HANOI PROCURATORATE UNIVERSITY PERSONAL ESSAY SUBJECTS :ENGLISH 2
TOPIC: Grammar: Present Simple, Present Continuous
Vocabulary: Health and accidents; Hobbies and Interest
Student name: NGUYEN THI TU LINH Class:TMK4B
Student code: TM2373801058 Hanoi – 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS
A.INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1
B.CONTENT.................................................................................................................... 2
I. GRAMMAR.............................................................................................................. 2
1. Present simple......................................................................................................2
1.1. Meanings...........................................................................................................2
1.2.Forms.................................................................................................................. 2
1.3. Recognizing singis.............................................................................................3
1.4. Usage.................................................................................................................. 4
2.Present Countinuous............................................................................................5
2.1.Meanings............................................................................................................5
2.2. Forms.................................................................................................................5
2.3.Recognizing signs...............................................................................................7
2.4.Usage................................................................................................................... 7
2.5.Unconjugated verbs in the present continue....................................................8
II. VOCABULARY......................................................................................................9
1.Health and accidents.............................................................................................9
2. Hobbies and Interest..........................................................................................12
C. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................18
D. REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 19 A.INTRODUCTION
In Vietnam's education and training system, English is taught from primary school. When
we start to get used to a new language, in addition to vocabulary, listening, speaking,
reading and writing skills, mastering grammar is also very important. So, in my article, I
will cover more closely the familiar 2 tenses in English. It is the present simple tense and
the present tense continues. These tenses are often used to describe various aspects of our
lives, which include our health, accidents and hobbies. The simple present tense (also
called single present) is the basic tense used to express repetition, habit, or generalization.
Less commonly, the present tense can be used to describe actions that have been
scheduled in the near future and, in some cases, it is used to express an action that is
happening right now. The present continuous tense (also called continuation present) is
the verb tense used to indicate that an ongoing action is taking place right now, at the
time of speaking, or right now. The present continuous tense can also be used to describe
an action that will occur in the near future. In addition, in the essay, I will also present
more about 2 vocabulary topics: Health and Accidents, Hobbies and Interest. 1 B.CONTENT I. GRAMMAR 1. Present simple 1.1. Meanings
Simple present tense is the tense used to describe a general action; one habit
repeated several times in life; a truth, self-evedent truth, or action that takes place in the present momment.
Example: She enjoys playing the piano. 1.2.Forms Prositive form (+) S + am/is/are + N/Adj Example: Note: - I am a sudent - I + Am - She is so cute - He/ She/ It/ Singular nouns/ Uncoutable nouns + Is - You/ We/ They/ Plural Nouns + Are Negative form (-) S + am/is/are + not +N/Adj Example: Note:
- He is not an employee of is not = isn’t my company are not = aren’t - He is not a good husband 2 Question Yes/No Am/is/are (not) + S + Example: form (?) question N/Adj?
- Are you Lan’s sister? - Yes, S + am/are/is - Are you a chef?
- No, S + am/are/is + not WH-
Wh- + am/ are/ is (not) + S Example: question + N/Adj? - Who is this boy? Note:
- For words ending in “o”, “ch”, “sh”, “x”, “s”, when used with the singular person, add
the ending “es”. ( watch- watches, fix- fixes, wash- washes )
- For the remaining words, add the ending “s”. (see- sees, play- plays…) 1.3. Recognizing singis
1.3.1. Adverbs indicating frequency are common in the present single tense
- Always. Ex: It's always cold in this room.
- Usually. Ex: He usually eats breakfast at 7.30 AM
- Often. Ex: Tim was often late for school
- Sometimes. Ex: Do you sometimes visit your grandma?
- Occassionally. Ex: She occasionally plays the piano.
- Seldom. Ex: She occasionally plays the piano.
- Rarely. Ex: Hao rarely eats fast food. 3
- Never: Hao rarely eats fast food.
1.3.2. Phrases for repetition
- Everry day, every week, every month, every year, every 10 year,…
- Hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly,… Example:
- I wear my everyday clothes to work.
- She writes a weekly fashion column for the Evening Standard.
1.3.3. Other frequency phrases that help you recognize the present single tense
- Once/ twice/ số lượng + time/… + a day/ week/ month/ year,… Example:
- I go to the hair salon once a week to have my haircut.
