Present Simple Grammar - Tài liệu tham khảo | Đại học Hoa Sen

PRESENT SIMPLE 1. Cách dùng:
a. Dùng để diễn tả những hành động thường xuyên xảy ra, lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở hiện tại Ví dụ:
I go to school by bus every day. (Hằng ngày tôi đến trường bằng xe buýt.)
She always has milk for breakfast. (Cô ấy luôn uống sữa vào buổi sáng.)
b. Dùng để diễn tả thói quen
Ví dụ: My sister often sleeps late at night and gets up late in the next morning.
(Chị gái tôi thường thức khuya và ngủ dậy muộn vào sáng hôm sau.)
c. Dùng để diễn tả chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên Ví dụ:
The Earth moves around the Sun. (Trái Đất quay quanh Mặt Trời.)
Mother's mother is grandmother. (Mẹ của mẹ là bà.)
d. Dùng để nói về thời gian biểu, chương trình hoặc kế hoạch đã được cố định theo thời gian biểu Ví dụ:
The plane takes off at 3 p.m this afternoon. (Máy bay cất cánh lúc 3 giờ chiều nay.)
The train leaves at 8 a.m tomorrow (Tàu khởi hành lúc 8 giờ sáng mai.)
e. Dùng để diễn tả nghề nghiệp
Ví dụ: My mother is a doctor in a big hospital. (Mẹ tôi là bác sĩ trong một bệnh viện lớn.)
f. Dùng để diễn tả nguồn gốc, xuất xứ
Ví dụ: I come from Thai Nguyen city. (Tôi đến từ thành phố Thái Nguyên.)
g. Dùng để diễn tả bình phẩm
Ví dụ: She is not only beautiful but also intelligent. (Cô ấy không những xinh đẹp mà còn thông minh nữa.)
h. Dùng để diễn tả sở thích
Ví dụ: I love walking in the rain because it gives me a pleasure. (Tôi thích đi bộ dưới trời mưa
vì nó cho tôi sự dễ chịu.) 2. Cấu trúc: Câu khẳng định: TOBE Ví dụ I + am I a student. am
He/ she/ it/ Danh từ số ít + is She is very beautiful.
We/ you/ they/ Danh từ số nhiều + are It is hot. We are in the garden. V Ví dụ I collect stickers.
We play soccer on the weekends.
- I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + You watch TV every day. V ( nguyên mẫu)
They bake cakes every Sundays.
My children build models in their free time. He usually reads comics.
- He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ
không đếm được + V(s/es)
She does the housework every day * Lưu ý:
- Với các từ có tận cùng là “o”, “s”, “ch”, “x”, “sh” “z” thì thêm đuôi “es”. (go – go ; do – es
does; watch – watch ; fix – fix es , miss – miss es es, wash - wash ) es
- Với các từ có tận cùng là “y”
+ Nếu như trước -y là một nguyên âm thì ta chỉ thêm -s vào sau động từ ấy mà thôi.
Nguyên âm: u, e, o, a, i (see – sees; play – plays,…)
+ Nếu như trước -y là một phụ âm thì ta phải đổi "y" thành "ies". (copy – copies; study – studies)
* Với động từ "have":
+ I/ we/ you/ they/ số nhiều have + He/ she/ it/ số ít has
Ví dụ: I have five lessons in the morning from Monday to Friday but my sister has three ones. Câu phủ định:
S + do/ does not + V + O Ví dụ
(do not = don’t; does not = doesn’t)
I don’t make vlogs about my family.
We don’t listen to music.
- I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều +
do not/ don’t + V ( nguyên mẫu)
You don’t do your homework.
They don’t walk to school.
- He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ
He doesn’t go to work on Sundays.
không đếm được + does not/ doesn’t + V ( nguyên mẫu)
She doesn’t cook for her family on the weekends. I am not a teacher.
S + am/ is/ are + not + ………
He is not (isn’t) a lawyer.
They are not (aren’t) students. Câu nghi vấn: Không có từ hỏi
Do/ Does + S + V (nguyên dạng) ? - Yes, S + do/ does. Ví dụ - No, S + don’t/ doesn’t.
Do + I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số
Do you watch TV in the evening? nhiều + V1? Yes, I do.
Do they play soccer on the weekends?
- Yes, I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + do. No, they don’t.
- No, I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số
Do we go to school on foot on Monday? nhiều + don’t. Yes, we do.
Does + He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít +
Does he get up at six o’ clock every morning? Vo? No, he doesn’t.
- Yes, He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít + does.
Does she bake cakes in her free time?
- No, He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít + Yes, she does. doesn’t. TOBE Ví dụ Am/ Are/ Is (not) + S + V? Are you an engineer? - Yes, S + am/ are/ is. Yes, I am.
