of banks you know.
2. What are the roles of banks in modern life?
3. What kinds of banking services do you use? READING TEXT
BANKING, BANKS AND TYPES OF BANKS Banking
Banking is an industry that handles cash, credit, and other financial
transactions. Banking is the business activity of banks and similar institutions (Collins
English Dictionary). In simple words, banking can be defined as the business activity
of accepting and safeguarding money owned by other individuals and entities, and
then lending out this money in order to earn a profit. However, with the passage of
time, the activities covered by banking business have widened and now various other
services are also offered by banks. The banking services these days include issuance of
debit and credit cards, providing safe custody of valuable items, lockers, ATM
services and online transfer of funds across the country/ world.
History in making with striking simplicity, the birth, and evolution of banking
has many untold stories. It is narrative fascinating that banking introduced in the 14th
century in cities of Italy and the bank of England was the first to begin the permanent issue of banknotes in 1695.
In today’s progressive world, the bank sector has become the backbone of every
economy worldwide just like blood is to the veins and unique because of its formation,
staffing and extraordinary services rendered by the industry. Banking sector works in
the best interest of the country and due to their contribution in the financial stability,
banking is highly regulated in most of the country. It is well said that banking plays a
silent, yet crucial part in our day-to-day lives. The banks perform financial
intermediation by pooling savings and channelizing them into investments through
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maturity and risk transformations, thereby keeping the economy’s growth engine revving.
Banking business has done wonders for the world economy. The simple looking
method of accepting money deposits from savers and then lending the same money to
borrowers, banking activity encourages the flow of money to productive use and
investments. This in turn allows the economy to grow. In the absence of banking
business, savings would sit idle in our homes, the entrepreneurs would not be in a
position to raise the money, ordinary people dreaming for a new car or house would
not be able to purchase cars or houses.
To sum up, banking fundamentals refer to the concepts and principles relating
to the practice of banking. Banking is an industry that deals with credit facilities,
storage for cash, investments, and other financial transactions. The banking industry is
one of the key drivers of most economies because it channels funds to borrowers with productive investments. Banks
A bank is a financial institution licensed to receive deposits and make loans.
Banks may also provide financial services such as wealth management, currency
exchange, and safe deposit boxes.
Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the
economy. They often cooperate with governments in efforts to stabilize economies and
prevent inflation. They are specialists in the business of providing capital, and in
allocating funds on credit. Banks originated as places to which people took their
valuables for safe-keeping, but today the great banks of the world have many functions
in addition to acting as guardians of valuable private possessions.
Banks normally receive money from their customers in two distinct forms: on
current account and on deposit account. With a current account, a customer can issue
personal cheques. No interest is paid by the bank on this type of account. With deposit
account, however, the customer undertakes to leave his money in the bank for a
minimum specified period of time. Interest is paid on this money.
The bank in turn lends the deposited money to customers who need capital.
This activity earns interest for the bank, and this interest is almost always at a higher
rate than any interest which the bank pays to its depositors. In this way, the bank makes its main profits.
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We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as an
intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and
borrowers who wish to obtain capital. The bank is a reservoir of loanable money, with
streams of money flowing in and out. For this reason, economists and financiers often
talk of money being liquid, or of the liquidity of money. Many small sums which
might not otherwise be used as capital are rendered useful simply because the bank acts as reservoir.
The system of banking rests upon a basis of trust. Innumerable acts of trust
build up the system of which bankers, depositors and borrowers are part. They all
agree to behave in certain predictable ways in relation to each other and in relation to
the rapid fluctuations of credit and debit. Consequently, business can be done and
cheques can be written without any legal tender visibly changing hands. Types of banks
Retail banks deal specifically with retail consumers, though some global
financial services companies contain both retail and commercial banking divisions.
These banks offer services to the general public and are also called personal or general
banking institutions. Retail banks provide services such as checking and savings
accounts, loan and mortgage services, financing for automobiles, and short-term loans
like overdraft protection. Many larger retail banks also offer credit card services to
their customers, and may also supply their clients with foreign currency exchange.
