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Tài liệu nghe môn tiếng anh | trường Đại học Huế
Presenter: And our next caller is Karen. Karen, what’s your experience of public transport?
Karen: Yes, hello, Gary. Well, I commuted to London for over ten years. I caught the train every morning at 7.15 to get to work for nine o’clock, and I wouldn’t get home until about seven o’clock in the evening. And frankly it was a terrible period of my life, really stressful, mainly because of the unreliability of the train service. I was forever arriving late for work. One day I was travelling home when the train broke down and I eventually got back at midnight. Of course, I had to go to work the next day, so off I went for my 7.15 train. I’d been waiting over an hour when they announced that the train was cancelled. That really was the end for me. I arranged with my employer to work at home and I’ve been working at home happily for the last five years. Of course it meant a big salary cut, but I haven’t regretted it for a moment.
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English A12(ĐHH) 18 tài liệu
Đại học Huế 272 tài liệu
Tài liệu nghe môn tiếng anh | trường Đại học Huế
Presenter: And our next caller is Karen. Karen, what’s your experience of public transport?
Karen: Yes, hello, Gary. Well, I commuted to London for over ten years. I caught the train every morning at 7.15 to get to work for nine o’clock, and I wouldn’t get home until about seven o’clock in the evening. And frankly it was a terrible period of my life, really stressful, mainly because of the unreliability of the train service. I was forever arriving late for work. One day I was travelling home when the train broke down and I eventually got back at midnight. Of course, I had to go to work the next day, so off I went for my 7.15 train. I’d been waiting over an hour when they announced that the train was cancelled. That really was the end for me. I arranged with my employer to work at home and I’ve been working at home happily for the last five years. Of course it meant a big salary cut, but I haven’t regretted it for a moment.
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Môn: English A12(ĐHH) 18 tài liệu
Trường: Đại học Huế 272 tài liệu
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lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 Recording scripts
Grammar and Vocabulary for Advanced Unit 1 Liam:
Wel l, I just wa nted to say tha t my experience
i s s imilar to your l ast caller, although I’m a Recording 02
newcomer to commuting by public tra nsport.
Presenter: And our next ca ller is Ka ren. Ka ren, what’s your
I’ve jus t sold my ca r a nd now I go to work by
experience of public transport?
bus . I’d owned a ca r ever since I l eft college, Karen:
Yes , hello, Gary. Well, I commuted to London
but I wa nted to do my bi t to cut down on
for over ten yea rs. I ca ught the tra in every
pol lution. But I have to confess that I’m
morni ng a t 7.15 to get to work for nine o’clock,
regretti ng it already. I’ve a rrived late for work
a nd I wouldn’t get home until about seven
twi ce this week because the bus hasn’t turned
o’cl ock in the evening. And fra nkly i t was a
up on ti me. It’s got s o bad that I’m now
terri ble period of my l ife, real y s tressful,
thi nking of buying a motorbike. It’ll ca use less
ma i nly because of the unreliability of the train
pol lution than a ca r, a nd be more reliable than
s ervi ce. I was forever a rriving late for work. public tra nsport.
One da y I was tra velling home when the train
Presenter: Wel l , it s ounds l ike you’re a nother dissatisfied
broke down a nd I eventually got back at
cus tomer, Liam. But we’ve a lso got Sahar on
mi dnight. Of course, I had to go to work the
the l i ne, and I think s he’s more positive. Sahar,
next da y, s o off I went for my 7.15 tra i n. I’d a re you there?
been waiting over an hour when they Sahar:
I a m, Ga ry, good a fternoon.
a nnounced that the train was ca ncelled. That
Presenter: Hel lo, Sahar, what do you want to tell us?
rea lly wa s the end for me. I arranged with my Sahar:
Wel l, I’d like to put i n a good word for train
empl oyer to work at home a nd I’ve been
tra vel . I’m working a t home while our office
worki ng a t home happily for the last five years.
bl ock is being renovated, and while I’m
Of cours e it meant a big salary cut, but I
a ppreciating being able to get up later than
ha ven’t regretted it for a moment.
us ual, I really miss my daily commute. You get
Presenter: Tha nks for that, Karen. Ca n you just s tay on the
to know the people you tra vel with every da y. I
l i ne? I’m hoping we’ve got Li am on the line.
remember one day I dropped my purse while I Li a m, a re you there?
wa s getting off the train. Another passenger Liam: Yes , I’m here, Gary.
pi cked it up, found my a ddress in i t, and
Presenter: Grea t. And what point do you want to make?
brought i t round to my house later that lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
evening. Another ti me, I’d been working really
ra di o for a while. Much better than the stress of ha rd a nd went commuti ng.
to s l eep and missed my s tation. One of the other
Presenter: You’re very l ucky, Ka ren. We’ve got a nother caller
pa ssengers was getting off a t the next s tation and on the l ine …
s he had her ca r parked there. She woke me up
a nd offered me a lift back to my home. I’d spoken
to her onl y a couple of times before then, but now
s he’s a really good friend. You meet a lot of nice
people, and become a part of the tra velling community.
Presenter: Tha nks, Sahar. That’s a side of commuting we
don’t often hear about. Now, somebody else who
s ees the good side of train journeys – Luka. Are you there, Luka? Luka:
Yes , i ndeed. Actual y, I’m phoning from the tra in on my wa y home from work.
Presenter: And a re you having a good journey? Luka:
Yes , i t’s been fine. But then I l ove tra ins. I’ve
enjoyed tra velling by tra in ever since I was young.
I a dmit that it ca n be frustrating at ti mes. There
a re delays and cancellations, and there a re minor
i rri ta tions like poor mobile phone reception – I’ve
been tryi ng to phone in to your programme for
the l ast half hour, i n fact – but I ca tch the 7.05 a t
the s tation near my home every morning, and s till
fi nd there’s something quite magical a bout
s tepping on to the tra in. And there are cl ear
a dva ntages over driving, a part from the lack of
s tress. I reckon that over the years I’ve s aved a
huge a mount of money by using public tra nsport.
I’ve never real y considered buying a ca r. You ca n
a l so get a l ot of work done. On the train yesterday
morni ng, for example, I’d read a couple of reports
a nd prepared for an important meeting before I
even got to work. Admittedly, I’m quite lucky. The
tra i n company I tra vel with have invested a l ot of
money recently. They’ve bought new trains a nd
ha ve really improved the service. Karen: Ga ry …
Presenter: Ka ren, were you wanting to say s omething? Karen:
Yes , I just wanted to pick up Luka’s point that
tra vel ling by train is less stressful than driving.