- No, S + am not/ aren’t/ isn’t. No, I am not. Có từ hỏi WH/ H + do/ does + S + Vo? Ví dụ
J WH/ H + do + I/ We/ You/ They/
What do they read in the library every evening? Danh từ số nhiều + V?
How do they go to school every day?
What does he watch on TV every morning?
WH/ H + does + He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít + V?
How does she control this machine? TOBE Ví dụ Where are you from?
Wh- + am/ are/ is (not) + S +V? Who are they?
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại đơn
Always (luôn luôn), usually (thường xuyên), often (thường xuyên), frequently (thường
xuyên), sometimes (thỉnh thoảng), seldom (hiếm khi), rarely (hiếm khi), hardly (hiếm khi),
never (không bao giờ), generally (nhìn chung), regularly (thường xuyên).
Every day, every week, every month, every year,... (Mỗi ngày, mỗi tuần, mỗi tháng, mỗi năm).
Once/twice/three times/four times... a day/week/month/year,... (một lần/ hai lần/ ba lần/
bốn lần... một ngày /tuần/ tháng/ năm). Cách dùng Công thức Dấu hiệu - Diễn tả hành động Câu khẳng định: - seldom/ rarely/ hardly thường xuyên xảy ra,
I/ we/ you/ they/ số nhiều + V - sometime/ - Diễn tả thói quen. occasionally V
- Diễn tả thời gian, lịch - often/ usually/ trình, thông báo.
He/ she/ it/ số ít + V (s/es) frequently
- Diễn tả chân lí, sự thật S+V I + am - always/ constanly hiển nhiên. Be He/ she/ it/ số ít + is - ever
- Diễn tả nghề nghiệp, nguồn gốc, sở thích,
We/ you/ they/ số nhiều + are - never binh phẩm.
* Thêm es vào các từ tận cùng là o/ s/ ch/ x/ sh/ z - whenerver - every Câu phủ định: - once a week/ twice a
I/ we/ you/ they/ số nhiều + do not/ don’t + V month……
He/ she/ it/ số ít + does not/ doesn’t + V * Động từ tobe
S + am/ is/ are + not + ……… Câu nghi vấn:
Do + I/ we /you/ they/ số nhiều + V?
Does + he/ she/ it/ số ít + V? Answer: Yes, + S + do/ does No, + S + don’t/ doesn’t * Động từ tobe Am/ is/ are + S + ……… Answer: Yes, + S + is/ are, No, + S + isn’t/ aren’t
Exercise 1: Choose the correct form of the verb in simple present tense.
1. The flight (start) _________ at 6 a.m every Thursday.
2. I like Math and she (like) __________ Literature.
3. Some people (be) ________ alone.
4. I (bake)________ cookies twice a month.
5. The books (be) ________ new. They (not be) ________ old.
6. My best friend (write)________ to me every week.
7. Jane always (take care) ______________ of her sister.
8. My parents (have) _________ a holiday in December every year.
9. You (not be) ___________ lonely in the world because I always (stand) ________ by you.
10.Martha and Kevin (swim) ___________ twice a week.
11. He often (say) ________ OK when he (talk) ________ with the guests.
12.People (speak) __________ English in most of Canada.
13.The school (be) ________ small. It (not be) ________ big.
14.She (help) _________ the kids of the neighborhood.
15.The Olympic Games (take place) _______________ every four years.
16.Mike (be)________humour. He always (tell) ___________ us funny stories.
17.My mother always (cry) _______ whenever she (see) _______ love story flims.
18.My husband (be) ________from California. I (be) _______from Viet Nam.
19.We ____________ (not be) late.
20.He (play) ________ badminton twice a week in the yard.
21.Emma and Betty(be)________ good friends.
22.The Earth (move) __________ around the Sun.
23.The children (be) ________ eating bananas. They (not be) ________ eating apples.
24.She (have) ________ an eye in fashion. She always (dress) _________ well.
25.I (be) ________ happy. I (be, not) ________ sad.
26.Tom rarely (fly) _________. He usually (drive) ________.
27.Ricardo, John and I (be) ________________ watching a movie.
28.It (be) ________ hot outside. It (not be) ________ cold outside.
29.The students (be) ______________________ studying English.
30.I (be) ________ at the beach with my family. It (be) ________ hot and sunny outside.
The ocean water (be) ________ warm.
31.His sister (not/ like) ____________lemonade.
32.We usually just (have) _________ a sanwich for lunch.
33.The mechanic (fix) __________________ my car when it breaks down.
34.My father (not/ clean) ________________ the car every Saturday.
35.Trixi and Susi(be)__________my cats.
36.He usually (get) ________ home about 6 o’clock.