- We go camping five times a year 1.4. Usage Usage Example
- Describes an action, event that happens Ex: I watch TV everyday.
regularly, repeatedly or as a habit.
- Describes an obvious truth, a truth.
Ex: The Earth goes around the Sun.
- Describe events that will happen
Ex: The plane takes off at 6 a.m today.
according to a clear schedule and timetable.
- Express thoughts, emotions, feelings. Ex: She feels very excited. 4 - Describe origin and origin Ex: I come from Ha Noi city - Express comments
Ex: She is not only beautiful but also intelligent
- Used in typed I conditional statements. Ex: If you study English at
Langmaster,you’ll be very satisfied. 2.Present Countinuous 2.1.Meanings
Present countinuous tense is the tense of describing the events or actions that
occurred at the time of speaking or around the time of speaking, that have not ceased and
continue to take place up to the present time. 2.2. Forms Positive from (+) S + am/is/are + Ving Example: Note: - I am writing a report. - I + am + Ving - That employee is - He/ She/ It/ Singular talking to her boss. nouns/ Uncountable nouns + is + Ving - You/ We/ They/ Plural nouns + are + Ving. Negative form (-) S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving Example: Note:
- I am not doing anything - I am not = I’m not now. I can help you. - She/ He is not = She’s / He’s = She/ He ins’t - They are = they’re not = they aren’t Question Yes/ No Am/ is/ are + S + Ving? Example: 5 form (?) question - Yes, S+ Am/ is/ are
- Is our daughter playing in
- No, S + Am/ is/ are+ not the garden? - Are the employees talking about the neww policy? WH-
WH- + am/ is/ are + (not) Example: question + S + V-ing ? - What are they eating?
- S+ Am/ is/ are + (not) - Where is she having +Ving. lunch? Note:
- For words ending in “e”, when converted to ing from, you will remove the ending “e”
And add “ing” as well. ( use- using; pose- posing; improve- improving; change- changing).
- For words ending in “e”, when converted to ing form, you will remove the ending “e”
and add “ing” as well. (use- using; pose- posing; improve- improving; change-changing)
- The rule of doubling consonants and then adding “ing”:
+ If a verb with 1 syllables, the end is a consonant (except h, w, x, y), preceded by a
vowel we double the consonant before adding “ing”. (stop- stopping, run- running).In the
case of ending 2 vowels + 1 consonat, then add normal ing, not double the consonat.
+ For verb with two syllables, the end is a consonant, the former is a vowel, the stress
falls on the second syllable- doubling the last consonat and then adding “-ing”.
For example: begin- start, prefer – preferring, permit- permitting
If the stress is pressed on a non- final sound, it dóe not double the consonants: Listen-
listening, Happen- happening, enter- entering,… 6
+ If the consonat ends in “L”, then usually the British will double the I and the Amerrican
will not. Example: Travel : UK is Travelling, UK – US is Travelling, both spellings are usable.
- The verb ending is “ie”, then when adding “ing:, replace “ie” with “y” and then add
“ing” (lie- lying- die-dying)
Ex: Be careful! I think they are lying. 2.3.Recognizing signs
Phrases Indicates the time now Example: of speaking. right now - It’s 12 o’clock now. at the moment - Why is she staying home at present now? Short imperative sentances Look! Example: to draw attention to Listen! - Watch out! The train is something going on. Keep silent! coming! Watch out! 2.4.Usage Usage Example
Describes an action happening at the time - It’s raining now. of speaking - She is watching a movie.
The present continuous is also used in cases - Tom is looking for a job.
where it is necessary to mention an action
or event that is taking place but does not
necessarily happen at the moment of speaking. 7
The present continuous tense describes an
- Nam is flying to Ha Noi tomorrow.
action that will happen in the near future,
usually referring to a scheduled plan.
Used to express a complaint about an - Ann is always coming late.
action caused by another person, often with always.
Describes development and change in a
- My English speaking skill is improving more positive direction thanks to ELSA Speak Describe the innovation
- Allmost people are using email instead of writing letters.
2.5.Unconjugated verbs in the present continue
2.5.1.Emotinonal and mental state
Believe; doubt; feel; hate; image; know; (dis)like; love; prefer; realise;
Recognise; remember; suppose; think; understand; want; wish; etc.
