Side material Academic - Quan hệ quốc tế | Học viện Ngoại giao Việt Nam

PRONUNCIATION VOWELS & CONSONANTS
IZONE – CHIẾN LƯỢC HỌC THI IELTS THE VOWEL SOUNDS
In this chapter you will learn how to accurately pronounce all of the main American English vowel
sounds. The English alphabet has five vowels, a, e, i, o and u
, but it has about 15 main vowel
sounds. For some learners this is one of the most difficult aspects of American English to master.
Speakers of languages with fewer vowel sounds are likely to speak English using only the same
number of sounds that exist in their native language. Sometimes they do not even hear the
distinction between certain sounds in English. Consequently, non-native speakers might
pronounce "hill" and "heal" the same way. Similarly, the words sell and sale, or cup, cop, and
cap may also sound the same when spoken by a non-native speaker.
Because there is not always a direct relationship between how a word is spelled and how it is
pronounced, you should become familiar with the phonetic symbols that represent the sounds
that you are learning. This way, you will be able to use your dictionary when you come across a
word that contains a vowel sound that you don't know how to pronounce. Make sure you also
become familiar with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary as they may be a bit different from
the symbols that this book uses. 1. /i:/
read, heat, meet, seat, seen, feet
Please eat the meat and the cheese before you leave. 2. /ɪ/
in, bit, this, give, sister, will, city
My sister Linda will live in the big city. 3. /ei/
late, gate, bait, fail, main, braid, wait
Jane's face looks great for her age of eighty-eight. 4. /e/
let, get, end, any, fell, bread, men, said
I went to Texas for my friend's wedding. 5. /æ//
last, apple, add, can, answer, class
The handsome man lost his baggage after his travels. 6. /a:/
stop, lock, farm, want, army, possible, got
John is positive that his car was parked in that lot. 7. /ʌ/
come, up, jump, but, does, love, money, about
Your younger brother doesn't trust us, does he? 8. /o/
all, fall, author, also, applaud, thought, fought
Paula was doing laundry all day long. 9. /ou/
go, slow, so, those, post, moment, drove
Oh, no! Don't open the window, it's cold. 10. /u/
look, took, put, foot, full, wolf, cookie
He would read the good book if he could. 11. /u:/
cool, soup, moon, boot, tooth, move, true
Sue knew about the food in the room.
12. /ɝː/ her, work, sure, first, early, were, earn, occur
What were the first words that girl learned? 13. /ai/
time, nine, dry, high, style, five, China
I advise you to ride a bicycle in China.
14. /au/ south, house, cow, found, down, town
He went out of the house for about an hour. 15. /oi/
oil, choice, moist, enjoy, avoid, voice
Let's avoid the annoying noise.
Diphthongs consist of two different vowel sounds that are closely joined together and treated as
one vowel. They are represented by two phonetic symbols. To create this sound, move your
tongue smoothly from one vowel position to another. The following vowels are diphthongs: /ei/
as in take, /ou/ as in boat, /ai/ as in time, /au/ as in house, and /oi/ as in boy. THE CONSONANT SOUNDS
Vest best vest; cups cubs cups; covered cupboard covered
Bernie bought a big breakfast back 1. /b/
Buy bird bread; Rubber about able; Job web globe to bed.