Publ ic tra nsport can be stressful, too, when trains
don’t turn up or a re delayed. What’s l ess stressful
i s working a t home. At eight o’clock I’m usually
ha vi ng a leisurely breakfast when most people a re
i n their ca rs or on the train. Yesterday, I’d finished
a l l my work by 2.30, s o I drove to the l ocal pool for
a s wim a nd today I’ve been working hard a ll day,
s o now I’ve got time to relax by l istening to the lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 Kelly:
You mus t be really l ooking forward to going to
Ameri ca. When a re you actually l eavi ng?
Jessica: I’m fl yi ng on the 15th July. I’m spending a few days
s i ghtseeing in New York, a nd then I a rrive i n Los
Angel es on the 20th. Lectures start on the 27th July. Kelly:
Sounds great. And what a bout accommodation?
Jessica: Wel l, first I’m going to stay wi th Daniel and
Sus anna, some friends of my pa rents. Kelly:
You’re not staying with them the whole ti me you’re there, a re you?
Jessica: No, I’l l be l ooking for my own place. But I’m really
pl eased they’ll be around. It’ll be good to know I
ca n contact them i n case I have any problems.
They’re meeting me at the a irport, too. Mind you, I
ha ven’t seen them for years. They’ll have forgotten what I look like. Kelly: And wha t about the course?
Jessica: It l ooks really i nteresting. They s ent me a reading
l i st, but of course I haven’t got round to opening
a ny of the books yet. So it’s going to ta ke a long
ti me to ca tch up. I’ll be studying really hard during
the s emesters so that I don’t have to do much work i n the va cations. Kelly:
And when does the fi rst semester end?
Jessica: The 7th December. Then I’m going to San
Fra ncisco for a week. I’ve always wanted to s ee
the Gol den Gate Bridge. I’m going to fly up there
i f i t’s not too expensive. Kelly:
Do you know when you’ll be back i n Los Angeles?
Jessica: Proba bly mid-December. So you ca n come any ti me a fter that. Kelly:
I’m s o l ooking forward to i t. I’ve always wanted to
go to the Sta tes. I was going to see my a unt in
Sea ttle a couple of years a go, but I cancelled the tri p because she got i ll.
Jessica: Wi l l you stop over a nywhere on the way out? Ma ybe New York or Chi cago? Kelly:
ha ven’t really thought about i t. But I’ve only got
three weeks, so I think I’ll fly directly to Los Angeles.
Jessica: Fi ne. And I’ll meet you a t the airport, of course. By
the ti me you come I’m s ure I’ll have got to know LA
rea lly well, so I’ll be able to s how you all the sights. Kelly:
Yes , I s uppose you will. When I come to s ee you,
you’l l have been living i n Ca lifornia for nearly s ix months.
Jessica: Ha rd to i magine, isn’t it? After Los Angeles, I
thought we could go down to a place called
Hunti ngton Beach. If you bring your tent, we’ll
ca mp there for a few days. The weather will still be
qui te warm, even in the winter. Kelly:
Is n’t i t your birthday a round then?
Jessica: Tha t’s right. I’ll be 21 on the 2nd January. Kelly:
Wel l, that’ll be a real y good way to celebrate. lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 Unit 2 Recording 03
Jessica: The best! I’ll need to get back to Los Angeles for
when the s econd semester s tarts. But you’ll be
s ta yi ng longer, won’t you? Kelly:
Tha t’s right. I don’t have to be back in England until l a ter.
Jessica: Wel l, why don’t you go to the Gra nd Ca nyon? It’s s upposed to be spectacular. Kelly:
Yea h, I might think a bout that. Anyway, a s soon as
I book my ti ckets, I’ll let you know.
Jessica: OK. We ca n s ort out the details closer to the time. Kelly:
Fi ne. Look, i t’s nearly two o’clock. If I don’t go now,
I’m goi ng to be late for my next l ecture. I’ll text you.
Jessica: Yea h, see you. Unit 3 Recording 04
Presenter: And now on Radio Nation, i t’s 8.30 a nd here’s a
s ummary of the l atest news. Ai r passengers
coul d be hit badly today a s cabin crews stay a t
home i n the latest in a s eries of one-day s trikes.
The ma jor a irlines a re warning that up to
100,000 people may experience delays. The
ma naging director of Tra vel Air, David Wade, had thi s warning to the unions.
David: I’m s ure I don’t need to s pell out the chaos being
ca us ed i n the airline i ndustry a s a result of these
s tri kes, and I would like to a pologise to all our
cus tomers. However, the cabin s taff must a ccept
the new working conditions i f the airline is to
compete, a nd the management has no choice but
to s ta nd firm on this issue.
Presenter: But he di dn’t have to wait long for a response. lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
A uni on spokesperson said: ‘I can’t believe Mr
Wa de is being so confrontational. We will not be
bul lied by ma nagement. Eventual y, the airlines
wi l l have to return to the negotiating ta ble.’ Up
to 200 tea chers and pupils had to be evacuated
from Northfield Primary School i n South Wales
toda y a fter a fire broke out i n a n adjacent
bui lding. Al though firefighters were a ble to bring
the fi re under control fairly quickly, they
coul dn’t prevent the fire damaging the school’s
s ports centre. The headteacher said it might be
a number of months before the sports centre is
ba ck i n operation, although the s chool i tself
s hould be able to reopen early next week. The
new Borland Bridge, connecting the i sland to the
ma i nland, was officially opened today by the
Tra ns port Mi nister. However, it’s been i n
opera tion for a few weeks already a nd has
recei ved a mixed reception from islanders. From
Borl a nd, here’s our reporter, Anna Curti s. Anna:
Yes , the new bridge has s tirred up a l ot of strong
emoti on on Borland, and I’m here to gather the
vi ews of s ome of the island’s residents. Excuse
me, wha t do you think of the new bridge?
Resident 1: I thi nk i t wil be of great benefit to the island. We used to be
terri bly i solated here because the ferry s ervi ce was so bad. It’s
onl y a s hort distance, but the crossing would take over a n hour,
a t l east. It could be a very rough journey, too. Ma ny passengers
woul d get seasick during the crossing. Anna:
Excus e me. I’m asking people a bout the effects of the new bridge.
