BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN KHOA TIẾNG ANH GIÁO TRÌNH WRITING LEVEL 2 Mã môn học: ENG 167
Chủ biên: Mai Lan Thi LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ Đà Nẵng, năm 2022 1 PREFACE
This course book “Writing level 2” aims to equip students with knowledge to train
their Writing skill and help them to do tests of TOEIC. Its content includes compound
sentences and adverbial clauses to write picture descriptions based on words given, language
for explaining a problem, making suggestions and requests, giving commands and soft
commands in writing a response e-mail, topic sentences, connectors between key ideas and outline of an opinion essay.
Chapter 1 includes 07 lessons, chapter 2 consists of 4 lessons, chapter 3 includes 5
lessons. This book gives students an opportunity to develop skills in writing. Many
exercises help students quickly improve writing skills through language material selected
from real tests. Each lesson has goals, which are clearly written, helping students obtain
what they need after a lesson. At the completion of this course, students will be able to
identify compound sentences, and adverbial clauses, topic sentences, connectors between key
ideas and outline of an opinion essay, analyze language for explaining a problem, making
suggestions and requests, giving commands and soft commands in writing a response e-mail,
write compound sentences, and adverbial clauses to describe pictures based on given words,
complete response e-mails using language for explaining a problem, making suggestions and
requests, giving commands and soft, develop topic sentences from thesis statements using
connectors between key ideas in an opinion essay and apply acquired knowledge and skills
in doing TOEIC writing test with the average score of 60-70 over 200 points. Although a
great effort has been made during the time researching and compiling this course book,
limitations, of course, are unavoidable. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: WRITING A SENTENCE BASED ON A PICTURE 3 Lesson 1:
Compound sentences (with conjunctions) 4 Lesson 2:
Compound sentences (with conjunction adverb) 10 Lesson 3:
Adverbial clauses 1 (time, place) 17 Lesson 4:
Adverbial clauses 2 (manner, distance, frequency) 22 Lesson 5:
Adverbial clauses 3 (reason, result) 28 Lesson 6:
Adverbial clauses 4 (purpose, concession, contrast) 34 Lesson 7: Review test 39
Chapter 2: RESPONDING TO A WRITTEN REQUEST Lesson 8: Explaining a Problem 45 Lesson 9:
Making Suggestion and Requests 47 Lesson 10: Commands and Soft Commands 50 Lesson 11: Review 52
Chapter 3: WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY
Lesson 12: Developing the thesis statement 57
Lesson 13: Using connectors between key ideas 60
Lesson 14: Making outline from key ideas 68 Lesson 15: Review 71 3
CHAPTER 1: WRITING SENTENCES
Lesson 1: Compound sentences (with conjunctions)
Lesson 2: Compound sentences (with conjunction adverb)
Lesson 3: Adverbial clauses 1 (time, place)
Lesson 4: Adverbial clauses 2 (manner, distance, frequency)
Lesson 5: Adverbial clauses 3 (reason, result)
Lesson 6: Adverbial clauses 4 (purpose, concession, contrast) Lesson 7: Review test 4
LESSON 1: COMPOUND SENTENCES
(WITH COORDINATOR) Liên từ đẳng lập I-LANGUAGE FOCUS 1.1. Structure A compound sentence is
two or more independent clauses joined together. A compound
sentence can be formed as follows:
Independent clause, + coordinator + independent clause 1.2. Coordinators
There are seven coordinators, which are also called coordinating conjunctions. You
can remember them by the phrase FAN BOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So). The
following sentences illustrate the meanings of the seven FAN BOYS coordinators.
Table 1.1. coordinating conjunctions
To add a reason bởi vì For
Japanese people live longer than most other nationalities, for they eat healthful
To add a similar, equal idea Và, và sau đó And
They eat a lot of fish and vegetables, and they eat lightly .
To add a negative equal idea cũng không Nor
They do not eat a lot of red meat, nor do they eat many dairy products.