Full pull full; cubs cups cubs; coffee copy coffee 2 /p/
Pat put purple paint in the pool
Park please price; open, apple, spring; tape help jump Zoo Su
e Zoo; Rise rice rise; Shave save shave; thing sing thing
It’s six or seven years since 3. /s/
Sad city science scream; glasses, concert, lost; bus place
Sydney’s sister sang that song class
Sue zoo Sue; place plays; place; breathe breeze breathe;
Zebras in zoos are like dolphins in 4. /z/ beige bays beige pools
Zoo zero; lazy easy scis o
s rs exact; size wise times
Town down town; they day they; page paid page; wrote
David’s daughter didn’t dance but 5. /d/ road wrote David’s dad did
Dog dead dream; address advice sudden; third food mind
Die tie die ; hard heart hard; three tree three; each eat each 6. /t/
Talk Thomas train twelve; butter until hated; night worke d Betty bought a tub of butter west
View few view; leave leaf leave; three free three; copy
Frank found four frogs laughing on 7. /f / coffee copy; the floor
Photo, fly, freeze; offer selfish gift; knife stuf f laug h
Ferry very ferry; best vest best; wet vet wet; than van than 8. /v/ Vera drove to Venice in a van
visa, vote, voice; river, wives loved; wave twelve of
Kate, gate, Kate; back bag back; wood good wood; loch log Grandma gave the guests eggs and 9. /g/ loch; frog’s legs
Ghost; guess; green; big e
g r ago angry; dog; egg; league
Gap cap gap; dogs docks dogs; missed mixed missed; water The king cooked the carrots and 10. /k/ quarter water the queen cut the cake
Keep club quick, school soccer taxi; milk comic ache
Old hold old; art heart art; force horse force; sheet heat
Harry had a habit of helping hitch- 11. /h/ sheet; hikers
Hair, head, who; ahead perhaps behave
Vest, west, vest; of air aware of air; good would good; 12. /w/ Gwyn win Gwyn Wendy went away twice a week
Wage what one; language quick square;
Joke yolk joke; jaw your jaw; fool fuel fool; pleasure player We didn’t use Euros in Europe a 13. /j/ pleasure few years ago
Year used euro; few cure view
Sort short sort; suit shoot suit; catch cash catch; choose shoes choose;
Sharon shouldn’t wash her shoes in 14. /ʃ/
Should shirt sugar; fashion nat o
i n ocean; wish, push, the shower English
Cheap jeep cheap; tune June tune; use juice use; draw jaw Ginger split orange juice on 15. /dʒ/ draw; George’s jacket
Job general June; danger agenda object; ed e
g , age village
Jeep cheap jeep; share chair share; trips chips trips; what’s watch what’s
Which child put chalk on teacher’s 16 /tʃ/
Chair cheese chicken; kitc e
h n future question; rich which chair? March
Fries flies fries; rent lent rent; correct collect correct; code
Clara’s really clever, but Lily is a 17. /l/ cold code; little silly
Leave, liter; life; slow caller help; fil
l final whistle
Late rate late; play pray play; chain train chain; jaw draw jaw
The rabbits raced right around the 18. /r/
Right wrote rhyme; carrot sorry dress; far away, war and ring peace
Nice mice nice; sun some sun; swing swim swing; hang 19. /m/ ham hang; Mum made me move my models
miss more make; smoke jump harmed; comb autumn; film
Might night might; warm warn warm; wing win wing; rang There was no one on the moon on 20 /n/ ran rang; the 9t h of June
Now new know; snow din e
n r against; gone open listen 21 /ŋ/
Some sung some; Kim king Kim; thin thing thin Young King Kong was stronger
Sing; singer sink; bang bank banks; thin ,
g think, finger than strong 22 /θ/
Sick thick sick; boat both boat; free three free
Martha Smith’s an author and an
Thank think thought; healthy, birthday maths; earth length athlete fourth 23 /ð/
breed breathe breed; den then den; van than van
My father and mother live together
These though they; other weat e
h r clothes; breat e h with with my other brother sunbathe
_____Một số chú ý với phiên âm_____
1) Thêm đuôi -S/ES vào sau danh từ hoặc động từ:
- Nếu ở cuối từ gốc là một âm có rung cổ họng: Thêm âm Z. Ví dụ: Plays /pleɪz/
- Nếu ở cuối từ gốc là một âm không rung cổ họng: Thêm âm S. Ví dụ: Cups /kʌps/
- Nếu ở cuối từ gốc là âm S / Z / SH / ZH / CH / DG: Thêm âm /ɪz/. Ví dụ: Kisses /’kɪsɪz/ Roses /’roʊzɪz/ Matches /ˈmæʧɪz/
2) Thêm đuôi –ED vào sau động từ:
- Nếu ở cuối từ gốc là một âm có rung cổ họng: Thêm âm D. Ví dụ: Played /pleɪd/
- Nếu ở cuối từ gốc là một âm không rung cổ họng: Thêm âm T. Ví dụ: Kissed /kɪst/
- Nếu ở cuối từ gốc là âm T hoặc D: Thêm âm /ɪd/. Ví dụ: Needed /’ni:dɪd/ 3) Từ To:
- Nếu sau To là phụ âm: nói thành /tə/. Ví dụ: to go /tə goʊ /
- Nếu sau To là nguyên âm: nói thành /tu/.
