Writing-3-VNK - english | Đại học Văn Lang

P1 *INTRODUCTION Hook ( general topic)
State the problem ( narrowed down )
(bridge or transition sentences
Thesis statement ( direct or indirect) **always at the end
1.1. HOOK: The hook is the first statement in a piece of writing. It may be composed
of one sentence (generally for shorter pieces) or multiple sentences (for longer
ones), but the goal of any good hook is to firmly get the reader’s attention.  SOME GOOD HOOKS FOR ESSAY:
- An intriguing rhetorical question (một câu hỏi mang tính hùng biện)
ex: Is it ethical to eat animals? Or is it too late to save our planet from climate change? 
A suprising fact or statistic (can be made up but not too exaggerated)
Ex: A group of scientists from the US has indicated that in the US, 1 in 5
students ages 12-18 has been bullied during the school year. Or
A survey made in 2016 has shown that students are less likely to report bullying
as they get older. Only 39% of high schoolers notified an adult of bullying.
- A relevant quotation or poem (CANT BE MADE UP)
Ex: (love topic) – “I’m one of them, those who die when they love” Said Mamoud Darwish.
(WAR topic) – “The first casualty of war is innocence” Said Oliver Stone
- An interesting anecdote/ story (not recommended)
- A description ( hook của một bài essay nghị luận về những chính sách mới trong
tái chế có thể lôi kéo người đọc bằng một số sự mô tả về số phận của những viên
pin hoặc một số vật liệu độc hại khác nếu chúng không được tái chế) - A Common misconception
Ex: Fortune cookies are not found in Chinese cuisine. They were invented in Japan
and introduced to the US by the Japanese.
1.2THESIS STATEMENT ( DIRECT OR INDIRECT) ( CÂU NÊU LUẬN ĐIỂM)
* thesis statement is located at the end of the introduction.
3 đặc điểm: súc tích (concise), cụ thể (specific), có tính tranh luận (arguable).
1. A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand.
For example, if you are writing a paper for a class on fitness, you might be asked to
choose a popular weight-loss product to evaluate. Here is the thesis statement:
As Slimming Tea Supplement promotes rapid weight loss that results in the loss of
muscle and lean body mass, it poses some potential dangers to customers including
an increase in diarrhea (IDEA 1), cramps (MAIN idea 2), and a cause of heart attacks(main idea3).
Example: writing an essay on the advantageous aspects of implementing internet uses on education:
The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: it
facilitates easier access to information( IDEA 1), exposure to different
perspectives( MAIN IDEA 2 ), and a flexible learning environment for both students
and teachers( MAIN IDEA 3). P2 BODY 2.1 TOPIC SENTENCE
*A topic sentence is the opening sentence to a paragraph that gives the general idea
(topic) of what the writing will be about
Topic Sentence:There are many reasons why pollution in
Saigon is the worst in the world.
The topic is "pollution in Saigon is the worst in the world" and
the controlling idea is "many reasons."
 You explain the ideas based on the controlling idea “many reasons”
Topic Sentence:To be an effective CEO requires certain characteristics.
The topic is "To be an effective CEO" and the controlling idea
is "certain characteristics.”
 You explain what characteristics it needs based on the
controlling idea “certain characteristics.”
Topic Sentence:There are many possible contributing factors to global warming.
The topic is "global warming" and the controlling idea is "contributing factors."
Topic Sentences as Transitions
- Another way to reduce teen pregnancy rates is improved education.
- In addition to needing the correct tools, cooking requires a number of different skills
Supporting Your Topic Sentence
*Using your topic sentence as a frame, you can then fill in the reasons
or evidence you have outlined in your controlling idea. For example, a
paragraph that supports a topic sentence might look like this:
Cats are very good pets for several reasons. They are naturally
good caregivers because they take care of their kittens, so they want
to take care of their owners as well. Cats are quite clean, and if you
train them to use a litter box, they require almost no cleanup in their
areas. Finally, cats are independent, so you don't need to worry about
them being lonely when you're at school all day. They really are the
ideal pet for almost any owner.
 This lead us to another important component of writing: THE SUPPORTING IDEAS.
*nếu ví thesis statement là bộ não và topic sentence là trái tim thì
những SUPPORTING IDEAS chính là bộ xương để giữ lấy trái tim và bộ não.