They reckon that tourism on the i sland is set to expand …
Resident 2: Is tha t such a good thing? There a re already fa r too many ca rs
a nd people. We’ll also get wealthy people from the mainland
who ca n a fford second homes. That will push up house prices and
i s landers won’t be a ble to buy properties. That can’t be right,
s urely? There ought to be restrictions on the number of people movi ng here. Anna:
It’s certainly true that the bridge is going to have a major i mpact
on the wa y of life of the people here over the next few years. But
whether that will be a positive or negative effect, only ti me wil tel l .
Presenter: Fol l owing her report on the high l evels of obesity a mong children,
the government’s chief health adviser, Professor Ca rmen Brady,
ha s said that schools have to play a more a ctive role in
encouraging children to take up sports. She has also cri ticised pa rents.
Carmen: Pa rents needn’t be very i nterested i n s port themselves – but they
s hould give their children whatever encouragement they ca n.
Whi le we were gathering i nformation for our report, we found
tha t s ome parents will actual y discourage their children from
ta ki ng up a sport on the basis that they mi ght get distracted from lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
thei r a cademic s tudies. This negative attitude to sport mustn’t be
a l lowed to continue – not i f we are to get on top of the obesity cri s is facing the country.
Presenter: And fi nally the weather. Well, if you’re in the s outh of the
country, you s houldn’t be troubled by a ny ra in today. It will be
wa rm, s unny a nd dry, wi th temperatures up to 22 degrees
Cel s ius. However, i n the north you’re likely to s ee a n occasional
s hower, with ma ximum temperatures of a round 15 degrees. Ra dio Nation news … Recording 05
Announcer: Exam practice, Listening Part 1.
You will hear three different extracts. For
questions 1–6, choose the answer (A, B or C)
which fits best according to what you hear.
There are two questions for each extract.
Announcer: Extract one.
You hear two people on a radio programme
discussing music education for children. Man:
Res earch s hows that the optimum ti me to s ta rt
mus ic education is between the ages of three
a nd four. As well as improving manual
dexterity a nd concentration, i t seems that i t
ma y hel p emotional development, too. And
s ta rting young on understanding musical
nota tion lays down a n excellent foundation for
l a ter on. The piano is the i nstrument that many
pa rents want their children to start l earning,
a nd I think three years old is the ri ght time to s ta rt. Woman:
Sta rti ng early is vi tal, but less demanding
i ns truments would be my choice, things l ike
the recorder or a half-size guitar. Personal y, I
don’t thi nk the piano is the best instrument to
s ta rt wi th so early. Chi ldren have to show the
mental, physical a nd emotional readiness to
l earn an instrument like the piano, which
obvi ously ta kes a l ot of effort a nd
commi tment. In my experience very few
chi l dren under s ix are a ble to ta ke on that kind of cha llenge. Man:
Wel l, I think children of that a ge ca n l earn to
pl a y simple tunes on the piano and they s oon
progress to more complicated pieces i f they ca n rea d music. Woman:
But a ra ther a cademic a pproach will turn
chi l dren off for life if they’re not ready for i t.
Enjoyment has got to be the priority. Man:
Wel l, enjoyment is certainly i mportant, but … lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 [repeat]
Announcer: Extract two.
You hear part of an interview with a rock climber called Ben.
Interviewer: So, Ben, you’re well known in the climbing
worl d as a bit of a loner; you prefer climbing
wi thout other people. Is that true? Ben:
Wel l, to s ome extent. I’ve always talked to
other cl imbers about the technical side of
thi ngs – tra ining, equipment, a nd things like
tha t. But a t the end of the day you’ve got to
l earn independently, through tri al a nd error.
If you’re cl imbing in a group, you’ll always
compa re yourself to others, and that
doesn’t always help you to i mprove. It’s
good to a dmire other cl imbers, but different
thi ngs work best for different people.
Interviewer: So, you never cl imb wi th other people? Ben:
As fa r a s possible, I cl imb alone, but occasional y
I l ook to others for support. When I was
younger, I used to do most of my cl imbing
duri ng the summer holidays, and I haven’t
done much winter cl imbing. So I still feel out of
my depth climbing alone on rock faces covered
i n i ce. When it’s dangerous like that, you need
people who’ve been brought up with it. It’s
good to have people a round to a dvise you on
wha t’s a safe manoeuvre to make in the ci rcums tances. [repeat ]
Police Officer 1: Ri ght, but we needn’t i ntervi ew everyone
i n the block, just the people who have
wi ndows facing the museum. I’ll arra nge tha t.
Police Officer 2: If i t wa sn’t a window, the only other
pos sibility i s that they went in through the
front door. Perhaps they forced the l ock,
but the door didn’t appear to be damaged a t a l l.
Police Officer 1: And the entry code is supposed to be
known only by the security guard.
Police Officer 2: So s omeone else must have opened the door from the inside.
Police Officer 1: Onl y the s ecurity guard was a llowed to
s ta y i n the museum after i t closed. Do you
thi nk they s omehow persuaded him to let
them i n? Ma ybe they just knocked on the
front door a nd he opened i t. lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
Police Officer 2: He s urely wouldn’t have done something
a s s tupid as that. Do you think he might
ha ve been expecting them a nd that he was pa rt of the gang?
Police Officer 1: But then why would they have attacked hi m?
Police Officer 2: I don’t know, but we’d better find out a ll
we ca n a bout that guard as soon as pos sible.
Now, who was i t that raised the alarm?
Police Officer 1: It wa s the head cleaner, who went i nto the
bui lding early this morning. He must have to know the entry code, too.
Police Officer 2: Yes , ma ybe. He s ays the front door was
unl ocked when he got here. But he claims
he di dn’t see a nything else unusual until
he got to the fourth floor. But of course, he mi ght be l ying.
Police Officer 1: Yes , he must know that he ought to have
ca l led the police as soon as he found the
door open. I wonder why he didn’t. I think
we s hould talk to him a gain. I suppose he
coul d be hiding some information from us,
a nd he might be prepared to tell us more if
we put a bit of pressure on him.
Police Officer 2: The other puzzling thing is how they took
the pa intings away. Apparently, they’re
very bi g, s o the robbers must have had to
bri ng a va n around to the front of the bui lding.