2.5.2.Verbs that refer to perception
Feel; see; sound; hear; smell; taste; etc
2.5.3. Communicate and cause reactions
Agree; appear; astonish; deny; disagree; impress; look; mean; please; promise satisfy; seem; surprise;etc. 2.5.4. Other verbs 8
Be; deserve; belong;fit; concern; include; consits; involve;contain;lack;
depend;matter; measure; need; owe; own; possess; etc. II. VOCABULARY 1.Health and accidents - Fall /f l/ (v): ngã ɑː
Example: I fell down the stairs and injured my left leg. - Bruise / bru z
ː / (n): vết thâm, vết bầm tím.
Example: She had a few cuts and bruises but nothing serious. - Coma / ko ˈ .mə/ (n): hôn mê ʊ
Example: She went into a deep coma after taking an overdose of sleeping pills. - Food poisoning / ˈfu d ː p ˌ .z ə n. ɔɪ
ŋ / (n): ngộ độc thực phẩm ɪ
Example: Parasites rarely cause food poisoning.
- Bleed /bli:d/: chảy máu, mất máu
Example: Dyes can sometimes bleed when a rug is cleaned.
- Swelling /'sweli / (n): sưng lên, tấy lên ɳ
Example: She had a swelling on her arm where the wasp had stung her.
- Insomnia /in's mniə/ (n): mất ngủ ɔ
Example: She takes sleeping-pills as she suffers from insomnia. - Accident / æk.s ˈ .dənt/: tai nạn ɪ
Example: When he drinks and drives, he has a car accident.
- Crash /kræ /(v): vụ tai nạn - Collision /kə ʃ l ˈ .ən/ (n): va chạm ɪʒ 9
Example: The collision involved a pickup truck and a car .
- Derailment /di´reilmənt/ (n): trật bánh
Example: They had not determined what caused the derailment.
- Hit /h t/ (v): va chạm, đâm đầu ɪ
Example: According to protesters, the vehicle sped up before it deliberately hit the
protesters in two separate incidents minutes apart
- Mumps /mʌmps/(n): quai bị - Bandage / ˈbæn.d d ɪ / (n): băng gạc ʒ
Example: Ensure the wound is free from dirt before applying the bandage. - Vaccine / væk.si ˈ n / (n): vắc xin ː
Example: Scientists have announced that they are experimenting with vaccines against ovarian cancer. - Diagnosis / da ˌ .ə ɪ no ɡˈ .s ʊ s / (n): chẩn đoán ɪ
Example: She evidently had been ill for several days, although her specific diagnosis is unknown.
- Cancer /'kænsə/ (n): ung thư
Example: He died last week after a long fight with cancer. - Fever /'fi:və/: sốt
Example: If your child has a fever when teething , it’s best to contact your physician. - Cough /k f/ (v) : ho ɔ
Example: The man paused and coughed nervously before continuing. 10 - Flu /flu/(n): cảm cúm.
- Headache /'hedeik/ (n): đau đầu
Example: He's got a headache and a slight fever. - Diarrhoea / da ˌ .ɪə ri
ˈ .ə/ (n): tiêu chảy - Obesity / o ː bi
ʊˈ .sə.t i / (n): bệnh béo phì ː
Example: A diet that is high in fat and sugar can lead to obesity
- Measles /'mi:zlz/ (n): sởi
Example: Measles is cured without much difficulty nowadays.
- Runny nose /'r ni nouz/: sổ mũi ʌ
Example: Turmeric is an efficient solution for how to get rid of a runny nose and cold as well.
- Burn: /bə:n/ : (v) : cháy, bỏng
Example: Jack was badly burned in the flame.
– Disease di'zi:z/:Căn bệnh, bệnh tật.
Example: This practice reduces inoculum of the fungus, thus limiting disease. - Dizziness / d
ˈ z.i.nəs / (n): chóng mặt ɪ
Example: The groups understood that some medications may cause dizziness or affect balance. - Tuberculosis / tu b ːˌ .kjə ɝː lo ˈ .s ʊ s / (n): bệnh lao ɪ - Epidemic / Ep.ə ˌ dem. ˈ k /(n): dịch bệnh ɪ
Example: An epidemic disease breaks out, spreads through a limited area (such as a state), and then subsides. 11
- Sore throat /s : θrout/ (n): đau họng ɔ
Example: A sore throat is a symptom of the common cold.