Larger retail banks also often cater to high-net-worth individuals, giving them
specialty services such as private banking and wealth management. Examples of retail
banks include TD Bank and Citibank.
Commercial or corporate banks provide specialty services to their business
clients from small business owners to large, corporate entities. Along with day-to-day
business banking, these banks also provide their clients with other things such as credit
services, cash management, commercial real estate services, employer services, and
trade finance. JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America are two popular examples of
commercial banks, though both have large retail banking divisions as well.
Investment banks focus on providing corporate clients with complex services
and financial transactions such as underwriting and assisting with merger and
acquisition (M&A) activity. As such, they are known primarily as financial
intermediaries in most of these transactions. Clients commonly range from large
corporations, other financial institutions, pension funds, governments, and hedge
funds. Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs are examples of U.S. investment banks.
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Unlike the banks listed above, central banks are not market-based and don’t
deal directly with the general public. Instead, they are primarily responsible for
currency stability, controlling inflation and monetary policy, and overseeing a
country’s money supply. They also regulate the capital and reserve requirements of
member banks. Some of the world’s major central banks include the U.S. Federal
Reserve Bank, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan,
the Swiss National Bank, and the People’s Bank of China. Bank vs credit union
Credit unions vary in size from small, community-based entities to large ones
with thousands of branches across the country. Just like banks, credit unions provide
routine financial services for their clients who are generally called members. These
services include deposit, withdrawal, and basic credit services.
But there are some inherent differences between the two. While a bank is a
profit-driven entity, a credit union is a nonprofit organization traditionally run by
volunteers. Created, owned, and operated by participants, they are generally tax-
exempt. Members purchase shares in the coop, and that money is pooled together to
provide a credit banks. They also have fewer locations and automated teller machines (ATMs).
(Source: Adapted from https://www.bankerbd.com/what-is-banking;
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bank.asp; Nguyen Phuong Lan. 2007. 145 Tests in Banking &
Finance. Hanoi: National Economic University Publisher)
Comprehension questions:
Read the text above carefully and answer the following questions.
1. When did the bank of England first begin?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
2. What is banking according to Collins English Dictionary?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
3. What can banking be defined in simple words?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
4. What do the banking services include these days?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
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5. What would happen if there were the absence of banking business?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
6. What do banking fundamentals refer to?
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... 7. What is a bank?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
8. What may banks also provide?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
9. What are banks concerned with?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
10. What is the primary function of a bank?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
11. How do banks often get money for themselves?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
12. What is the difference between current and deposit accounts?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
13. Which services do retail banks provide?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
14. Whom do commercial banks provide their specialty services to?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
15. What do investment banks focus on?
.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... AFTER YOU READ
Mini-Quiz: Use your understanding from the reading text to do the following mini-quiz.
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1. The business dealing with money and credit is __________ A. Banking B. Health care C. Education
2. The amount of money a bank charges for the privilege of allowing a person to
borrow money or the amount of money the bank pays a person to deposit his money
for the bank to invest is called? A. Loan B. Mortgage C. Interest
3. The money that a person borrows from a bank or other financial institutions is called a __________ A. Interest B. Commercial C. Loan
4. The money that a person places in a bank account for the bank to use to invest and
that also earns interest is called a __________ A. Loan B. Deposit C. Mortgage
5. A loan to pay for a home, business or other real estates over a period of time is a __________ A. Deposit B. Bankruptcy C. Mortgage
6. Your checking and savings account typically come from a __________ A. retail bank B. commercial bank C. investment bank
7. The banks focus on consumers or the general public as customers A. central banks B. retail banks C. commercial banks
8. Opening a checking account requires completing a signature card. A. True B. False
9. These banks focus on business customers A. retail banks B. commercial banks C. central banks
10. These banks help business work in financial markets A. retail banks b. commercial banks C. investment banks READING 2: BANK ACCOUNTS A bank account
For the safety, convenience and many other benefits, the number of people
opening a bank account is increasing. An account is a record of a customer’s money
transactions (deposits and withdrawals). Its form is like the letter T with Debits on the
left and Credits on the right. An account can have either credit or debit balance. A
credit balance is the statement of an account when more money is deposited than
withdrawn while a debit balance is when less money is deposited than withdrawn.