Khi đưa ra một quan điểm (TOPIC SENTENCE) để mở đầu đoạn thì người viết phải giải
thích cho quan điểm đó bằng những lý do (reasons) phù hợp.(SUPPORTING IDEAS) 
Main idea >> Supporting idea >> Example 
Xét ví dụ sau đây: 
To begin with, it can be considered as an effective measure to
deal with traffic jams when people commute by means of
public transport instead of private vehicles$(1).Indeed, the
traffic infrastructure in some countries cannot meet the citizen’s
demand as the roads are too narrow, compared with a huge
number of cars in use on a daily basis(2).Consequently, public
transport such as buses and subways can solve the gridlocks as
many people can travel in a long distance at the same
time(3).This can be exemplified by the prime case of Japan,
where inhabitants mainly commute to work by subway, which can
partly mitigate traffic jams during rush hour$(4).
Trong đó: câu số 1 là Topic sentence 2 3 là supporting idea 4 example. 
Lưu ý rằng với từng idea, chúng ta không nhất thiết phải sử
dụng tất cả các cách khai triển trên. Tùy vào từng trường
hợp, chúng ta có thể lựa chọn những cách tốt và phù hợp
nhất. Giả sử với một idea nào đó, bạn không thể nghĩ ra một
ví dụ nào hay, thì bạn hoàn toàn có thể bỏ qua cách này và
sử dụng phần Giải thích hoặc Kết quả để khai triển. *components:
- Từ nối chỉ nguyên nhân – kết quả: Due to / Because of, Since / As /
Because, hoặc Therefore / As a result…
– Từ nối dùng để lấy ví dụ: such as / For example / For instance
*XEM VÍ DỤ NHIỀU HƠN Ở FILE TRANSITION WORD NHÉ. P3. CONCLUDING SENTENCE
* a concluding sentence is usually the last sentence of the paragraph that
summarizes the main idea of the paragraph  ***some notes:
Không nên đưa thông tin mới vào kết bài, chỉ đóng vấn đề lại 
Thể hiện rõ ràng quan điểm của bạn về vấn đề của đề bài đưa ra 
tránh lặp lại giống phần mở bài (mà cần paraphrase) 
Hãy chú ý để dành một ít thời gian để viết kết bài, dùthân bài
hay tới mức nào và không có kết bài thì điểm thí sinh vẫn thấp. 
Không nên dùng những “must” hay “have to” vì những từ này
thể hiện sự áp đặt,cứng nhắc thay vào đó hãy dùng cụm từ như
“It is the responsibility of…”, may,might, to some extend… 3.1 EXAMPLES.
ĐỀ : HOW DOES HAVING A SON DIFFERS FROM HAVING A DAUGHTER.
mở bài: Apparently, having a child is every couple’s dream. This implies that both the wife and
the husband now hold bigger responsibilities not just for themselves but also for their children,
and the child’s gender will determine the dissimilarities of such duties including Biological
Differences, clothing choices, and the child’s character development.
CONCLUDING SENTENCE : ( RESTATE THE MAIN IDEA , PARAPHRASE)
To summarize, while each child is an individual with their own distinct personality and
preferences, certain commonalities may be identified when comparing the experiences of having
a son with raising a daughter. By comprehending these fundamental differences parents are more
competent to give their boys and daughters the encouragement, support, and direction they require to thrive.
NOTES *** FILE NÀY LÀ FILE KIẾN THỨC NỀN TẢNG VÀ GENERAL NHẤT CỦA
MÔN WRITING 3 MÀ AI CŨNG NÊN BIẾT ( LƯU Ý FILE NÀY SẼ KHÔNG BAO GỒM
CÁC CÁCH CỤ THỂ ĐỂ LÀM CÁC DẠNG BÀI CỤ THỂ NHƯ CAUSE-
EFFECT ,PROBLEM- SOLUTION, OPINION ESSAY.)
*DISCLAIMER: FILE NÀY LÀ KIẾN THỨC CỦA MÌNH CÔ ĐỌNG LẠI VÀ BAO GỒM
MỘT SỐ VĂN PHONG CỦA MÌNH VIẾT NÊN CÓ THỂ KO HỢP VỚI CÁC BẠN.
- 1 SỐ VÍ DỤ MÌNH SẼ ĐỂ BÊN FILE TRANSITION WORD.