Notes on Pain Types and Medical Procedures Overview | Tiếng anh y khoa

lOMoAR cPSD| 47207367 UNIT 1 Vocabulary Types of pain Meaning Condition Throbbing Comes and goes pain rhythmically Sharp pain Strong and sudden Stabbing Feels like sth sharp is stuck pain into you Gnawing Feels like it is eating pain you Cramping pain Feels like a muscle is being squeezed Burning/ Feels like fire
Cystitis (cyst: sac or urinary bladder) Scalding pain Shooting pain Travels fast along part of
Sciatica (thoát vị đĩa đệm) is a shooting pain that your body
begins in the lower back, radiates into the buttock and down the back of one leg. Dull/ Steady and not too painful
Appendicitis (Appendic: ruột thừa – appendix) Persistent/ Vague ache
Piercing/ Boring Going through or into Acute pancreatitis something (như dao đâm, hồi học mô) Excruciating/ Haemo/ hemo: blood Thunderclap Sub - arachnoid: khoang dưới nhện Spasmodic Caused by your muscles
Ureteric colic is characterized by the presence of a becoming tight in a way u rinary stone that you cannot control Crushing/
Angina pectoris: caused by reduced blood flow to Gripping the heart.
is often described as squeezing, pressure,
heaviness, tightness or pain in the chest.
Cluster headace: Extreme sharp or stabbing pain, usually in, behind or around one eye
Degenerative arthritis: thoái hóa khớp - in which the tissues in the joint break down over time. (Arthro: joint) lOMoAR cPSD| 47207367 Reading
My name is Dr Henderson. I'm a cardiologist at a London hospital. The highly trained team of which I am
part deals with the diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of patients with all forms of heart disease,
including cardiac transplantation (cấy ghép nội tạng) and some sorts of vascular disease.
None of our work would be possible without the support of other people in the hospital team - the
triage nurses, the receptionists, and so on. Their work is vital to the smooth running of the department.
When patients arrive for the first time, personal information is taken: name, address, telephone
numbers, next of kin = ng thân: of kin for contact in case of emergency, and other information such as
their GP's name and address, their NHS number, and their unique hospital number.
We deal with a large catchment area = khu vực tiếp nhận and also deal with referrals = các ca chuyển
from outside the area, tourists, visitors to A&E, private patients, and so on, so the potential for
confusion is great unless the data that are taken are accurate and the systems secure.
At various stages of patients' contact with the hospital, information is checked to make sure it is correct
and that the patients can confirm their identity. For example, on arrival at a clinic patients might be
asked their GP's name or part of their telephone number, for example the last three numbers.
Then during the consultation a nurse or a doctor might also ask their date of birth. All this is for the
benefit of the patient to ensure the hospital team does not make mistakes and people do not use
patients' details fraudulently.
We can then turn to dealing with the patients’s treatment in safety. UNIT 2 Vocabulary Job Meaning EX Practice
Someone who performs all or some of the
A practice is run by a practice manager. manager
Practice Management tasks in a healthcare setting Receptionist Receptionist need very good
interpersonal skills because they are
the first contact people have with the practice. General
A doctor who provides general medical
Ninety-seven per cent of the UK practitioner treatment for people
population is registered with a general practitioner Midwife
Usually a woman, who is trained to help
An important link between hospitals,
women when they are giving birth
GPs, and other health professionals
involved in antenatal care is the midwife District nurse
A person in a particular area to care for
District nurse visit those who are
people who are ill or injured, often visiting housebound or those recently them in their homes
discharged from hospital and / or dress wounds. Health visitor
whose job is to visit people in their homes, Health visitor work with individuals,
for example new parents, and give them
families, and groups like the elderly advice on and lOMoAR cPSD| 47207367 some areas of medical care
new-born babies in the community. Practice nurse
A nurse who works in a medical practice
The duties of a district nurse include or surgery
'traditional' nursing skills and running specialist clinics for
immunization, diabetes, and so on.
Sign: đo lường; quan sát đc Symptomp: cảm giác
Intermittent: comes and goes (lúc có lúc ko) Reading
Social deprivation = poverty is associated with death from all causes. The most pronounced = evident
effect is with circulatory and other smoking-related diseases. A similar trend is seen with infant mortality
= death, morbidity = tỷ lệ mắc bệnh from chronic illness (particularly musculoskeletal, cardiovascular,
and respiratory conditions), and teenage pregnancy.