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Every month account holders are given an account statement showing the month’s
transactions, consisting of Date, Detail, Debits, Credits and Balance and pay an
account charge, but if they can keep their account in credit, this service will be free of charge.
Banks will make a note of credit or debit entry in customers’ accounts when
they pay money into or out of their accounts. When a customer deposits $50 in his
account, the bank credits this amount to the customer’s account and at the same time
debits $50 to the bank’s account. This is an example of double entry.
Deposits on an account may be demand or time. Normally, a demand – deposit
account pays no or very little interest whereas a time pays interest. The interest rates
paid by banks vary from bank to bank, depending on how long customers leave their
money in the bank: short, medium or long term. The longer the money remains in the
bank, the more interest it earns. With time deposits, account holders usually withdraw
their money at maturity but they can take the money out of the account before the
maturity date if they want. In this case, some interest will be lost.
A withdrawal slip is normally used to withdraw money from an account.
However, current account holders can withdraw money from their account by writing
cheques. In this case, they do not need to write their names as the payee of the cheque,
but write “cash” or “self” in place of the payee’s name.
To open an account, the applicant is required to fill in an account opening
application form and to deposit some money. An account can be opened for
individuals or a company. The former is the personal account while the latter is the
corporate or business account. In general, the procedures of opening a corporate
account are more complicated than a personal one.
To close an account, it is necessary to withdraw all the balance on it.
There are different types of account to meet the various needs of customers:
current (checking), deposit and savings accounts, sole and joint accounts, personal and corporate accounts. Current accounts
A current account, known as a checking account in the USA, is the most
popular bank account. It provides both safety and convenience. Like any other types of
bank account, it is safe because account holders do not need to carry cash, which can be easily lost or stolen.
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It is also convenient since holders are given a chequebook – a small booklet full
of cheques – to pay their daily bills easily and to withdraw money from their accounts.
Moreover, current account holders may be provided with a cash card used to withdraw
money from their account by using ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) and a debit
card used to pay for goods or services through auto-payment system without making out a cheque.
However, a current account does not usually pay interest since money on such
an account is usually demand deposit, which can be withdrawn at any time. This does
not allow banks to use this deposit to lend out with interest to those who need capital.
Current account holders may overdraw their account up to a limit, called an
agreed overdraft limit. Sometimes customers write a cheque for more money than they
have in their account. This is called bouncing a cheque. And if a current account
holder bounces a cheque, the bank usually charges a bounced cheque fee. This is
necessary to prevent holders from writing bad cheques.
In practice, however, banks usually require that holders keep a minimum
amount of money in the account. This guarantees that bankers will at least be able to
lend out a certain amount with interest to pay the costs of processing cheque. If
depositors withdraw money and the balance falls below the minimum, the bank will
then charge a service charge – a small fee each month. Savings accounts
Savings accounts are demand deposits (i.e. the customer can withdraw money
at any time without warning of the bank) on which the bank pays interest. The rate of interest is quite low because - savings are demand deposits
- the minimum balance is very low – usually one unit of the relevant currency
Savings accounts are aimed at the small saver – the type of customer who puts
by a small part of his or her income each month to save for the interest. This kind of
account has always been very important for retail commercial banks. Although savings
are demand deposits the bank can be fairly sure that the total balance of savings
accounts will not fall dramatically. The total balance of current accounts tends to be much more volatile.
Most banks provide their savings account customers with a passbook which
records all their transactions. This passbook acts like a statement except that it is
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always up-to-date. The customer can only deal with the bank – either at the counter or
by letter – there is no chequebook.
Current & deposit accounts
It is acknowledged that the current and deposit accounts are popular bank
accounts. That people decide to open a current or deposit account depends on the
purpose of each type of account.