37.My life (be) _____ so boring. I just (watch) ____________ TV every night.
38.You (not/ sing) ______________songs in the bathroom.
39.My sister (be) ________ a nurse in a local hospital.
40.I (not/ stay) ______________ at home.
41.__________ they (be) teachers?
42.Then he (sell) _______ them to his customers. Everybody (love) _______ Ken's bakery.
43.Tina and Kate (not/ open) ________________ the doors.
44._________ she (go) ________ to work by bus?
45.The bus (be) ________ fast. It (be, not) ________ slow.
46._______ you (like) __________ fish?
47.Adam (not/ speak) ______________ French.
48._________ she (be) a singer?
49.The dog (wag) ________ his tail whenever he (see) _______ me. 50.______ I a students?
51.He often (have) _________ dinner and (watch) ________ TV at 7 pm every day.
52. ______ they (clean) _________ the bedroom twice a day?
53.Water (freeze) __________ at 0°C (degree Celsius).
54. _______ he (be) an engineer?
55.What time _________ Mary usually (get) _______ up every morning?
56.How often _______ you (wash) ________ your hair?
57.Where (be) ________ you from?
58.What _______ you (do) in your free time?
59.What _______he (watch) on TV every morning?
60.How ____ they (go) _____ to school every day?
Exercise 2: Yes/ No question:
1. ____ your aunt a nurse? – Yes, she ____
2. ____ you have a pet? – No, I ____
3. ____ those shoes beautiful? – Yes, ____
4. ____ your sister like pizza? – No, ____
5. ____ Linh’s sisters at home? – Yes, ____
6. ____ Peter live with his father? – No, he ____
7. ____ his house next to a post office? – Yes, ____
8. ____ Andrew and Martin ride their bikes to school? – Yes, ____
9. ____ your friends tall? – No, they ____
10. ____ the children in the garden? – No, ____
Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer to complete the following sentences:
1. John _________ hard in class, but I ________ he’ll pass. A. trys/don’t think B. tries/don’t think C. trys/doesn’t think D. try/don’t think
2. My brother ____________ breakfast at 9.00. A. usually have B. usually haves C. has usually D. usually has
3. Peter __________ very hard. He never gets high scores. A. don’t studies B. doesn’t studies C. doesn’t study D. doesn’t studys
4. _______ you (play) ________ a musical instrument twice a week. A. do/ play B. do/ plays C. does/ play D. does/ plays
5. Every twelve months, the Earth ____________ the sun. A. is circling B. circled C.has circled D. circles
6. Her life ________ so boring. She just __________ TV every night. A. is/watches B. is/watchs C. are/watchs D. are/watches
7. Jane ________ tennis every Sunday. A. plays B. plaies C. play D. to play
8. The flight _________ from Da Nang at 10:50 and _________ in Taipei at 14:30. A. depart/arrive B. departs/arrive C. departs/arrives D. depart/arrives
9. I ___________two brothers and a sister. A. has B. hasies C. have D. having
10.My parents __________ a house in the country. A. has B. have C. having D. to have
11. My mother often __________ me English on Saturday evenings. A. teachs B. teaches C. teach D. to teach
12.I come from Canada. Where _________ you _________from? A. come/do B. are/coming C. do/come D. come/are
13.He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ________ dinner. A. finishes B. finishs C. finish D. will finish
14.The flowers _______________ watered by Bob. A. are normally B. normally are C. is normally D. normally is
15.Hoa and I always __________ to the countryside by bus. A. go B. goes C. do go D. does
16.The weather generally __________ quite hot in July and August. A. get B. gets C. getting D. will get
17.What ________ your mother __________ ? She is a teacher. A. do/ do B. does/ do C.is/ doing D. will/ do
18.I ________ meet my friends and talk to relax. A. sometime B. often C. now D. next month
19.The school ________ small. It________ big. A. Is/ isn’t B. Are/ aren’t C. Is/ is D. Are/ is
20.________ the library open until 9:00 p.m? A. Is B. Are C. Am D. Have
21.The flowers ____________ watered by Bob.
A. are nomarally B. normally are C. is normally D. normally is
22.Stress (be) ___________ always an inevitable part of our working life. A. will be B. was C. is D. are
23.My older sister ___________ pop music. A. is often listening B. often listens C. often listen D. often listening
24.Sucessful people often (spend) _____ at least 30 minutes a day reading books. A. spent B.has spent C.are spending D. spend
25.. The books ________ new. They (be not) ________ old. A. Is/ isn’t B. Are/ aren’t C. Is/ is D. Are/ is
26.___________ the children go to bed very early? A. Do B. Does
27. ___________ that girl come from Ho Chi Minh City? A. Do B. Does