Police Officer 1: The dri ver must have been waiting nearby
a nd drove up when they’d got the
pa i ntings. They could have loaded the
pa i ntings up very quickly, a nd mi ght have
Police Officer 1: So, how on earth did they ma nage to get
dri ven straight to a port or a irport. Anyway,
i n? There’s no sign of a forced entry.
the forensic team should have finished
Police Officer 2: Wel l, I suppose they could have got i n
exa mining the building by now. Once
through a window up on the fourth fl oor.
they’ve done that, I think we s hould go and
Police Officer 1: But no one would have dared climb up the
l ook around for ourselves …
outs ide of the building. Anybody tryi ng to
do tha t would have been seen from the
s treet below. You don’t think they would
ha ve been able to jump from the block a cros s the road, do you? lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
Police Officer 2: No, i t’s much too far. Of course, there’s Announcer:
a l ways the fire escape around the back of Extract three.
the building. They could have climbed up You hear
there reasonably easily, a nd after that part of an
they mi ght have been l owered by rope interview
from the roof. If that was the case, people with a restaurant
l i vi ng in the block of flats behind the critic called
mus eum mi ght have seen s omething, so Amanda we need to talk to them. Downing.
Interviewer: You’re s uch a household name, it must be terrifying for staff
when you go into a restaurant. How do they react? Amanda:
It’s true that a l ot of people know me, at l east i n the
res ta urant world, so I always eat with a friend a nd they’ll
ma ke the booking. Often, though, I get recognised and when
tha t ha ppens, i t’s inevi table, I s uppose, that they ta ke a bit
more ca re over s erving the food a nd some seem a bit
nervous. I’ve never been given a complimentary meal,
though, or a nything l ike that. That would be just too
obvi ous, a nd of course i t could be considered unethical to a ccept a gift l ike that.
Interviewer: And wha t makes a good restaurant? Amanda:
A good restaurant is one where the management a nd
wa i ting staff have given s ome thought to why their
cus tomers are there. Most restaurant owners believe that
the ma in reason people go to restaurants is for the food, but
tha t’s completely wrong. The main reason people go to
res ta urants is to have a good ti me, not because they’re
hungry. So there might be a big difference between the
pri ori ties of a restaurant a nd the priorities of diners. For
exa mple, one thing that a restaurant gets judged on i s the
qua lity of servi ce. What restaurant owners think is good is
s ervi ce that is efficient, but what customers have a s their
pri ori ty is friendly s ervice. [repeat] Unit 4 Recording 06 Unit 5 Recording 07
Interviewer: Ri ght, perhaps you could tell me s omething
a bout how you got i nterested i n
envi ronmental science, a nd what experience you ha ve i n the subject. lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 Nazim:
Wel l, I’ve a lways been fascinated by plants
a nd a nimals, and then last year a friend of
mi ne, Mike Proctor, invited me to Bra zil. He’s
the head of a project there run by a European
cha ri ty. The charity’s a im is to help groups of
vi l lagers set up their own schools a nd medical
centres. They a lso encourage sustainable
a gri culture and the setting up of businesses to
s ell l ocal handicrafts. Anyway, i t was during
my s ta y that I really began to understand the
i mpact of cl imate change. I want to learn more
a bout this a nd more general y how decision-
ma ki ng on environmental issues i n one part of
the worl d ca n affect the lives of individuals el sewhere.
Interviewer: You s a y you ‘began to understand the impact
of cl i mate change’. Could you give me an
exa mple of what you s aw i n Brazil that i nfluenced you? Nazim:
Yes , of course. We’ve a ll heard about the
des truction of the rainforest, a nd I was able to
s ee examples of that. But also, people don’t
rea lise that the climate in the region is
cha nging, and that the speed of change is
fri ghtening. There’s been a drought there for a
number of months, a nd ri ver l evels are low. I
ha d direct experience of this when I travelled
wi th Mi ke. Having responsibility for the whole
project i n the area means that his job i nvolves
tra vel ling to some pretty remote a reas.
Sometimes we had to go by boat to get to
s ome of the vi llages, and we had to ca rry the
boa t because there wasn’t enough water i n the ri ver.
Interviewer: And i s this change affecting the lives of local people? Nazim:
A huge amount. The main problem has been
the effect of the drought on food supplies.
The ma jority of people there a re farmers,
a nd a ll of them have lost a nimals and crops.
The cha rity’s project has been a success so
fa r, i n that l evels of i ncome from the s ale of
ha ndicrafts have increased. But, of course,
fi nancial s uccess i sn’t everything. It’s hard to
i ma gine a future without fa rming i n an area l i ke that.
Interviewer: Your tri p to Bra zil s ounds like a n amazing
experience. And since you’ve been back, have
you done anything to develop your interest i n the a rea? lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 Nazim:
Yes , I’ve read a book a bout energy
cons erva tion a nd how this might slow down cl i mate change.
And I wa s particularly i nterested in how the
Netherlands has begun to tackle the problem.
The government has i ntroduced s ome really
i nteresting projects on energy-saving in ci ties –
the us e of low-energy l ight bulbs to reduce the
cons umption of lighting energy, better
i ns ulation for homes, a nd things like that.
There’s also a massive recycling s cheme, which
i s s aving an enormous amount of waste.
Wha t’s needed now, though, is to expand work
l i ke this a cross the world.
Interviewer: And wha t are your plans for the future? What
do you wa nt to do a fter you’ve left college? Nazim:
Actua l ly, I’d like to go into politics. We’ve got,
s omehow, to persuade governments i n
developed countries to change their priorities.
For exa mple, even if just a smal percentage of
the money s pent on the a rms tra de could go
i nto ta ckling climate change, I’m sure we could ma ke a difference.
Interviewer: And you thi nk that as a politician, you’d be a bl e to do this? Nazim:
I’d certa inly l ike to try.
Interviewer: Before we finish, have you got any questions
a bout the course here a t the college? Nazim:
I’ve noti ced that statistics is i ncluded in the
cours e. I’m a bit concerned a bout that.
Interviewer: I woul dn’t worry a bout i t. You’d be a ble to get
by wi th a reasonable knowledge of maths. Nazim:
Tha t’s very reassuring. I a lso wanted to ask
a bout the field tri p for second-year s tudents.
Interviewer: OK. Second-year s tudents go to Nepal in
June, l ooking at the ecology of mountain envi ronments. Nazim:
Tha t s ounds l ike a fa ntastic opportunity. Unit 6 Recording 08
Announcer: Speaker one.