- Allergic /ə´lə:d ik/ (adj) : dị ứng ʒ
Example: She got rashes on her face after she ate all the peanuts a gave to her because
she didn’t know she’s allergic to them. 2. Hobbies and Interest
- Pastime /'p :staim/ (n): Trò tiêu khiển, trò giải trí (trò chơi, thể thao) ɑ
Example: Hockey is Canada’s national pastime.
- Amusement: /ə´mju:zmənt/ (n): Sự vui chơi; trò vui, trò giải trí, trò tiêu khiển
Example: I play the piano just for my own amusement. - Spare time: /ˈspeər t ˈ m/ ɑɪ (n):Thời gian rãnh
Example: What do you like to do in your spare time? - Tournament / t
ˈ ə.nə.mənt/ = competition: /k ʊ m.pə ɒ
tˈ .ən/:Trận đấu/ giải đấu. ɪʃ
Example: Our ambitions for this tournament have been defeated by the weather. - Outdoor /ˈa t ʊ d ˌ r/ / Indoor activities: / ɔː n ˌɪ d ˈ r/ /æk ɔː
tˈ v.ə.ti/ (v) : hoạt động ngoài trời/ ɪ trong nhà.
Example: It's an outdoor party, so dress informally. - Listening to music /ˈl s. ɪ ən tu /ː mju ˈ .z ː k/: (v): nghe nhạc ɪ
Example: I like listening to music in the dark.
- Reading books: /ˈri .ːd ŋ buk/(v): đọc sách ɪ
Example: I love reading books. 12
- Go for a walk: / gou/ /f :,fə/ ei /w ɔ :k/ (v) : Đi bộ ɔ
Example: Drum decided to go for a walk around town by himself.
- Surfing the Internet: /´sə:fiη/ /ði/ /net/: (v): Lướt mạng
Example: He spends a lot of time surfing the internet. - Go to the cinema (gə tu ʊ ðə ː s ˈ nəmə ɪ
) (v) : đi đến rạp phim, xem phim
Example: I like to go to the cinema. - Chat with friends ( æt w ʧ ð fr ɪ ndz) (v): tán gẫu với b ɛ ạn bè
- Play chess (pleɪ s): (v): chơi cờ ʧɛ
Example: I haven’t played chess in ages - Collect stamp (kə l
ˈ kt stæmp) (v): sưu tập con tem ɛ
Example: I like collecting stamps. I have a larger stamp collection.
- Do sports (du ːsp ts): (v): chơi thể thao ɔː - Play an instrument (ple ən ɪ nstr ˈɪ mənt): (v): chơi nhạc cụ ʊ
Example: Play an instrument is to play a musical instrument like guitar, piano, etc... - Watch television (w ɒʧ tˈ lɛ v ɪˌ ən): (v): xem tivi ɪʒ
Example: I only watch television if I don’t have anything else to do. - Go skateboarding (gə ʊ ske ˈ tb ɪ d ɔː ŋ): (v): trượt ván ɪ
- Cycling /'saikli / (n): đi xe đạp ɳ
Example: I'm keen on cycling. - Camping / kæmp ˈ ŋ/ (n): cắm trại ɪ 13
Example: We used to go camping in Spain when I was a child.
- Travel /ˈtræv.əl/ (v): du lịch
Example: Between school and university, she spent a year travelling, mostly in Africa and Asia.
- Painting /'peinti / (n): hội họa ɳ
Example: He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings. - Mountaineering / ma ˌ n.tən ʊ r. ˈɪ ŋ/ (n): leo núi ɪ
Example: I have never been an advocate of mountaineering in search of food. - Shopping /' pi ʃɔ /ɳ (n): mua sắm
Example: Girls are interested in go shopping. - Dancing /'d :nsi ɑ / (n): khiêu vũ ɳ
Example: Her hobbies are working out, running, and dancing. - Football /'futb :l/ ɔ (n): bóng đá
Example: My father took me to watch the football every Saturday. - Swimming / Sw ˈ ɪm. ŋ / (n): bơi lội ɪ
Example: I like swimming because it s ‟ relaxing. - Board games / b ˈ rd ɔː e
ˌɡ m/ (n): trò chơi cà bàn ɪ
Example: A pen involved in board game, costing very little. - Golf / lf/ (n): đánh gôn ɡɑː
Example: My current golf handicap is nine. 14 - Martial arts / m ˌ r. ɑː əl ʃ
rt/ (n): Võ nghệ, võ thuật ˈɑː
Example: Although the match was worked, it is seen as a precursor to modern mixed martial art. - Bodybuilding / b ˈ .di ɑː b ˌ l.d ɪ ŋ/ (n): Thể hình ɪ
Example: Lurie was a staunch promoter of clean athletics and natural bodybuilding and
claims to have never used performance enhancement drugs. - Chess /t es/ (n): cờ vua ʃ
Example: She's quite a hotshot at chess. - Jogging / d ˈ . ʒɑː ŋ/ (v): chạy bộ ɡɪ
Example: Mary goes jogging several times a week. - Photography / fə t ˈ .
