Giáo trình python cơ bản dành cho người mới giáo trình python cơ bản - Công nghệ Website | Đại học Bách Khoa, Đại học Đà Nẵng

+MЪMXLMЖY
,MЖRRE]4]XLSRPɧQШXXVSRKRLоRKRKɺRRKоPϼTXVɳRL
чERKчвGGLɾʁFЮMXɴRLчEHϰRKZАиRKHдRKXLZMЖR
TLSRKTLɾZɧGШRKчТRKчɺRKчϲS
ɇɪPɧQZMЖGZЪM4,4RʆQZɧGɹRLоRKXɨGZдQɧ4,4
OLɹQɧXLрGLMЖRXРMYчвGOLMЎRQɳRLTLϲMXMЎTGϼRZЪM
4]XLSRXVSRKKMEMчSϰRRɧ]
'YРRWɨGLRLОRɧ]чвGZMЎXXVSRKUYɨXVɳRLQɳRLFϾXч϶Y
LМG4]XLSRZɧKMϲMUY]ЎXGɨGFɧMXSɨRGFϲRXLISRLYG϶Y GжEQɳRL
,]ZМRKRLоRKKLMGLɰTGжEQɳRLGˢRKWЌKMɾTɴGLGLS
RLоRKEMчERKUYERXɩQчЎRZMЖGиRKHдRK4]XLSRZɧS
GɺRKZMЖGZɧ\мPʁLMЖRXϰM 1дGPдG
7ɨGLчвGGLMEPɧQGLRKQЦMGLRKWЌXVɳRLFɧ]
OLɴEGϰRLGжE4]XLSRQɧQɳRLWЌKІTTLϲMZɧWЌLоYɴGL
OLMFMЎXGɨGOMЎRXLиGRɧ]XVSRKZMЖGɨTHдRK4]XLSRZɧS
GɺRKZMЖGXVSRKXRKPEM  ,IPPS[SVPH  'ɾTLɨT
 4LɩRGLMEQSHYPI  'PEWW
 8LESXɨGXVɱRXϼTXMR
 <мPʁLɳRLϲRL
 <мPʁJMPI.732
 <мPʁJMPI<10  /ЎXRРM1]750
 /ЎXRРM6IHMW
 /ЎXRРM1IQGEGLIH
 /ЎXRРM6EFFMX15  6IWXJYP'PMIRX
 +ЮMIQEMPZЪM7184
 7SGOIX4VSKVEQQMRK
'LRK,IPPS[SVPH
4]XLSRPɧQШXRKɺRRKоTLMɱRHКGL-RXIVTVIXIV0ERKYEKI
XиGPɧOLɺRKG϶RFYMPHXLɧRLJMPIXLрGXLMQɧGLϰ]XVрGXMЎT RL4,4
,MЖRXϰM4]XLSRGɹRLɨRLGLɴRLPɧ\Zɧ\ЭRLɨRL\
чɪHкRKTLɨXXVMВRZɧчERKчиRKЮTLMɱRFϲR2LɨRL
4]XLSR\XLɳZϺRчERKчвGXMЎTXдGTLɨXXVMВR
;IFWMXIGLɴRLXLиGGжE4]XLSR[[[T]XLSRSVK 'ɧMчІX
4]XLSRLЦXVвL϶YLЎXGɨGRАRXϲRKZɧVϴXHДXɳQXLϴ]WЄR
XVɱRQШXWРLЖчMАYLɧRLRL1EG37ŷ
ɇВFMЎXPɧLЖXLРRKGжEFϰRчɪGɧM4]XLSRGLEGɹXLВZɧS
QɧRLɳRLGSQQERHPMRIZɧKɻ $ python --version
2ЎYчɪGɧMчІXT]XLSRXLɳWЌLMВRXLКXLɺRKXMRTLMɱRFϲR
T]XLSR2ЎYFɨSPЦMXLɳчТRKRKLʨEZЪMFϰRGLEGɧMчІX 4]XLSR
'ɹXLВXLEQOLϲSGɨGLGɧMчІX4]XLSRXϰM
LXXTW[[[T]XLSRSVKHS[RPSEHW 'ɺRKGдTLɨXXVMВR
'LИG϶RHɽRKQШXXI\XIHMXSVPɧFϰRGɹXLВZMЎXчвGGSHI
T]XLSRLSІGGɹXLВHɽRKGɨGGɺRKGдGESGϴTLR-()
RL%TXERE4]'LEVQŷ'ɨG-()XLЬRKLЦXVвXLɱQUYɨ
XVɳRLTLɩRXɴGLGɾTLɨTHɸRKPЖRLHIFYKŷXVSRKTLϰQZM
GYРRWɨGLRLОRɧ]XLɳQɳRLLЪRKчЎRGɨGLXLрGXLM
T]XLSRFЀRKHɸRKPЖRL ,IPPS[SVPH
8ϰSQШXJMPIGɹXɱRPɧ helloworld.pyZɧGɹRШMHYRKRL WEY print 'Hello world'
printPɧPЖRLGFϲRRLϴXчВ\YϴXQШXFMЎRVEXLЬRKPɧ QɧRLɳRL
7EYчɹZɧSQɧRLɳRLGSQQERHPMRIHMGLY]ВRчЎRXL
QдGGLиEJMPIRɧ]ZɧKɻ $ python helloworld.py
2ЎYXLϴ]\YϴXLMЖRHɸRKGLо Hello world XиGPɧFϰRчɪ
