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E SUB-COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF STW 42/3/2 TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING 25 October 2010 42nd session Original: ENGLISH Agenda item 3
VALIDATION OF MODEL TRAINING COURSES
Model course – Marine environmental awareness
Submitted by the Netherlands SUMMARY
Executive summary: This document provides a draft model course on marine environmental awareness Strategic direction: 5.2 High-level action: 5.2.2 Planned output: 5.2.2.5 Action to be taken: Paragraph 5
Related documents: STW 39/3/2; STCW/CONF.2/32, resolution 9 and STCW/CONF.2/34 1
The 2010 Conference of Parties to the International Convention on Standards of
Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, held in Manila, the
Philippines from 21 to 25 June 2010, adopted amendments to the International
Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
(1978 STCW Convention), 1978 and the Seafarers' Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping Code – Manila Amendments – including provisions on marine
environmental awareness training (STCW/CONF.2/34). 2
The Sub-Committee, at its thirty-ninth session (3 to 7 March 2008), concurred with
the proposal by Cyprus, the Netherlands and Sweden to develop a model course
relating to basic training in marine environmental awareness (STW 39/3/2) and to
submit it to the Sub-Committee for validation in due course (STW 39/12, paragraphs 3.6 and 3.7). 3
The preliminary draft of this model course was extensively tested at several Dutch
Maritime Institutes and a Maritime Institute in the Philippines. The experiences and
comments and/or remarks received have been incorporated as appropriate. 4
The draft model course is set out in the annex. I:\STW\42\3-2.doc Page 2
Action requested of the Sub-Committee 5
The Sub-Committee is invited to consider the above information and take action as appropriate. *** ANNEX MODEL COURSE 1.38 DRAFT MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
International Maritime Organization I:\STW\42\3-2.doc
Marine Environmental Awareness Contents Contents 2 Foreword 3 Introduction 3 Part A: Course framework 3 • Scope 3 • General objectives 4 • Entry standards 4
• Course certificate, diploma or document 5 • Course intake limitations 5 • Staff requirements 5
• Teaching facilities and equipment 5 • Teaching aids 5
• Instruments, legislation and regulatory references 5 • Websites 6
Part B: Course outline and timetable 7 • Course outline 7 • Course timetable 8
Part C: Detailed teaching syllabus 12 Part D: Instructor manual 17 • General 17 • Theory 17 • Workshops 17 • Evaluation 18 • Specific guidance notes 18 1. Introduction 19 2. Personal opinions workshop 19 3. Marine environment 19
4. Environmental chal enges for the shipping industry 19
5. Reputation of shipping workshop 19
6. Pollution prevention measures workshop 19
7. Personal involvement and personal responsibilities workshop 19 Part E: Marine environment 29
• Role of the oceans in human life 30
• Marine ecology – the basics 30
• Open ocean and coastal seas 31 • Regional marine areas 32
• Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) 32 • Summing up 33 Foreword […] Introduction
Marine environmental awareness represents the contribution of the human element to the
prevention of pol ution. Therefore, marine environmental awareness training brings together
two important aspects of modern shipping: care for the marine environment and the importance of human performance.
The IMO Strategic Plan for the Organization for the six-year period 2010 to 2015 (A.1011(26))
seeks to enhance the environmental conscience of the shipping industry: "The mission of the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) as a United Nations specialized agency is to
promote safe, secure, environmentally sound, efficient and sustainable shipping through
cooperation. The enhancement of a sustainable environmental policy for the shipping industry
remains a high profile matter. The heightened concern at the impact of global shipping
activities on the environment has given further impetus to efforts by the Organization to develop
sustainable and environmentally conscious means of preventing pol ution from ships, such as
those aimed at reducing atmospheric pol ution and addressing climate change and global
warming; ensuring the preservation of aquatic systems; and preventing the introduction of
harmful and polluting substances from ships into the marine environment."
The Strategic Plan also addresses human performance: "As IMO strives for full compliance
with its instruments, their effectiveness wil come under scrutiny with each incident resulting
from human error. The chal enge for IMO is to place increased emphasis on the contribution
of the human element to safer, more secure and environmentally friendly shipping and
continuously to improve measures aimed at enhancing human performance in the maritime industry".