Speaker 1: I took up running a couple of years a go. Until
then, I did a bit of s port a t s chool, but I didn’t
do much outside school at a ll. In fa ct, I
s uppose I didn’t have many i nterests – except
pl a ying computer ga mes. Then I went to
wa tch my uncl e in a 5k fun run – i t was to
ra i se money for charity. I thought the whole
event was brilliant and every runner there lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
s eemed to be enjoying it. There was a nother
fun run l ater i n the year a nd I signed up for a
l a ugh. I didn’t do a ny proper tra ining for it,
jus t a bit of jogging around the park a fter s chool, lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
s o I wa s really surprised when I
thi nk about a ll kinds of s tuff when I’m running, and I
ma naged to run all the way. Now I run
know i t’s really good for my heart a nd l ungs. Sure,
nea rly every da y a nd I get a lot of
s ome people get running injuries, but I’ve been l ucky –
s a tisfaction out of it. My fri ends a ll I’ve ha d none s o far.
thi nk I’m cra zy. None of them like the
tha n when I was younger. Ma ybe i t’s because I
thought of running l ong distances. I
run more s lowly! Actually, I feel a lot healthier, a nd I
Announcer: Speaker two.
even s leep a little better after I’ve been out running.
Speaker 2: I’d never real y thought a bout exercise a nd
But I thi nk the best thing for me is the social contact.
keeping fi t until a couple of years ago. My
We’ve got a running club in our vi llage – I moved
boyfri end a nd I were in town late a nd we had
here when I retired – a nd before I joined the cl ub I
to run to ca tch the last bus home – just a
ha d very few friends who lived nearby. Now, many
coupl e of hundred metres. By the time we got
of my cl os est friends are the runners in the club.
Next s pri ng we’re all going to Ma drid to run i n a
to the bus s top, both of us were completely
ma ra thon for over 60s only. Of cours e, we know that
exha usted! On the way home we s tarted
not a l l of us will finish, but you ca n be sure that
ta l king. Neither of us did any exercise and I
every one of us will have a real y good time. My a i m
di dn’t do much with my free time – just
i s to complete the course and do it i n l ess than six
rea ding magazines and eating biscuits! By the
hours . But I know it won’t be easy!
ti me we got home, we’d each decided to ta ke
up a di fferent activity for s ix months and see Recording 09
who could lose the most weight. My boyfriend Announcer: Exam practice, Listening Part 2.
joi ned a gym, a nd I s tarted running i n the l ocal
You will hear a woman called Janet Naylor talking
pa rk – jus t a few hundred metres at fi rst, a nd
about her experience as a volunteer in Tanzania. For
gra dually building up. Now I run a few
questions 1–8, complete the sentences with a word
ki l ometres each day. Of course, that ta kes up or short phrase.
qui te a lot of ti me a nd my boyfri end moans Janet:
Ea rl ier this year I fulfil ed a lifelong ambition of mine
a bout that sometimes. But a fter I’ve been
by worki ng for three months as a vol unteer i n a n
s i tting a t my computer all day I can’t wait to go
Afri ca n country. I’m i n my l ate 50s now and I don’t
out for a run. We certainly both got a lot fitter
ha ve the commitments that have previously held me
a nd I’ve l ost a l ot of weight. Not all the effects
ba ck, l ike bringing up s mall children. I’ve worked in
a re positive, of course – I’ve had a few
ma rketing for much of my l ife, and I wanted to use
probl ems with sore knees and sprained ankles.
the s kills I have to help out in a
I s uppose a ll exercise carri es s ome risks, but
s ma ll way. I applied to do voluntary work a couple of years ago,
there i sn’t much evidence that running causes
but i t wa sn’t until a bout a year later that a suitable
ma jor problems if you warm up carefully a nd
s cheme came up a nd I was asked to go. The reaction
ha ve good footwear. It’s one of the few sports
of my fri ends to the news was very i nteresting. The
where no s pecial equipment’s needed – just a
ma jority of them told me how impressed they were, pa i r of running s hoes.
a nd a lot said that given the opportunity they’d l ike
to do s omething similar – a lthough I must say tha t
Announcer: Speaker three.
s ome of them were not so keen when I told them
Speaker 3: I ha d three older brothers a nd I think they
l a ter about how basic the conditions were. But a few
coul d all have been Ol ympic athletes if they’d
cl ea rly disapproved of what I was doing. They argued
ha d the opportunity. So it was quite natural
tha t I wa s patronising Afri cans by i ntervening a nd
tha t I would go out running with them. I think
tel ling them how to run their l ives. But I saw it
I s ta rted at a bout the age of 10, a nd I’ve been
runni ng regularly a ll my life. Now that I’m
getti ng older I go out running every couple of
da ys , but if the weather’s bad I might go a ll
week without a run. I certainly go out a l ot
l ess during the winter. Well, who would want
to go runni ng on a horrible rainy day?
Inevitably, you get a few i njuries, too –
everyone gets aching muscles after a long run,
a nd I used to get back pain occasionally. But
s urprisingly, I seem to have fewer i njuries now
very cl os e colleagues and friends. But I still live
nea r the s chool a nd I go back on every possible occa s ion. lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
Interviewer: Tel l us something a bout the process of your
wri ti ng. How ca refully do you outline the s tory
ra ther differently. It’s true that in a n
i deal world, development s chemes a t the very beginning?
s hould be set up by the communities David:
Before I s tart writing I a lways know how a
thems elves that they’re going to
book i s going to end, a lthough I ra rely have a
benefit. But sometimes local people
cl ea r idea a t the beginning of how the
don’t yet ha ve the necessary s kil s to
cha ra cters will develop. As I wri te, gradually
ma ke them effective, and need some
they grow i nto real people i n my own mind.
ki nd of outside, expert support such
But s ometimes even I’m surprised a t how they
a s i nternational a gencies. And that’s turn out!
where I came in. I was a n adviser to a
Interviewer: And wha t about your daily work routine?
s cheme based i n a village of a bout David:
I s uppose I’m fairly disciplined in my wri ting.
200 people in Ta nzania. It i nvolved
I’m generally up a t about 7.00 i n the morning,
bui lding concrete tanks to capture
a nd I usually s tart work by a bout eight o’clock.
wa ter during the wet season with the
I work upstairs – we’ve converted our attic
a i m of reducing the problem of
i nto a study. In the early s tages of a new book
drought during the rest of the year.
I’l l often go to the ci ty l ibrary i n the a fternoon
Wi th better irri gation would come to do s ome research.
more reliable crops, so that the
Interviewer: You don’t use the Internet?
vi l lagers wouldn’t be s o dependent David:
As a rul e I prefer finding i nformation from
on i nternational aid. The problems
books, a nd I only turn to the Internet as a last
there were getting real y s erious. res ort.