A current account is used for day-to-day expenses by writing cheques anywhere
at any time. With a chequebook, the payment of everyday bills can be easy. But the
current account usually pays no or very little interest. Thus, a current account is for
safety and convenience, not for investment.
On the other hand, a deposit account is used not for daily handling finances.
With deposit account, the holder is not provided with a chequebook, so the payment of
daily bills can be difficult. But it is really a good form of short-term investment
because it pays interest (3.5% at the moment). A deposit account, therefore, is for safety and benefit.
Sole & joint accounts
A sole account is an account opened in the name of one person who alone can
operate the account. If borrowing is allowed the account holder is solely liable for the debt.
A joint account is an account opened in the names of two or more persons. A
Joint Account Mandate form must be completed and signed by all parties to the
account. Clear instructions must be given by the joint account holders on the mandate
as to whether both or either some or all of them may draw from the account.
The form also states the joint and several liabilities of the account holders. This
means the account holders are fully responsible for any debts recorded in the account.
They are responsible both as a group and as individuals. This means that the bank has
the right of action against all parties, either all together or one by one until the whole debt is recovered.
Mandates can be taken to allow third parties to use the account but the account
holders remain liable for any debts incurred. Such mandates when taken must be treated with great caution.
Remember to ensure all legal formalities are observed prior to opening any
account, e.g. take up references to avoid allegations of negligence.
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(Source: Adapted from Nguyen Phuong Lan. 2007. 145 Tests in Banking &
Finance. Hanoi: National Economic University Publisher; Cao Thị Sơn, MA. 2003.
English for Finance and Banking. Hanoi: Publisher of Labour and Social Affairs)
Read the text above carefully and decide if the following statements TRUE
(T), FALSE (F), or NOT GIVEN (NG) Statements T/F/NG
1. An account has two columns.
2. A monthly account statement has five columns.
3. Money transactions of an account can be deposits, withdrawals and loans.
4. An account in debit means that loans are accepted.
5. An account holder may be freed from paying an account charge when he keeps his account in debit.
6. Money on an account is maybe demand or time.
7. The rates of interest on demand deposits are higher than those on time ones.
8. The rates of interest on long-term deposits are higher than those on short-term ones.
9. “Cash” is written on a cheque instead of your name when you withdraw money from your account.
10. To close an account, it is unnecessary to withdraw all the balance on it
11. Banks will send a statement of credit or debit entry to customers when
they pay money into or out of their accounts.
12. The interest rates paid by banks vary from bank to bank, depending on
how long customers leave their money in the bank: short, medium, or long term.
13. A current account is also called a checking account in the USA.
14. Current account holders can use a debit card to withdraw money from
their account by using ATMs (Automated Teller Machines).
15. Current account holders can overdraw their account up to a limit,
called an agreed overdraft limit.
16. If a current account holder bounces a cheque, the bank usually charges
a bounced cheque fee. This is necessary to prevent holders from writing bad cheques.
17. Savings accounts are aimed at the small businesses.
18. Most banks provide their savings account customers with a passbook
which records all their transactions. This passbook acts like a statement
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except that it is always up-to-date.
19. Mandates can be taken to allow third parties to use the account but the
account holders remain liable for any debts incurred.
20. A sole account is an account opened in the name of one person who
alone can operate the account.