IMO identified strategic directions (SD) for the Organization and states in strategic direction
7.4: "IMO wil focus on reducing and eliminating any adverse impact by shipping on the
environment by increasing the emphasis on the role of the human element in environmentally sound shipping."
This is exactly what this model course "marine environmental awareness" aims to do. Marine
environmental awareness training offers knowledge of the importance and diversity of the
marine environment as well as understanding and awareness of the impacts of shipping
activities on the (marine) environment. It offers insight into the background of IMO regulations
and enhances compliance. The training also stimulates personal responsibility to use solutions
that contribute to environmentally sound shipping.
Part A: Course framework Scope
The purpose of this IMO model course is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching
staff to organize and introduce marine environmental awareness training.
This model course "marine environmental awareness" specifically focuses on the contribution
of the human element to the prevention of pol ution and is intended to educate, stimulate and
empower officers on board vessels to contribute to environmentally sound shipping and to
ensure compliance with pol ution prevention measures. This model course is closely
connected to both the ISM Code1 and the STCW Code2. -
The purpose of the ISM Code is to provide an international standard for the safe
management and operation of ships and for pol ution prevention. In matters of safety
and pol ution prevention it is the commitment, competence, attitude and motivation of
individuals at all levels that determines the end result; -
Chapters II and III of the STCW Code include the competence "ensure compliance
with prevention pol ution requirements" as part of function: "Controlling the operation
of a ship and care for persons on board at the operational level". In addition, the
competence "take precautions to prevent pol ution of the marine environment" is part
of the basic training in chapter VI.
The model course "marine environmental awareness" is designed as an addition to courses
about IMO regulations, technical installations and procedures to safeguard the environment.
Marine environmental awareness training focuses specifically on the human element. Better
understanding of the effects of shipping on the environment wil lead to better compliance with
regulations and better use of technical installations and procedures. The model course aims
to inspire people to play a positive and proactive role, to take responsibility, and to contribute
to environmentally sound shipping. General objectives
Those who have successfully completed the course wil be able to demonstrate knowledge
and understanding of the importance of preventing pol ution to the (marine) environment. This
knowledge and understanding shal include, but is not limited to the following topics: -
concept of sustainable shipping -
complexity and diversity of the marine environment -
impact of shipping on the environment -
role of regulations, procedures and technical instal ations to protect the environment -
marine environmental awareness, personal responsibility - role of
human element to prevent pol ution, proactive measures.
Those who have successfully completed the course shall demonstrate the intention to: -
fully observe procedures for monitoring ship-board operations and ensure compliance
with requirements for environmental protection -
act to ensure that the positive environmental reputation of shipping is maintained. Entry standards
The course is designed for masters, senior officers and officers in charge of a navigational or an engineering watch.
Those wishing to enter this course should have had training and/or a good working knowledge
of MARPOL regulations and other relevant IMO Conventions (e.g., anti-fouling, bal ast water 1
ISM Code = International Safety Management Code. 2
STCW Code = Seafarer's Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Code.
and ship recycling), of technical installations to prevent pol ution from ships, and of procedures to safeguard the environment.
Course certificate, diploma or document
On successful completion of the course a certificate should be issued to the trainee.
Alternatively, in case the contents of the model course are part of the school curriculum, it
should be reflected on the transcript of records or grade sheet that the student has completed
marine environmental awareness training.
Course intake limitations
The maximum number of trainees in the course should depend on course setup and the
facilities and equipment available, bearing in mind the aims and objectives of this model
course. Central to the course are several workshops, when trainees work on assignments in
smaller groups. To ensure effective exchange of opinions, the size of these groups should be 4-8 trainees. Staff requirements
The instructor in charge shal have had training and/or equivalent knowledge in the subject
matter of this course, including but not limited to sustainable shipping, the marine environment,
impact of shipping on the environment, and role of regulations, procedures, technical
installations and the human element in protecting the environment.
The role of the instructor encompasses more than being a lecturer. The instructor in charge
should have sufficient knowledge of and/or experience with different teaching methods and
techniques, in order to be able to focus on the process of creating awareness and creating a
sense of personal responsibility.