There had hardly been a ny ra in in the
Interviewer: Let’s go on now to your latest novel, A Woman
a rea for the previous three or four
Alone. I wa s s urprised to fi nd i t set i n Norway.
yea rs . The whole region was on the David:
Yes , I finished my previous book l ast Ja nuary.
Interviewer: In the s tudio today we have the novelist David
I’d been feeling really tired, and I was a ware
Ba rdreth, whose most recent book, A Woman
tha t I needed rest and a source of fresh ideas. I
Alone, wa s published last week. Welcome to
ta ught English i n Sweden a fter I l eft university the programme, Davi d.
– a nd I still s peak Swedish quite well – but I David: Tha nks for i nviting me.
ha dn’t been to Norway before. There are a l ot
Interviewer: Now, Da vi d, you came relatively l ate to
of hi storical l inks between Norway a nd the wri ti ng, didn’t you?
north of Scotland, so I decided to spend some David:
Wel l, I suppose I’d always been a writer –
weeks there. Some of the geographical
poems, short s tories, and so on – but only my
s ettings used i n A Woman Alone a re based on
cl os e family had read anything I’d written until
pl a ces I vi sited while I was travelling around.
I ha d my fi rst novel published in my early 40s .
Interviewer: And A Woman Alone s eems to be more
Interviewer: And how did you feel a bout that?
pers onal than many of your other works. David:
Oh, i t fel t fantastic havi ng my first book David:
I’d a l ready decided that I wanted to write published.
a bout a single-parent family. As you may
Interviewer: At tha t ti me you were a primary s chool
know, my s ister a nd I were brought up by my
tea cher i n your native Scotland. At what stage
mother on her own. The mother in the story, di d you l eave teaching?
El s a, is very protective of her children, as was David:
Unti l my third novel was published, I was
my own mother, but a lthough they have
ha ppy to teach during the day a nd write in the
certa i n common characteristics, Elsa is not
evening a nd a t weekends. But I found that
rea lly modelled on my mother. Elsa is quite a
there wasn’t enough ti me to do both as well
domi nant fi gure and a woman s usceptible to
a s I wanted to, so I l eft teaching a nd I started
peri ods of depression, whereas my mother
wri ti ng professionally. Some of my cl ose
wa s a ra ther gentle woman a nd a lways calm.
fri ends thought I was mad to gi ve up my job,
Interviewer: And when you’re researching and writing
a nd I was greatly relieved that my s ubsequent
books, do you have ti me to read other books s old quite well. people’s novels?
Interviewer: So, no regrets about leaving teaching? David:
I do, yes . One novelist I greatly a dmire is David:
Oh, i t wa s the most difficult decision
Wi l liam Boyd. He writes s imply, but with
i ma ginable! I’d worked a t the same s chool for
grea t control of language. I’ve just finished
a bout 15 years, a nd I felt bad l eaving the
hi s excellent novel, Restless. It’s a quite chi l dren and also some rema rkable story. lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
bri nk of starvation and handouts
exporti ng some produce, a nd i t’s built a primary
from cha ri ties were the only thing
s chool a nd a small health centre. It’s very gra tifyi ng
tha t kept people alive. The s cheme
to know tha t the scheme has completely
ha d been underway for l ess than a
tra ns formed its prospects, and the village i s now well
yea r when I arri ved, a nd my brief was
on i ts way to becoming a thriving community.
to s uggest ways i n which the villagers
Announcer: Now listen to Part 2 again.
coul d market a ny a gricultural
production that was s urplus to their Unit 15
own requirements – a ny food that
they di dn’t need themselves. I’ve Recording 20
hea rd now that the vi llage is making
money from i ts crops by selling them
i n other parts of Tanzania and even Unit 8 Recording 11 Alice: Hi everyone!
Ryan / Luke / Kathy: Hi / How a re you doing? / Hi, Al i ce.
Alice: Li s ten, we need to make a decision a bout our hol iday. If
we don’t decide s oon, it’ll be too late to get anywhere
to s ta y. It’s got to be Corfu, hasn’t it?
Ryan: I’m not s ure how we’d get there.
Luke: Wel l, my brother went there last year. He flew to Rome,
then took a train to Brindisi, and then had to get a boa t. Kathy:
No, i t’s not as difficult as that. We could fly from
London to Athens and then ta ke a flight from there
to Corfu. It ta kes a bout six hours. I’ve had a l ook on
the Internet and it l ooks like there’s a flight that l eaves
London at a bout ten in the morning. But we need to
book s oon. The longer we leave i t, the more expensive i t’s going to be.
Ryan: But obvi ously i t would be much easier getting to
Athens – there’s lots of flights and we wouldn’t have to cha nge. lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 Luke:
Then what about s omewhere to stay? Aren’t hotels
s upposed to be pretty expensive in Corfu?
Alice: Wel l, I’ve found three that seem possible. I’ve pri nted
off the details here. They all l ook pretty good, and
they’re ri ght next to the best beach on the island.
Luke: Whi ch one’s cheapest?
Alice: Er … thi s one here. 60 euros a night for a double room. Luke:
Wel l, a ccommodation would be cheaper i n Athens, I
thi nk. It says in my guidebook that there are rea s onable
hotel rooms for as l ittle as 40 euros a night. There’s one
here recommended. It’s a bit fa r from the ci ty centre,
but i t’s on the metro, so it’s easy enough to get i nto the centre from there.
Kathy: It woul dn’t be a s nice a s being a ble to look out over a
bea ch … Wha t worries me is what we’d do i n Athens for a couple of weeks.
Ryan: Look, Athens is one of the oldest ci ties i n the worl d.
There’s lots of museums, a nd then there’s the Acropol is lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 wi th the Parthenon. Kathy:
I remember going to Rome with my parents once. We
s pent the whole time l ooking a t museums and art
ga l leries, a nd it was the most boring holiday I’ve ever ha d.
Alice: Yea h, I think i t’d be more fun to go to Corfu. I much
prefer l ying on a beach to walking around art galleries
a l l day. And it would be more peaceful than being i n a
ci ty. I wa nt to come home more relaxed and healthier
… not unhealthier than when I went a way!
Kathy: Yes , I’d prefer to go to a n island, too, although I don’t
wa nt to l ie on the beach a ll day. Ma ybe we could hire a
ca r a nd explore the island a bit.