LSɧRXLɧRLZMЖGZMЎXиRKHдRKT]XLSRч϶YXMɱR
'LRK'ɾTLɨT &MЎRWР
/LEMFɨSFMЎRFЀRKQШXGɩYPЖRLKɨR a = 1
FϰRGɹXLВKɨRRLMАYPSϰMKMɨXVКWРGLYЦMGLSQШXFMЎR a = 1 a = 'Hello World' a = [1, 2, 3] a = [1.2, 'Hello', 'W', 2]
8SɨRXмWРLМG
4]XLSRGˢRKLЦXVвQШXWРXSɨRXмXSɨRLМGXLɺRKHдRK RL + TLɰTGШRK - TLɰTXVк * TLɰTRLɩR / TLɰTGLME
% TLɰTGLMEPϴ]HQSHYPS
&SSPIERZɧ8SɨRXмPSKMG
+MɨXVКчɾRKZɧWEMXRKиRKPɧ TrueZɧ False
notчВчϲSKMɨXVК
andTLɰTXɴRLPSKMGZɧ%2(
orTLɰTXɴRLPSKMGLSІG36
1ШXWРTLɰTWSWɨRLXLɺRKXLЬRKRL < FɰLR <=Fɰ
LRLSІGFЀRK > PЪRLR >=PЪRLRLSІGFЀRK ==
FЀRK !=OLɨGчВWSWɨRLKMɨXVК
,ЦXVвHϰRKWSWɨRLOɰTRL x = 2 1 < x < 3 # True 10 < x < 20 # False 3 > x <= 2 # True 2 == x < 4 # True
8SɨRXмOMВQXVETL϶RXмXVSRKQШXXϼTLвT inOMВQXVE
GɹXТRXϰM not in OMВQOLɺRKXТRXϰM
'good' in 'this is a greate example' # F alse
'good' not in 'this is a greate example' # True
'ϴYXVɾGчMАYOLMВR
4]XLSRLЦXVвQШXWРGϴYXVɾGчMАYOLMВRXLɺRKHдRK,϶Y
LЎXGɨGGϴYXVɾGчMАYOLMВRчАYHрEZɧSXLдXч϶YHɸRK
MRHIRXMSRчВXϰSXLɧRLQШXFPSGO\мPʁXLE]ZɳWмHдRK
{ ŷ } RLGɨGRKɺRRKоOLɨG4,4.EZEWGVMTX -JŷIPMJŷIPWI if condition1 :
indentedStatementBlockForTrueCondition1 elif condition2 :
indentedStatementBlockForFirstTrueCondition2 elif condition3 :
indentedStatementBlockForFirstTrueCondition3 elif condition4 :
indentedStatementBlockForFirstTrueCondition4 else:
indentedStatementBlockForEachConditionFalse
7[MXGLŷGEWI
4]XLSROLɺRKGɹGϴYXVɾG switchŷ case *SVŷMR for iterating_var in sequence: statements(s) :ɴHд
for letter in 'Python': # First Example
print 'Current Letter :', letter
fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for fruit in fruits: # Second Example
print 'Current fruit :', fruit print "Good bye!"
/ЎXUYϲLMВRXLКGжEZɴHдXVɱR Current Letter : P Current Letter : y Current Letter : t Current Letter : h Current Letter : o Current Letter : n Current fruit : banana Current fruit : apple Current fruit : mango Good bye! ;LMPI while expression: statement(s) :ɴHд count = 0 while (count < 9): print 'The count is:', count count = count + 1 print "Good bye!"