Teaching facilities and equipment
For the theoretical part of the course, a classroom equipped with presentation facilities and
audiovisual materials (including a DVD player) is required. For the workshops, enough space
must be available to facilitate group work, preferably in several rooms. Enough materials
should be available to enable groups to present their results (flipchart, overhead, power point
or other means of visual presentation). Teaching aids
Instructor manual (Part D of the model course)
Marine environment background article (Part E of the model course)
Worksheets for various workshops
Video(s) about a regional marine area
Movie "Invaders from the Sea", a BBC Worldwide – IMO Production
Video(s) about the adverse effects of oil
Video(s) about the adverse effects of plastics.
Instruments, legislation and regulatory references
International Safety Management (ISM) Code and Guidelines, 2010 edition
Standards', Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers Code, STCW Convention, 2010
MARPOL 73/78, consolidated 2006 edition
MARPOL, how to do it 2002 edition
Pollution Prevention equipment under MARPOL 2006 edition Guidelines
of the application of the IMO ISM Code 4th edition ICS/ISF. Websites
International Maritime Organization – www.imo.org ProSea
Foundation, marine education – www.prosea.info
Clean Shipping Project – www.cleanshippingproject.se
Green Award Foundation – www.greenaward.org
The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation (ITOPF) – www.itopf.com
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) – www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter
NOAA Marine Debris Program – www.marinedebris.noaa.gov
Algalita Marine Research Foundation (AMRF) – www.algalita.org
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – www.ipcc.ch
Global Ballast Water Management Programme (GloBallast) – www.globallast.imo.org
MAN B&W – www.mandieselturbo.com Wärtsilä – www.wartsila.com.
Part B: Course outline and timetable Course outline BLOCK 1 (3.0 hours) 1. Introduction – lecture 0.50 h 1.1. Global context 1.2. Sustainable shipping
1.3. Marine environmental awareness 1.4. Course overview
2. Personal opinions – workshop 1.00 h
3. Marine environment – lecture 1.00 h 3.1. Importance of the oceans 3.2. Marine ecology
3.3. Difference between coastal seas and open ocean
3.4. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs)
4. Regional marine area – film/lecture 0.50 h BLOCK 2 (3.0 hours)
5. Discharges to the Sea – lectures 2.00 h
5.1. Environmental impact of oil, chemicals, sewage and solid waste
5.2. Pollution prevention measures
6. Reputation of shipping – workshop 1.00 h BLOCK 3 (3.0 hours)
7. Emissions to air, greenhouse gases – lecture 0.75 h
7.1. Environmental impact of emissions of greenhouse gases 7.2. Pollution prevention measures
8. Introduction of invasive species – film/lecture 1.00 h
8.1. Environmental impact of transfer of species
8.2. Pollution prevention measures
9. Other impacts to the marine environment – lectures 0.50 h
9.1. Environmental impact of underwater noise
9.2. Environmental impact of antifouling paint
10. Emissions to air, other – lecture 0.75 h
10.1. Environmental impact of engine emissions (SOx, NOx, PM)
10.2. Other air pol utants from ships
10.3. Pollution prevention measures BLOCK 4 (3.0 hours)
11. Pollution prevention measures – workshop 1.50 h
12. Personal involvement – workshop 1.00 h 12.1. Personal behaviour 12.2. Personal responsibility 12.3. Officer responsibility 13. Close out 0.50 h Course timetable
Two course timetables are presented, since the marine environmental awareness course can
be conducted in two days or can be spread over four consecutive days. Please bear in mind
that any timetable is subject to variation, depending on the general need of the trainees and local circumstances. Option1: Day 1 1st Period (3.0 hours) 2nd Period (3.0 hours)
1. Introduction – lecture
5. Discharges to the Sea – lectures 1.1 Global context 1.2 Sustainable shipping
5.1 Environmental impact of oil, 1.3 Marine environmental chemicals, sewage and solid awareness waste 1.4 Course overview
5.2 Pollution prevention measures
2. Personal opinions – workshop 6. Reputation of shipping – workshop
3. Marine environment – lecture 3.1 Importance of the oceans 3.2 Marine ecology
3.3 Difference between coastal seas and open ocean
3.4 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs)
4. Regional marine area – film/lecture Day 2 1st Period (3.0 hours) 2nd Period (3.0 hours)
7. Emissions to air, greenhouse
11. Pollution prevention gases – lecture measures – workshop 7.1 Environmental impact of