Ví dụ: to a man /tu ə mæn/ 4) Từ The:
- Nếu sau The là phụ âm: nói thành /ðə/.
Ví dụ: the man /ðə mæn /
- Nếu sau The là nguyên âm: nói thành /ði/. Ví dụ: the eye /ði aɪ/
5) Từ Do: thống nhất dùng /du/. Nếu có thay đổi sẽ có ghi rõ trong file hướng dẫn.
6) Từ A: thống nhất dùng /ə/. Nếu có thay đổi sẽ có ghi rõ trong file hướng dẫn.
7) Từ Of: thống nhất dùng /əv/
8) Từ Was: thống nhất dùng /wəz/
9) Từ Can: thống nhất dùng /kæn/. Nếu có thay đổi sẽ có ghi rõ trong file hướng dẫn.
10) Từ Have: thống nhất dùng /hæv/ .Nếu có thay đổi sẽ có ghi rõ trong file hướng dẫn.
11) Từ Has: thống nhất dùng /hæz/. Nếu có thay đổi sẽ có ghi rõ trong file hướng dẫn.
12) Từ Had: thống nhất dùng /hæd/. Nếu có thay đổi sẽ có ghi rõ trong file hướng dẫn. ACADEMIC VOCABULARY
IZONE – CHIẾN LƯỢC HỌC THI IELTS
IZONE – Chiến lược học thi IELTS
UNIT 1: WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT ACADEMIC ENGLISH?
Below is an incomplete wordlist, fill in these blank boxes with: (1) Meaning of the word Or (2) A sentence example using the word.
Write F if the word is formal and N if it is neutral in the last column of the table.
Note: you should NO
T use dictionary. Try to guess the word’s meaning from the given example Formal o Words Pronunciation Meaning Example Neutral IN SHORT
1/............................................................ 1
in a few words (nói tóm /ʃɔːt/ (IN SHORT, S + V) lại) ............
His novels belong to a great but
2/......................................... 2 BASICALLY /ˈbeɪsɪkli/
vanished age. Basically, they are old- ..... fashioned. used to introduce a short IN SUMMARY/ statement of the main TO SUM UP
3/……………………………………… 3 /ˈsʌməri/ points of a discussion, (IN SUMMARY/ ………
speech, etc(nói tóm lại) TO SUM UP, S + V) = ONLY; not involving
5/............................................................ 4
SOLELY (ADV) /ˈsəʊlli/ somebody/something else ............ (duy nhất)
IZONE – Chiến lược học thi IELTS
- Virtually all students will be - VIRTUALLY
6/......................................... exempt from the tax. 5 /ˈvɜːtʃ ə u li/ (ADV) ...
- This year's results are virtually the same as last year's. MAKE AN 6 /ˈefərt/ = Try + To V
8/……………………………… EFFORT ATTEMPT + TO
9/......................................... 7 /əˈtempt/
The prisoners attempted to escape, but V(INFI) ..... failed. more than anything else
10/.......................................................... 8
MAINLY (ADV) /ˈmeɪnli (chính, ch y ủ ếu) ............ -
- a course designed primarily for specialists
- The problem is not primarily a 9 PRIMARILY
11/................................... /praɪˈmerəli/ financial one.
- The report is primarily concerned with aircraft safety.
- This meal is typical of local cookery. 10 TYPICAL /ˈtɪpɪkl/
- The weather at the moment is not typical for July.
IZONE – Chiến lược học thi IELT S having the usual qualities or features of a particular CHARACTERISTI
12/.......................................................... 11 /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ type of person, thing or C (OF) .....
group (là đặc trưng, tiêu biểu cho...) -
The issue always generates a lot of
13/....................................... debate among academics. 12 GENERATE /ˈdʒ - enəreɪt/ ........................ - The power plant generates
electricity for the whole region. - -
The event poses a threat to
12/.......................................
stability (sựổnđịnh) of this region. 13 POSE A THREAT /poʊz/ /θret/ ........................ PRIME main; most important;
14/.......................................................... - 14 /praɪm/ /ɪɡˈzæmpl/ EXAMPLE
basic(ví dụ tiêu biểu) ..... give attention, effort, etc. - to one particular subject, FOCUS
15/.......................................................... 15 /ˈfəʊ ə k s/ situation or person rather ATTENTION ON /əˈtenʃn/ .....
than another (tập trung sự chú ý vào)
IZONE – Chiến lược học thi IELTS UNIT 2: KEY NOUNS
Below is an incomplete wordlist, fill in these blank boxes with: (1) Meaning of the word Or (2) A sentence example using the word.