II. GRAMMAR: Word formation A. THEORY THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 1 V + ment -> N
develop (v) + ment = development (n)
entertain (v) + ment = entertainment (n) 2 V + ance -> N
attend (v) + ance = attendance (n)
perform (v) + ance = performance (n) 3 V + ion/ation -> N
invent (v) + ion = invention (n)
inform (v) + ation = information (n) 4 V + age -> N
marry (v) + age = marriage (n)
carry (v) + age = carriage (n) 5 V + al -> N
survive (v) + al = survival (n) arrive (v) + al = arrival (n) 6 V + ing -> N
teach (v) + ing = teaching (n)
train (v) + ing = training (n) 7 V + er -> N work (v) + er = worker (n)
employ (v) + er = employer (n) 8 V + or -> N act (v) -> actor (n) edit (v) -> editor (n) 9 V + ress -> N act (v) -> actress (n) wait (v) -> waitress (n) 10 V + ant -> N
assist (v) + ant = assistant (n)
depend (v) + ant = dependant (n) 11 V + ee -> N emply (v) + ee = employee (n)
interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n) 12 V + ist -> N type (v) + ist = typist (n) cycle (v) + ist = cyclist (n) 13 V + ar -> N lie (v) + ar = liar (n) beg (v) + ar = beggar (n) 14 V + ence -> N
depend (v) + ence = dependence
exist (v) + ence = existence (n) 15 Adj + ness -> N
rich (adj) + ness = richness (n)
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English for Banking & Finance
polite (adj) + ness = politeness (n) 16 Adj + ity -> N
able (adj) + ity = ability (n)
responsible (adj) + ity = responsibility (n) 17 Adj + y -> N
honest (adj) + y = honesty (n)
dishonest (adj) + y = dishonesty (n) 18 Adj + ty -> N
certain (adj) + ty = certainty (n)
uncertain (adj) + ty = uncertainty (n) 19 Adj + ism -> N
social (adj) + ism = socialism (n)
racial (adj) + ism = racialism (n) 20 Adj + th -> N warm (adj) + th = warmth (n) wide (adj) + th = width (n) 21 N1 + hood -> N2
child (n) + hood = childhood (n)
neighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n) 22 N1 + ship -> N2
friend (n) + ship = friendship (n)
member (n) + ship = membership (n) 23 N1 + ism -> N2
capital (n) + ism = capitalism (n) hero (n) + ism = heroism 24 Super + N1 -> N2 super + man = superman super + market = supermarket 25 Under + N1 -> N2
under + current = undercurrent under + growth = undergrowth 26 Sur + N1 -> N2 sur + face = surface sur + name = surname 27 Sub + N1 -> N2 sub + way = subway sub + marine = submarine THE FORMATION OF VERBS 1 Adj + en -> V Wide (adj) + en = widen (v)
Short (adj) + en = shorten (v) 2 En + adj -> V En + rich = enrich (v) En + large = enlarge (v) 3 En + N -> V En + danger = endanger (v) En + case = encase (v) 4 En + V1 -> V2 En + force = enforce (v) En + courage = encourage (v) 5 N + en -> V
length (n) + en = lengthen (v)
strength (n) + en = strengthen (v) 6 Adj + ise/ize -> V
social (adj) + ise/ize = socialize (v)
industrial (adj) + ise/ize = industrialize (v) 7 Over + V1 -> V2 Over + take = overtake
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English for Banking & Finance Over + throw = overthrow 8 Under + V1 -> V2 Under + line = underline Under + go = undergo 9. Super + V1 -> V2 Super + impose = superimpose Super + charge = supercharge
THE FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES 1 N + ly -> adj
friend (n) + ly = friendly (adj) love (n) + ly = lovely (adj) 2 N + ful -> adj
care (n) + ful = careful (adj)
success (n) + ful = successful (adj) 3 N + less -> adj
home (n) + less = homeless (adj)
hope (n) + less = hopeless (adj) 4 N + ic -> adj
economy (n) + ic = economic (adj)
history (n) + ic = historic (adj) 5 N + able -> adj
reason (n) + able = reasonable (adj)
comfort (n) + able = comfortable (adj) 6 N + ous -> adj
danger (n) + ous = dangerous (adj)
industry (n) + ous = industrious (adj) 7 N + some -> adj
trouble (n) + some = troublesome (adj)
hand (n) + some = handsome (adj) 8 N + al -> adj
nation (n) + al = national (adj)
nature (n) + al = natural (adj) 9 N + ern -> adj
west (n) + ern = western (adj)
south (n) + ern = southern (adj) 10 N + y -> adj rain (n) + y = rainy (adj) sun (n) + y = sunny (adj) 11 N + like -> adj
child (n) + like = childlike (adj) life (n) + like = lifelike 12 N + ish -> adj
child (n) + ish = childish (adj)
fool (n) + ish = foolish (adj) 13 V + ing/ed -> adj