Alice: Yea h, we want to see as much as possible, and a
ca r woul d be the easiest way of getting around. It’s
proba bly not as unspoilt as s ome of the other Greek
i s lands, but it’s still s upposed to be a really beautiful
pl a ce, so we’ll want to see as much as we can. What
a bout the weather i n August? I know we all want to
s ee some sunshine, but i sn’t Athens supposed to be
i ncredibly hot i n August? I’ve heard that i t gets so hot
tha t a l ot of people l eave the ci ty to find somewhere cool er.
Ryan: No, my fri end Mark used to work there as an English lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
Interviewer: I’l l certainly a dd tha t to my l i st of books to
tea cher, a nd he reckons the heat is nowhere near a s rea d.
ba d a s people say. Anyway, i sn’t Corfu likely to be as
And wha t about your present writing project?
Wha t a re you working on now?
hot a s Athens at that ti me of the year? David:
Wel l, I don’t know if I can tell you yet! I’m still
s ketching out the plot, so it’s very much in the
Alice: I thi nk you get the breezes off the sea … ea rl y s tages.
Interviewer: I know there’ll be a lot of people waiting Unit 9
ea gerly to get hold of i t … Da vid Bardreth, Recording 12
tha nk you for ta lking to us.
Fi rs t, l et me introduce myself. I’m Dr Lynn Jones, and I’ll be David: My pl easure.
ta ki ng you for the first five l ectures in this course on
fi rs tlanguage l earning. I’d like to begin today’s session by
hi ghlighting s ome of the main a reas that I’ll be covering
wi th you. From the moment they wa ke up, infants are keen
to i nteract a nd communicate with others. This interaction
ma y not, of course, be with people. Early morning s ounds
from a chi ld’s bedroom may be them babbling to
thems elves, or s peech as a child s peaks to their toys. I
recently bought my two-year-old daughter a cuddly
el ephant, a nd i t has become the ‘person’ she talks to each
morni ng l ying in bed. And as my three-year-old dresses
hers elf, she likes to talk to each i tem of cl othing: ‘Red
jumper, your turn …’. So the first l ecture will be about what
I ca l l ‘private’ conversations. Of course, a child’s parents a re
us ually their most i mportant focus of interaction, and i n the
s econd session we’ll be exploring the part that parents play
i n very ea rly communication. The fi rst s tage of interactive
pl a y might be a child giving a toy to their mother or offering
her s ome food. And even before they ca n use words, infants
empl oy their faces, bodies a nd s ounds to communicate
wha t they want. A ha nd outstretched to a toy could mean
‘Gi ve i t to me’, or a broken toy handed to a parent wi th an
‘Aa a ’ might mean ‘Mend this for me’. Pa rents encourage
thi s kind of i nteraction by, for example, hiding an object
behind them and asking ‘Where’s it gone?’. At first, i nfants
poi nt, and then later verbalise a response. The importance
of i nfants listening to a dults speaking for the development
of thei r own language cannot be overestimated.
Ma ny pa rents play ‘follow the instructions’ games with their
thi rd a rea we’ll be looking at i s the relationship between
chi l dren when they first become mobile, s aying things like
l i stening a nd the development of speech. Interactions
‘Go to the toybox a nd fi nd the ca r for me’ or ‘Fetch me your
between i nfants will often copy pa rental speech and
ha t’, a lthough as the parents of older children will know, the
behavi our. Two smal children a t a nursery s chool mi ght hug
novel ty for children of following i nstructions s oon wears off!
ea ch other when they meet each morning, because that’s
Rea ding s tories for young children is a similarly i mportant
wha t parents do to the children when they a re collected
pa rt of this process of listening a nd understanding. But even
from s chool. Most parents at s ome time hear their child say
when children are not being a ctively encouraged to listen,
s omething and ask themselves the question: ‘Did they copy
they wi ll be s eeking to make s ense of the l anguage they
tha t from us?’. Of course, it is very di fficult to assess exactly
hea r. When children appear to be busying themselves with
the extent of parental influence. Take, for example, the area
thei r toys, or a pplying themselves to painting a picture, they
of confl ict. It i s not uncommon to see in a nursery s chool
wi l l be absorbing the speech they hear a round them and
two s mall children playing with each other peacefully one
often copying what they hear i n their own s peech. So the
moment, but they mi ght be hitting each other the next. If lO M oARcPSD| 45467232
thei r language is more developed, they mi ght each blame
a i rline. Eventually, they found me a n alternative
the other for a broken toy or a s pilt drink. While these
fl i ght a day l ater. It meant fl ying to Bali a nd then
woul d be uncharacteristic of normal adult i nteraction,
ta ki ng a ferry to Lombok, but I decided to go
perha ps the conflicts between parents witnessed by s mall
a head. The journey went very s moothly until we
chi l dren somehow a re mimicked i n these arguments. A
got to Lombok. Apparently, there’d been a fire
fourth a rea, then, wil be the extent to which patterns of
a nd we were made to wait outside the harbour
communication a re copied. A fi nal subject I wil examine for hours , and the sea was
duri ng the course is that of problems i n language very rough …
a cquisition. We mi ght consider first-language learning
Presenter: … a nd you were seasick.
na tural, a normal process that everyone goes through, a nd Simon:
Very! And, of cours e, because I’d changed my
Dr Ja ckma n will be describing this process to you in detail in
fl i ght, I also had to s tay i n a different hotel. I’d
l a ter talks. However, a significant number of children either
rea lly been l ooking forward to s tayi ng at the
a cquire l anguage more slowly than the usual ra te, or never
Hotel Sanar in Mataram, but I had to make do
rea ch a n a verage l evel of language proficiency. This topic
wi th a l ess luxurious place – no pool, and no TV
wi l l obviously be of particular i mportance to those of you i n my room.
who a re going on to work with children with l earning
Presenter: And wha t a bout Lombok itself?
di fficulties, or as s peech therapists. So, first of all then, l et’s
Simon: Oh, i t wa s beautiful. A number of people had
l ook at the priva te conversations that infants engage i n …
encouraged me to go to the coral reefs off the northwest
coa s t of the island. I managed to find a friendly ta xi driver Unit 10
ca l led Arun to ta ke me a nd wait for me there. Now, when I
wa s younger I used to hate swimming i n the sea. But I went Recording 13
s norkelling for the first ti me just last year and loved i t, so I
Presenter: Hel lo. All you regular l isteners to Traveller’s
coul dn’t wait to have a nother go. The coral was just a few
World wi ll know that our i ntrepid reporters a re
metres off the beach, so it was quite safe … Presenter: Unti l
s ent around the globe, coming back with stories … ? Wha t ha ppened?