Note: you should NO
T use dictionary. Try to guess the word’s meaning from the given example. Words Pronunciation Meaning Example
She wrote an article on the subject of 1 SUBJECT /ˈsʌ ʒ bd ekt/
1/…………………………………. abstract art. 2 THEME
2/………………………………….
The theme of the poem is patriotism
The students were given a list of essay 3 TOPIC /ˈtɒpɪk/
3/…………………………………. topics
Important topic/subject that people are 4 ISSUE /ˈɪsjuː/ discussing or arguing about
4/…………………………………. (vấ đề n )
The book is called “the Nature of 5 NATURE /ˈneɪtʃər/
5/…………………………………. Intelligence”
A typical quality of something/
Something important, interesting or 6 FEATURE /ˈfiːtʃər / typical of a place or thing.
6/………………………………….
(đặc tính, đặc điểm)
Repetition is an important aspect of 7 ASPECT /ˈæspekt/
7/………………………………….
speech development in children 8 APPROACH /əˈprəʊt / ʃ Way of considering
8/………………………………….
IZONE – Chiến lược học thi IELTS (to)
something(phương pháp/cách tiếp cận) 9 Significance (of) /sɪɡˈnɪfɪ ə k ns/
= importance(sự quan trọng, đáng kể)
9/………………………………….
Citizen‟s views on Healthcare systems in 10 Views (on) /vjuː/
10/………………………………….
the European Union has changed
significantly in the last few years
a careful study of a subject, especially Research 11 /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/
in order to discover new facts or
11/…………………………………. (on/into)
information about it (nghiên cứu)
COLLOCATIONS/ ACADEMIC PHRASES /skəʊp/ Beyond the
The political motives for the government‟s 12 scope of /skoʊp/
12/………………………………….
action are beyond the scope of this essay. From my
Different particular or individual ways 13 perspective /pərˈspektɪv/ of considering something
13/…………………………………. (Theo quan m điể c a t ủ ôi) Take an a way of dealing with approach (to st) somebody/something such as a 14 /əˈprəʊtʃ/ problem or a task
14/………………………………….
(đưa ra cách thức, giải pháp)
IZONE – Chiến lược học thi IELTS UNIT 3: KEY VERBS
Below is an incomplete wordlist, fill in these blank boxes with: (1) Meaning of the word Or (2) A sentence example using the word.
Note: you should NO
T use dictionary. Try to guess the word’s meaning from the given example. Words Pronunciation Meaning Example
- We'll make our decision and contact the people involved. INVOLVED (IN)
1/………………………………
- Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn't 1 BE /GET /ɪnˈvɒlvd/ …. want to get involved. INVOLVED IN
- Discuss some of the problems involved in
investigating attitudes to diet and health
- Scientists usually conduct experiments on
2/……………………………… animals. 2 CONDUCT /kən d ˈ ʌkt/ ….
- Describe an investigation you your self could conduct. To think about something
3/……………………………………………… 3 CONSIDER /kən s ˈ ɪdə(r)/
carefully, especially in order to
…………………................
make a decision (cân nhắc) ILLUSTRATE To draw something in order to
4/……………………………………………… 4 /ˈɪləstreɪt/
explain something (minh họa)
……………………………. (ILLUSTRATE A
IZONE – Chiến lược học thi IELTS WITH B) (ASSUME
- He assumed that she would be at home in the (THAT)…… afternoon. 5 /əˈsjuːm/
5/………………………….
- In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10. DEMONSTRATE /ˈdemənstreɪ
To show or make clear (trình 6
6/…………………………………………. (THAT)… t/ bày)
- First of all we must identify the problem 7 IDENTIFY /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/
7/………………………. areas. - S
he was able to identify her attacker To produce a change in 8 AFFECT /əˈfekt/ somebody/something
8/…………………………………………..
(gây ảnh hưởng) PROVIDE 9 PROVIDE SB /prəˈvaɪd/ To give
9/……………………………………….... WITH STHG ATTEMPT 10 /əˈtempt/ To try
10/…………………………………………. ATTEMPT TO V