ɑː rə.fi / (n): nhiếp ảnh ɡ
Example: She's taking an evening class in photography. - Drawing / dr ˈ . ɑː ŋ/ ɪ (n): vẽ
Example: We were taught painting and drawing at art college.
- Singing /´siηiη/ (n): ca hát
Example: She began her singing career at the age of seven.
- Tennis / 'tenis / (n): quần vợt
Example: She commentates on the tennis each year at Wimbledon.
- Fishing /'fiʃi / (n): câu cá ɳ
Example: I’d like to do a little fishing this weekend. - Ballet /bæ le ˈ ɪ, bæle ˈ / (n): múa ba lê ɪ 15
Example: I did tap classes as well as ballet.
- Billiards / biljədz/ (noun singular): Trò chơi bi-a ˈ
Example: Because of his skill and well known road partners, Moore’s name began to be known in the billiard world. - Basketball / Bæs.kət.b ˈ l ɑː / (n): bóng rổ
Example: The men's basketball final will be on Sunday.
- Canoeing / kəˈnu .ː ŋ / (n): chèo thuyền ɪ
Example: My favourite activity during the trip was canoeing. - Windsurfing / w ˈ ɪndˌs f
ɜː ŋ/ (n): Lướt ván buồm ɪ
Example: The water can often be unsafe for recreational activities such as swimming, boating, windsurfing, etc. - Paragliding / Per.ə ˈ la ˌɡ .d ɪ ŋ /: Môn dù lượn ɪ
Example: Now, paragliding is very much a developing sport and the conservation board
is concerned about how we can control it. - Video game /ˈv d. ɪ i.o ʊ e
ˌɡ m/ (n): trò chơi điện tử ɪ
Example: That video game is really neat!
- Preference: / pref.ər.əns/ (adj): Sự ưa thích ˈ
Example: Her preference is for comfortable rather than stylish clothes. Pleasing: / pli
ˈ ː.z ŋ/ (adj) Hài lòng/ Thỏa mái. ɪ
Example: The music was very pleasing to the ear. - Leisurely: / le ˈ .ə.l ʒ i/ (adj): Rãnh rỗi. 16
Example: We enjoyed a leisurely picnic lunch on the lawn. - Thrilling: / θr ˈ ɪl. ŋ/ (adj): Hồi hộp ɪ
Example: The book is a thrilling adventure story. - Appealing: /ə pi ˈ ː.l ŋ/ (adj): Thu hút ɪ
Example: He had a nice smile and an appealing personality. - Exciting: /ɪk sa
ˈ t/ (adj) : Gây phấn khích Example: This is so exciting! ɪ
- Adventurous: /ədˈven.t ər.əs/ (adj): Phiêu lưu, mạo hiểm ʃ
Example: I'm trying to be more adventurous with my cooking.
- Fascinating/ wonderful: / fæs.ən.e ˈ t/ / ɪ w ˈ
n.də.fəl/ (adj): Tuyệt vời ʌ
Example: He's a wonderful cook. - Boring: /ˈb .r ɔː ŋ/ (adj): Nhàm chán. ɪ
Example: The movie was so boring I fell asleep. 17 C. CONCLUSION
Above are some of my research about two familiar grammar tenses in English simple
present tense and present continuous tense, hope everyone will understand the usage and
structure of each tense. In addition, in the essay, you also mention two lexical topics
Health and Accidents, Hobbies and Interests, to share some related vocabulary and their
definitions. I hope that my essay will help not only me but also everyone a little bit in the
process of learning a new language like English. Wishing everyone to master and apply
proficiently in study and work and in life. 18