12. Personal involvement – emissions of greenhouse workshop gases
7.2 Pollution prevention measures 12.1 Personal behaviour 12.2 Personal responsibility
8. Introduction of invasive 12.3 Officer responsibility
species – film/lecture 13. Close out 8.1 Environmental impact of transfer of species
8.2 Pollution prevention measures
9. Other impacts to the marine
environment – lectures 9.1 Environmental impact of underwater noise 9.2 Environmental impact of antifouling paint
10. Emissions to air, other – lecture 10.1 Environmental impact of engine emissions (SOx, NOx, PM)
10.2 Other air pol utants from ships
10.3 Pollution prevention measures Option 2: Day 1 1st Period (3.0 hours)
1. Introduction – lecture 1.1 Global context 1.2 Sustainable shipping 1.3 Marine environmental awareness 1.4 Course overview
2. Personal opinions – workshop
3. Marine environment – lecture 3.1 Importance of the oceans 3.2 Marine ecology
3.3 Difference between coastal seas and open ocean
3.4 Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs)
4. Regional marine area – film/lecture Day 2 1st Period (3.0 hours)
5. Discharges to the Sea – lectures 5.1 Environmental impact of oil, chemicals, sewage and solid waste 5.2 Pollution prevention measures
6. Reputation of shipping – workshop Day 3 1st Period (3.0 hours)
7. Emissions to air, greenhouse gases – lecture 7.1 Environmental impact of emissions of greenhouse gases 7.2 Pollution prevention measures
8. Introduction of invasive
species – film/lecture 8.1 Environmental impact of transfer of species 8.2 Pollution prevention measures
9. Other impacts to the marine
environment – lectures 9.1 Environmental impact of underwater noise 9.2 Environmental impact of antifouling paint
10. Emissions to air, other – lecture 10.1 Environmental impact of engine emissions (SOx, NOx, PM) 10.2 Other air pol utants from ships 10.3 Pollution prevention measures Day 4 1st Period (3.0 hours)
11. Pollution prevention measures – workshop
12. Personal involvement – workshop 12.1 Personal behaviour 12.2 Personal responsibility 12.3 Officer responsibility 13. Close out
Part C: Detailed teaching syllabus
The detailed teaching syllabus has been written in learning objective format in which the
objective describes what the trainee should be able to do to demonstrate that knowledge and
understanding has been transferred and marine environmental awareness has been achieved.
This format is an appropriate teaching and assessment tool to express: -
the depth of understanding of a subject and the degree of familiarization with the
subject on the part of the trainee; -
what capabilities the trainee should have and be able to demonstrate.
Al detailed learning objectives are understood to be prefixed by the words: "After completing
this course the trainee wil be able to …." BLOCK 1: 1. Introduction – lecture 1.1. Global context
➢ Recognize the importance of shipping for the world economy
➢ Recognize the environmental impact of shipping 1.2. Sustainable shipping
➢ Describe sustainable shipping
Define sustainable development as a balance of three P's – People, Planet, Profit
Explain the meaning of the three P's
Recognize the need for sustainable shipping
1.3. Marine environmental awareness
➢ Recognize the role of the human element (people in shipping) in pol ution prevention 1.4. Course overview
2. Personal opinions – workshop
➢ Express a personal opinion about current environmental chal enges (problems) for the shipping industry
➢ Relate his/her opinion to the opinions of other trainees
3. Marine environment – lecture 3.1. Importance of the oceans
➢ Describe why the oceans are of vital importance for humankind
Recognize that 60% of the world population lives near the sea
Explain the importance of the oceans as a source of food
Explain the importance of the oceans for the global climate 3.2. Marine ecology
➢ Describe the basic principles of marine ecology
Recognize the importance of phytoplankton (primary production) as the basis of sea life
Give an example of a food chain
Describe the principle of energy flow in the food chain
Describe the principle of energy loss in the food chain (10% rule)
Describe the importance of bacteria and viruses (nutrient cycle)
Recognize that food chains are connected in complex food webs
3.3. Difference between coastal seas and open oceans
➢ Compare coastal seas and open oceans
Describe the difference in living circumstances between open oceans and
coastal seas, including but not limited to availability of nutrients
Describe the difference in food chain length between open oceans and coastal seas
Recognize the diversity and abundance of life in coastal seas