Note: Nor means “and not.” It joins two negative independent clauses. Notice
that question word order is used after nor.
To add an opposite idea But
Diet is one factor in how long people live, but it is not the only factor.
To add an alternative possibility Or
However, people should limit the amount of animal fat in their diets, or they risk getting heart disease.
To add an unexpected or surprising continuation Yet
Cigarette smoking is a factor in longevity, yet Japanese and other long-lived
Asians have a very high rate of tobacco use.
To add an expected result So
Doctors say that stress is another longevity factor, so try to avoid stress if you wish to live a longer life. 5
Note: - There is a comma after the first independent clause.
- But and yet have similar meanings: They both signal that an opposite idea is coming.
But is preferred when the two clauses are direct opposites. When the second clause is an
unexpected or surprising continuation because of information given in the first clause,
yet is preferred. (But is acceptable for both meanings; yet for only one meaning.) Compare:
I want to study art, but my parents want me to study engineering, (direct opposite)
I am very bad at math, yet my parents want me to study engineering, (surprising
continuation after “I am very bad at math”) I EAT LESS, YET I CAN' II-LANGUAGE PRACTICE Use correct coordinator
1.Jaewon was cold, ___so____ he put on a coat.
2. Maria tried to read a novel in French, ___but____ it was too difficult.
3. To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly, ___or___ you can ride the ferry.
4. I bought a bottle of wine, __and___ we drank it together.
5. The waiter was not very nice, ___but____ the food was delicious.
6. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, ___but__ the shop didn't have it.
7. Anna needed some money,____so___ she took a part-time job.
8. There's so much rain lately! Maybe it's because of El Nino, ___or____ maybe it's just coincidence.
9. Julie has a guitar, __and___ she plays it really well.
10. The concert was cancelled, ___so____ we went to a nightclub instead. III-PRACTICE IN TOEIC 3.1. Building Language
a- Give nouns, verbs or coordinators which may be used to describe pictures 1-6.
Compare with your friends.
b- Complete the following pictures 1-6 with the given words: so and stops so
talking listening hung and sold 6
1. The bus…………………., for the
4. An agreement has been reached, girl wants to get off.
……….they are shaking hands.
2. The merchant uses ice, ……….he
5. The man is listening to the information, can keep the fish fresh.
…............... he is taking notes.
3. The clothes are ………on the street,
6. The businessman is ………....to the
and a woman is choosing an item.
woman, and she is ……………..carefully to what he is saying. 7 3.2. Tactic Practice
3.2.1. Put the words in the correct order
3. kinds/ many/ of clothes/ are/and /on
for sale/ them/ there are/ labels.
1. stopped/ got/ girl/ off / school bus/ the/ the/ and
-> The school bus stopped,
4. listening to/ is/ the woman/ the and the girl got of man/ and/ explaining/ her/ is.
The woman is explaining, and
the man is listening to her
2. got/ the girl/ medals/ for/ the/
gold/ she/ won/ races/ three/ all.
-> The girl medals the gold three, for she
5. come to/ the teacher/ talk/ wants to/ got won races all students/ so/ they/ class.
The teacher wants to students talk, so they come to class 8
6. writing/ down/the information/ the
man/can’t/ or/ he/ is/ it / remember The man can't remember the
information, or he is writing down it
3.2.2. Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words 1. happy/ for/ party
The students go over the door, and
The family is very happy, for the party they go to their home
is full of members of the family
…………………………………… 2. expensive / but / buy
….………………………………… 3. rainy/ so/ stay
The blue shirt is expensive, but I want to buy it 6. over/ and/ home
It was a rainy day, so she had to stay at home.
…………………………………… … 9
………………………………… …… 6. nice/ park/ so 4. eat/ use/ and
………………………………… ……
……………………………………
…………………………………
….………………………………… …… 10
1. The family is very happy, for the party is full of members of the family. +1
2 This shirt is expensive ,but i still buy it.+1
3.it's raining outside, so the child stays indoors. +1
4. She eats cereal, and she uses phone. +1
5 The weather is nice, so this family go on a picnic at the park. +1
6.Study time is over, and students are going home. +1 3.3. Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With
each picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence.