This is not a new problem, nor one unique to the UK. It may partly be due to smoking and eating habits,
but this disparity = a difference in level was in evidence 80y ago when those of social classes I and II
were more likely to smoke, eat foods high in saturated fats, and take less exercise.
Disparity in health is closely related to income. In the UK, an ↑ proportion of the population is now
living on < 50% of average income than 20y ago – the mortality gap has grown proportionately.
This has an impact on general practice. There is higher incidence of illness → ↑requirement for primary
care team services and the ↑ use of out-of-hours and A&E services amongst deprived communities.
Other factors which have an effect are homelessness, sleeping rough, employment and unemployment,
divorce, and immigration status. The adverse effects of living in temporary accommodation are well
documented. For example, adults have a ↑ incidence of depression than people of similar social
standing in their own homes. Children are less likely to receive their immunizations = tiêm chủng, more
likely to have childhood accidents, and have higher incidence of minor and diarrhoeal diseases. Among
those sleeping rough, poor diet, poor accommodation, and lack of access to medical services are
universal problems. A study done in 1986 in London found one third are psychotic, a quarter have severe
physical problems, and two-thirds have no contact whatsoever with medical services. Evidence shows
that if services are provided, homeless people will use them.
The effects of work have been compared to effects of vitamins – we need a certain amount to be
healthy; then there is a plateau = level, where extra doesn't work, and too much is harmful. UNIT 3 Vocabulary
Withdraw = to remove sth the stylet.
Stylet được đưa vào trong lòng ống nội khí quản để giữ cho ống có hình dạng thẳng hoặc cong theo ý
muốn, giúp dễ dàng đưa ống vào khí quản.
Drain = remove the liquid from it 10 drops of CSF into three specimen = a typical example tubes.
Mark the point between L3/L4 where the needle is to be inserted.
Wash your hands and put on sterile gloves. lOMoAR cPSD| 47207367
Obtain consent = agreement for the procedure.
Sterilize the area of the patient’s back.
Prepare the equipment on the trolley.
Attach the manometer = a device for measuring the pressure (đo áp suất bên trong các khoang hoặc
mạch của cơ thể) Language spot Go down with sth
Clench his/ her fist OR Make a tight fist Tilt your head Roll up your sleeve
Pop behind the screen = đứng phía sau màn hình Turn onto your stomach Can/Could you + just + inf Reading
DOPS is designed to provide feedback on procedural skills essential to the provision of good clinical care.
Trainees will be asked to undertake four to six observed encounters, or procedures, during the year with
a different observer for each encounter. The assessors include among others experienced specialists,
appropriate nursing staff, or consultants in a secondary care setting. The estimated time taken by each
procedure is 20 minutes (i.e. 15 minutes for the assessment and 5 minutes for feedback).
Each DOPS should represent a different procedure and trainees should choose from each of the core
problem groups identified in the F2 curriculum by the end of the year. The trainee chooses the timing, procedure, and observer.
What is DOPS? It is essential that all trainees should be adequately assessed for competence = (the
ability to do something well) in the practical procedures that they undertake. Directly Observed
Procedural Skills (DOPS) is a method that has been designed specifically for the assessment of practical
skills and was originally developed and evaluated by the RCP. In keeping with the Foundation
programme quality improvement assessment model, strengths and areas for development should be
identified following each DOPS encounter.
DOPS includes a range of procedures, for example venepuncture = lấy máu TM, IV cannulation = đặt ống
truyền TM, the use of local anaesthetics, arterial puncture in an adult, blood culture (peripheral), = cấy
máu ngoại vi and blood culture (central). Also included are nasogastric tube insertion and airway care,
including simple adjuncts and intubation. = thiết bị hỗ trợ + đặt nội khí quản
Each doctor needs to satisfy a number of criteria, some of which are given below. Apart from being able
to perform a particular procedure, the trainee needs to demonstrate an understanding of relevant
anatomy and the technique of the procedure. There needs to be a clear demonstration of appropriate
preparation before the procedure takes place as well as knowledge of the appropriate analgesia = thuốc lOMoAR cPSD| 47207367
giảm đau or safe sedation = thuốc an thần and a|septic = without infection technique. Apart from the
technical ability, a trainee needs to seek help where appropriate and demonstrate post procedure
management as well as good communication skills, while at the same time considering the feelings of the patient.