/ЎXUYϲLMВRXLКGжEZɴHдXVɱR The count is: 0 The count is: 1 The count is: 2 The count is: 3 The count is: 4 The count is: 5 The count is: 6 The count is: 7 The count is: 8 Good bye! ,ɧQ
/LEMFɨSLɧQXLISGɾTLɨT
def functionname(param, param2,..): statements(s)
,ɧQRЎYOLɺRKXVϲHоPMЖYXLɳQІGчКRLWЌXVϲZАKMɨXVК None
:ɴHдOLEMFɨSLɧQXɴRLZɧXVϲZАKMɨXVКXФRKGжEXLEQ WРч϶YZɧS def sum(a, b): return (a+b) 'ɨGLKМMLɧQ sum(1, 2) (trҥ vӃ giá trӍ là 3)
,ɧQGɹLЦXVвKMɨXVКQІGчКRLGLSXLEQWРOLMOLɺRK
XVY]АRZɧS:ɴHдLɧQWEY def plus(c, d = 10): return (c+d)
2ЎYKМMLɧQXVɱRRLWEY plus(2) (kӁt quҥ trҥ vӃ là 12)
1ШXOLɨGFMЖXXVSRKGɨGLKМMLɧQGжE4]XLSRWSZЪM4,4
PɧGLɾRKXEGɹXLВXLE]чФMXLиXрXLEQWРXVY]АRZɧSFЀRK
GɨGLчІXXɱRXLEQWРOLMKМMLɧQ:ɴHдXEGɹXLВKМMLɧQ
sum(a,b)ЮZɴHдXVɱRFЀRKGɨGLXVY]АRXLEQWР b XVЪG a RLWEY sum(b = 1, a = 10)
<мPʁGLYЦM
1ШXGLYЦMGɹXLВOLEMFɨSFЀRKHϴYRLɨ]чɺM " LSІGчR
' :ɴHдGɨGGLYЦMWEY str1 = "Hello" str2 = 'world'
'ɹXLВXVY]\YϴXXкRKOʁXрXVSRKQШXGLYЦMXLISLɳRLXLиG
MRHI\ZɴHд str1[0] str1[1]ŷ
'ɹXLВWмHдRKHϴYRLɨ]чɺMLSІGчRчВOLEMFɨS
GLYЦMXVɱRRLMАYHɸRK:ɴHд paragraph = """This is line 1 This is line 2 This is line 3"""
2РMGLYЦM
'ɹXLВXϰSQШXGLYЦMHɧMXкZMЖGRРMGɨGGLYЦMPϰMXLISGɾ TLɨT str = str1 + " " + str2
8VɴGL\YϴXGLYЦMGSR
'ɹXLВXϰSGɨGGLYЦMGSRXLɺRKUYEXSɨRXмPϴ]OLSϲR
[start:end]VERKI1ІGчКRL startPɧXкZКXVɴч϶YGLYЦM
 0 Zɧ endPɧчЎRZКXVɴGYРMGLYЦM:ɴHд str = 'Hello world' print str[0:4] (HiӅn thӍ "Hell") print str[:4] (HiӅn thӍ "Hell") print str[-3:] (HiӅn thӍ "rld") print str[6:-3] (HiӅn thӍ "wo")
0ϴ]чШHɧMGжEGLYЦM
7мHдRKLɧQ len(...)чВXVϲZАчШHɧMGжEGLYЦM:ɴHд count = len("Hello world") (count có giá trӍ 11)
8ɳQXLE]XLЎRШMHYRK
'ɹXLВXɳQZɧXLE]XLЎXVSRKGLYЦMFЀRKGɨGLKМMTLRK
XLиG replace(search, replace[, max])
GжEQШXGLYЦM:ɴ Hд str = 'Hello world'
newstr = str.replace('Hello', 'Bye') print newstr
(Sҿ hiӅn thӍ chuəi "Bye world" trên màn hình)
8ɳQZКXVɴGLYЦMGSR
'ɹXLВXɳQZКXVɴGжEQШXGLYЦMGSRXVSRKGLYЦMPЪRFЀRK
GɨGLKМMTLRKXLиG find(str, beg=0
e nd=len(string))&ϾXч϶YPɧZКXVɴ 0 RЎYOLɺRKXɳQVEXLɳ
XVϲZА -1:ɴHд str = 'Hello world' print str.find('world') (hiӅn thӍ 6) print str.find('Bye'); (hiӅn thӍ -1)
,ɧQ find()WЌXɳQXLISXLиXрXкXVɨMUYETLϲMGжEGLYЦM
XиGPɧXкP϶R\YϴXLMЖRч϶YXMɱR'ɹXLВHɽRKLɧQ rfind()
чВXɳQXLISZКXVɴXкGYРMGLYЦMZАTLɴEXVЪG
8ɨGLGLYЦM
'ɹXLВXɨGLGLYЦMHрEXLISQШXGLYЦMHIPMQIXIVFЀRKGɨGL
KМMTLRKXLиG split(str="", num=string.count(str))  :ɴHд str = 'Hello world' print str.split(' ')
(Trҥ vӃ mӛt mҥng có 2 phҩn tӯ là 2 chuəi "Hello" và "world")
'ɹXLВWмHдRKLɧQ splitlines()чВXɨGLGLYЦMXLIS
XкRKLɧRKZɧPSϰMFОOʁXр2);0-2)
8VMQOʁXрOLSЂRKXVϾRK
'ɹXLВPSϰMFОGɨGOʁXрQІGчКRLPɧOʁXрOLSϲRKXVϾRK
XVЪGZɧWEYQШXGLYЦMFЀRKGɨGLKМMGɨGTLRKXLиG WEY