You can change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. 1. birthday/ so 4. sandcastle/ and
…………………………………………
………………………………………….
…………………………………………
…………………………………………. 2. famous/ come / so 5. outside/ for/ phone 11
…………………………………………
……………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………… 3. dirty/ wash / and 6. hold/ write/ and
………………………………………
1. Today is her birthday, so she's throwing a party's celebratION. +1
2. This place is very famous, so many people come. +1
3. I have a lot of dirty clothes, and I have to wash them. +1
4. The girl is making a sandcastle. and the boy is playing with his toy. +1
5. He goes outside the car ,for HE NEEDS TO MAKE his phone call. +0.5
7. She is holding glasses, and the man is writing. +1
LESSON 2: COMPOUND SENTENCES
(WITH CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS) trạng từ liên kết I-LANGUAGE FOCUS 1.1. Structure
A second way to form a compound sentence is as follows:
Independent clause; + conjunctive adverb, + independent clause
Ex: Salt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater; therefore, food cooks faster in salt water.
1.2. Conjunctive adverbs 12
Table 1.2. Conjunctive adverbs
To add a similar, equal idea also ; besides
Community colleges offer preparation for many occupations; furthermore
also/besides/furthermore/ in addition/moreover, they prepare in addition
students to transfer to a four-year college or university. moreover
To add an unexpected or surprising continuation However;
The cost of attending a community college is low; nevertheless
however/nevertheless/nonetheless/still, many students need financial
Nonetheless; still aid.
To add a complete contrast
on the other hand Tuition at a community college is low; on the other hand/in contrast, in contrast
tuition at private schools is high.
To give an alternative possibility Otherwise
Students must take final exams; otherwise, they will receive a grade of incomplete.
To add an expected result accordingly
Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; as a result
accordingly/as a result/ consequently/hence/therefore/thus, most consequently
schools provide separate English classes for each group. hence; therefore thus To add an example for example
Most colleges now have a writing requirement for graduation; for for instance
example/for instance, students at my college must pass a writing test
before they register for their final semester.
Note: Put a semicolon before and a comma after the conjunctive adverb.
Several transition signals, such as on the other hand, as a result, and for example, act like
conjunctive adverbs; they can also connect independent clauses with a semicolon and a comma. II-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Choose the correct conjunctive adverbs
1. The work was new to me………. , it did not seem difficult. (Consequently, Nevertheless)
2. He is old…………. , his mind is still active. (Nonetheless, Therefore) 13
3. It was very misty. ……….., we could not get a clear view of the mountain. (Hence, However)
4. We had walked several miles……….. , we did not feel tired. (Accordingly, Still)
5. She is a talented actress…………. , she is very beautiful. (Moreover, Thus)
6. We take the bus every day………. , we are familiar with the bus route. (Nevertheless, Thus)
7. The child was sleepy………… , we went home early. (Otherwise, Therefore)
8. The food was delicious………… , the service was excellent. (Likewise, Nevertheless)
9. We looked everywhere. ………, we could not find the keys. (However, Thus)
10. The book is long…………… , the vocabulary is difficult. (Consequently, Furthermore) III-PRACTICE IN TOEIC 3.1. Building Language
a- Give some nouns, verbs, conjunctive adverbs which may be used to describe
pictures 1-6. Compare with your friends.
b- Complete the following about pictures 1-6 with the given words:
therefore however meeting suitcase empty got out of
1. The restaurant is open; however, it
2. There is a conference; ………….;
is .....................................
there are many cars in front of the building.
3. The tables are set up;…………, there is no one in the restaurant. 14 5.
4. The man wanted some fresh air;
The man is walking; besides, he is therefore, holding a ………………. he …………..…the car.