of ma rvellous ti mes s pent i n exotic l ocations. In Simon:
Wel l … I’d been s wimming for a few minutes.
toda y’s programme, however, we begin with a
The cora l was fantastic – s ome of the best I’ve
tri p tha t had a nightmare start – jus t to reassure
s een. And then all of a sudden there was this
you tha t even professional travellers ca n get i t
huge jellyfish i n front of me, a nd I couldn’t get wrong.
out of the way. As i t swam past I felt i t stinging
So, Si mon Ri cher, tel l us your s orry ta l e.
me a cross the stomach. I s tarted screaming – i t
Simon: Hel lo, Ja ckie. Yes, my a ssignment was to vi sit the
wa s incredibly painful – a nd headed back to the
bea utiful island of Lombok in Indonesia. I was supposed to
bea ch. Fortunately, there was a s mall s ettlement
ha ve been flying from London to Singapore a nd then from
nea rby and some of the vi llagers helped ca rry
Si ngapore to Ma taram in Lombok. I a rranged for a ta xi to
me ba ck to my ta xi. Arun was fantastic. He took
col l ect me from home in good time, but i t eventually turned
me to the l ocal clinic a nd the doctors were up a n hour late.
excel lent. I really a ppreciated them l ooking a fter
Presenter: So you were l ate to the airport.
me s o well. It was sore for a few days, though, Simon:
Got there just as they were closing the check-in
a nd I was told to ta ke things easy.
des k. I handed over my s uitcase but then, to my
Presenter: So how di d you s pend the rest of your time
horror, I found I didn’t have my passport! I’d there?
been so a nxious to get into the taxi that I’d forgotten to pick it up.
Presenter: How very unprofessional of you! Simon:
I know. In 25 yea rs of air tra vel, that’s the first
ti me i t’s ever happened to me. So back home I
went to get i t, and then off to plead wi th the lO M oARcPSD| 45467232 Simon:
Wel l, Arun really took ca re of me. The next
mes sages could be transmitted without the need for the
da y we went on to drive towards Mount
connecting wires that were used in the electric telegraph.
Ri njani, the highest mountain in Lombok. The
For s ome ti me he was only a ble to tra nsmit signals over a
mountain’s thought by s ome to have been
few hundred metres, and there were ma ny people who
crea ted by the god Batara. According to
doubted Marconi would ever s ucceed. The first public
tra di tion, he created l ight and the Earth and
demonstration of the power of ra dio ca me i n 1901, when
s ti ll lives i n Rinjani. And a s we stopped to
Ma rconi announced that he had received
a dmire the amazing sunset, it was almost
a tra nsmission from a cross the Atlantic. The old photograph
pos sible to believe it. I real y regret not having
tha t you ca n see a head of you s hows Marconi a t Signal Hill ta ken my ca mera with me.
i n St. John’s, Newfoundland, where this first tra nsmission
Presenter: No ca mera ?
wa s received. Soon after, Ma rconi opened a ‘wireless Simon:
Ah, no. Tha t was another of my di sasters. I’d
tel egraph’ factory i n England, which employed around 50
pi cked up my passport, but then I’d left my
people. There are just a few of the ‘wireless telegraphs’ that
ca mera. I tri ed using the camera in my mobile
the fa ctory produced left i n the world, an example of which
phone, but the quality was pretty poor.
you ca n s ee i n Ca se 2. These early ra dio systems could only
Presenter: And wha t a bout the people i n Lombok?
be us ed for Morse code, in which each l etter of the Simon:
Arun’s fa mily lived cl ose to the mountain. I was
a l phabet is represented by a combination of dots and
rea lly i nterested in seeing what it was like in a
da s hes. Radio waves could not ca rry s peech until a method
tra di tional Lombok family a nd he i nvited me to
ha d been developed whereby the l owfrequency wa ves
s ta y wi th them. Very s oon I ca me to realise
produced in a microphone could be combined with high-
tha t the Lombok people a re very ki nd a nd
frequency ra dio waves. The i nvention that made this
hos pitable. It wasn’t l ong before I was
pos sible was the vacuum tube or thermionic va lve. You can
begi nning to feel quite a t home there. Arun’s
s ee examples of these in Case 3. In s everal countries, ra dios
fa mi ly are Sasak, who make up a bout 80% of
beca me the main means of communication during the
the population. The Sasaks are thought to have
1930s a nd 1940s . The next photograph s hows a family
ori gi nal y come to Lombok from India or
ga thered a round the ra dio i n the mid-1930s. Radio Burma .
entertainers, many of whom became household names,
Presenter: So the tri p a ctually ended quite positively?
were highly paid. In Britain, the popularity of ra dio Simon:
Abs olutely! I considered staying for a few more
i ncreased until 1952, by whi ch ti me four out of fi ve
da ys , but I didn’t have time. But I really hope to
hous eholds owned one. You can probably guess the reason
go ba ck i n the next few years. The island
why ra di o began to l ose some of its popularity i n the early
obvi ously wants to encourage tourism to boost
1950s – competi tion from television. Move now to Room
the economy, but I’d l ove to think that i t could
36, where you can find i nformation and displays about the
a voi d a huge expansion i n vi sitors.
ea rl y days of television …
Presenter: Tha nk you, Simon. Unit 12 Unit 11 Recording 15 Recording 14
Interviewer: Photogra phs of food a re all around us, i n
The s tory of ra dio probably begins with Heinrich Hertz, who
wa s the first to produce ra dio waves in a laboratory. He
a dvertisements, magazines and cookbooks.
devi sed a n experiment i n which a s park jumped a cross a gap
Toda y’s guest is Helena Palmer, who has made a
i n a metal ri ng when a s parking coil was held a few metres
a wa y. The model that you can see in Case 1 s hows how this
hi ghly s uccessful ca reer out of food photography.
works . For most people, however, i t is the Italian Guglielmo
Ma rconi whose name is mainly associated with the Wel come, Helena.
development of radio. Before Ma rconi’s breakthrough, it Helena: Tha nk you.
wa s possible only to s end electrical messages, or
‘tel egraphs’, along fixed wires. This obvi ously greatly
Interviewer: So how di d you become involved in food
res tri cted the places to which telegraphs could be s ent.
Ma rconi ’s goal was to fi nd a system where telegraphic
photography – was your first i nterest the food or