interest (v) + ing/ ed = interesting / interested (adj)
worry (v) + ing / ed = worrying / worried (adj) 14 V + ive -> adj act (v) + ive = active (adj)
progress (v) + ive = progressive (adj) 15 V + able/ ible -> adj
accept (v) + able = acceptable (adj)
count (v) + able = countable (adj) 16 Super + adj1 -> adj2
super + natural (adj) = supernatural (adj)
super + sonic (adj) = supersonic (adj) 17 Under + adj1 -> adj2
under + nourished (adj) = undernourished (adj)
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English for Banking & Finance
under + developed (adj) = underdeveloped (adj) 18 Over + adj1 -> adj2
over + anxious (adj) = overanxious (adj)
over + crowed (adj) = overcrowded (adj) 19 Sub + adj1 -> adj2
sub + conscious (adj) = subconscious (adj)
sub + atomic (adj) = subatomic (adj) 20 N + PII -> adj
man (n) + made (PII) = manmade (adj)
hand (n) + made (PII) = handmade (adj) 21 Well/ ill + PII -> adj well + done = well-done (adj)
ill + prepared = ill-prepared (adj)
THE FORMATION OF ADVERBS 1 Adj + ly -> adv
slow (adj) + ly = slowly (adv)
careful (adj) + ly = carefully (adv) 2 Note: good (adj) -> well (adv)
late (adj) -> late/ lately (adv)
hard (adj) -> hard/ hardly (adv) ill (adj) -> ill (adv) fast (adj) -> fast (adv) B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete the following sentences
1. Faraday made many _________ in the field of physics and chemistry. A. discovery B. discoveries C. discovered D. discovering
2. Faraday was an _________ in Davy’s laboratory. A. assistance B. assist C. assistant D. assisted
3. The generator is one of Faraday’s most important _________. A. achievements B. achievement C. achieve D. achieving
4. His _________ of the generator is very famous. A. invent B. inventive C. invention D. inventor
5. We will _________ our English vocabulary if we read English books every day. A. rich B. richness C. richly D. enrich
6. You study every well. It’s _________ that you will fail the exam. A. possible B. impossible C. possibility D. impossibility
7. Lan always shares her _________ with me. A. sadness B. sad C. sadly D. unsad
8. These children have the _________ to imitate animals’ voice.
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English for Banking & Finance A. able C. disable B. ability D. disability
9. Money doesn’t bring _________ to man. A. happy B. happiness C. happily D. unhappy
10. Good students aren’t _________ intelligent students. A. necessary B. necessity C. necessarily D. unnecessary
11. I don’t believe what he has just said. It is _________. A. unreasonable B. reason C. reasonably D. reasoning
12. The teacher does everything in order to _________ her students. A. courage B. encouragement C. ecouraged D. encourage
13. What is his _________? Is he American or English? A. national B. nationality C. nationalize D. international
14. You should spend your free time _________. A. useful B. useless C. usefully D. uselessly
15. Please decide what you want to do. You must make a _________. A. decision B. decide C. decisive D. decisively
16. He is interested in the _________ of old buildings. A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preserved
17. He has very high _________ of his only son. A. expect B. expected C. expectedly D. expectation
18. All of us need the _________ of fresh air. A. provide B. provided C. provision D. provisions
19. Farmers need to _________ crops A. rotation B. rotate C. rotational D. rotationally
20. We are discussing about a problem of great _________. A. importance B. important C. importantly D. import
21. He doesn’t have a job. He is _________. A. employed B. unemployed C. employer D. employee
22. The cost of _________ must be paid by the buyer. A. carry B. carried C. carrying D. carriage
23. We have to _________ the natural resources of our country. A. conservation C. conserved C. conserve D. conservational
24. The industrial _________ will lead to the country’s prosperity. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed
25. Forest must be managed _________. A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. care
26. Her _________ from school without any excuse made the teacher angry. A. absent B. absence C. absently D. absences
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