6. They are in the ………….; therefore, they are wearing formal suits. 3.2. Tactic Practice
3.2.1. Put the words in the right order.
1. foggy/ however/ many/ it/ was/ cars/
2. The autumn/ coming/ as a result/
there/ were/ on the street/ this morning.
yellow leaves/ falling/ is/ down/ are. 15
3. many/ tools/ it/ has/ workshop/ small/
5. explain/ trying to/ the woman/ is/ the/ however/ is.
nevertheless/ understands/ no one/ her.
6. focusing on/ the exam/ the students/
4. are/ sale/ the goods/ on/ hence/
otherwise/ on time/ can’t/ finish/ are/ they
customers/ are/ the shop/ in/ there/ many.
3.2.2.Make sentences about the pictures with the words 16
1. storm/ therefore/ damage
2. vegetables/ in addition/ price
…………………………………………. ………………………………………….
…………………………………………. ………………………………………….
3. close/ therefore/ late
5. break/ fix/ as a result
…………………………………………. ………………………………………….
…………………………………………. …………………………………………. 4. exercise/ / help 6. hold/ ride/ also
……………………………………
……………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
……………………………………
…………………………………… 17 3.3. Test Practice
In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture.
With each picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your
sentence. You can change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. 1. winter/ trees/ hence
2. excited/ thus/ agreement
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
3. work/ therefore/ stressed 4. cold/walk/ however
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… 5. taxi/ however/ stop
6. outside/ weather/ therefore
………………………………………………. 18
………………………………………….. .
………………………………………….. ………………………………………………. .
LESSON 3: ABVERBIAL CLAUSES 1 (TIME, PLACE) I-LANGUAGE FOCUS 1.1. Time clause:
A time clause is introduced by one of the subordinators in the following chart. A
time clause can come before or after an independent clause.
Table 1.3. Time Subordinators Time Subordinators when: a specific
When people had to hunt for food, they moved time from place to place. whenever: at any
Whenever food became scarce in one area, they time moved to another area. while: at the same
The men hunted game while the women time gathered plants. as soon as: soon
Eating habits changed as soon as people stopped after
moving from place to place in search of food. after: later
After people learned how to grow their own
food, they settled in villages. since: from that
Since the United States changed from an time
agricultural to an industrial society, eating habits there have changed.
as: at the same time People in the United States started eating more
processed convenience foods as their lives became busier. before: earlier
Before people in the United States moved to
cities, they grew most of their own food. until: up to the
Women had time to cook meals “from time
scratch”1until they went to work in factories d ffi 1 19 1.2. Place clause:
An adverb place clause tells where the action described by the main verb took place. The
subordinators wherever, everywhere, and anywhere are similar in meaning and are
interchangeable. You can begin a sentence with wherever, everywhere, and anywhere
clauses, but usually not with a where clause. (Expressions such as the following are
exceptions: Where there is lightning, there is thunder. Where there is smoke, there is fire.)
Table 1.4. Place Subordinators Place Subordinators where: a specific place
Most people shop where they get the l t i wherever: any place
1 pay by credit card wherever 1 can. everywhere: every place
Can you use an ATM card everywhere you shop? anywhere: any place
Anywhere you go, you hear people talking on their cell phones. II-LANGUAGE PRACTICE Fill in the gaps
1. Travelers can use credit cards in foreign countries__________they are accepted.
2. Tonight I will go to bed after I _________________________my homework.
3. Ever since I was a child, I ____________________________________ afraid of dogs.
4. Jacquie's contact lens popped out while she _____________________basket ball.
5. Be sure to reread your composition for errors before you _________________ it in to the teacher tomorrow. III-PRACTICE IN TOEIC 3.1. Building Language
- Give some words which may be used to describe pictures 1-6. Compare with your friends.
- Complete the following about pictures 1-6 with the given words: while while as soon as came before until
1. The restaurant employees have to wait
…………customers start arriving. 20