3.4. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs)
➢ Recognize that IMO has established Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) to
protect marine areas from shipping activities List two existing PSSAs
List two potential protective measures in PSSAs
4. Regional marine area – film/lecture
➢ Describe a regional or local marine area of choice Describe the area
List three forms of marine life that live there
Give an example of a food chain in this area
Give an example of the importance of the area for humans BLOCK 2:
5. Discharges to sea – lectures
5.1. Environmental impact of oil, chemicals, sewage and solid waste ➢ Describe the
impact of oil in the marine environment
Recognize the varied and complex composition of oil and oil products
List three processes that determine the fate of oil in the marine environment
Describe two ecological impacts of oil in the marine environment
Describe one economic impact of oil in the marine environment
Recognize the relative contribution of shipping to the discharge of oil to the sea
Describe the relative contribution of accidents and operational discharges of oil from ships
➢ Describe the impact of chemicals in the marine environment
Describe two ways chemicals enter the marine environment from a ship
List three reasons why a chemical might be hazardous
Define the terms acute toxicity and chronic toxicity
Define the term bioaccumulation
Define the term biodegradation
Describe two ecological impacts of chemicals in the marine environment
Describe the impact of sewage in the marine environment Define the term sewage
Describe the ecological impact of sewage in the marine environment
➢ Describe the impact of solid waste in the marine environment Define the term solid waste
Describe how long it takes for plastic to degrade in the marine environment
Recognize the worldwide distribution of marine litter
Recognize the existence of pools of garbage in the Pacific (plastic soup)
Describe two ecological impacts of marine litter o Give one example of
ingestion of marine litter o Give one example of entanglement
Describe the problem of microplastics
List three economic sectors that are effected by marine litter
Describe the contribution of shipping to the marine litter problem
5.2. Pollution prevention measures
➢ List three procedures designed to prevent discharges to the sea, including but not
limited to waste collection procedures in ports and waste treatment on board
➢ List three technical instal ations or innovations designed to prevent discharges to
the sea, including but not limited to oil water separators
6. Reputation of shipping – workshop
➢ Recognize the value IMO places on a good reputation
➢ State his/her personal opinion about the image (reputation) of shipping
Describe his/her views on the image of shipping; how other people see the shipping sector
List three factors that influence the image of shipping
Recognize how a good reputation can be a valuable asset for the shipping sector
List two actions he/she can take to improve the reputation of shipping
➢ Relate his/her opinion to the opinions of other trainees BLOCK 3
7. Emissions to air, greenhouse gases – lecture
7.1. Environmental impact of emissions of greenhouse gases
➢ Describe the impact of greenhouse gases on the global climate Define climate change
Describe the greenhouse effect
Explain the connection between CO2 emissions and climate change
Recognize the contribution of mankind to climate change
Recognize the difficulty of predicting the future consequences of climate change
List three (potential) consequences of climate change
➢ State the relative contribution of shipping to worldwide CO2 emissions
7.2. Pollution prevention measures
➢ List three procedures and/or technical installations designed to minimize the
emissions of greenhouse gases from shipping
8. Introduction of invasive species – film/lecture
8.1. Environmental impact of transfer of species
➢ Describe the impact of the introduction of invasive species
Define the term invasive species
Describe the transfer of species through bal ast water
Describe problems associated with the introduction of alien species
Give an example of the ecological impact of invasive species
Give an example of the economic impact of invasive species
Give an example of the impact of invasive species on human health
8.2. Pollution prevention measures
➢ Describe the procedure of mid ocean bal ast water exchange
➢ Explain the advantages/disadvantages of mid ocean bal ast water exchange ➢ List
three bal ast water treatment methods
9. Other impacts to the marine environment – lectures
9.1. Environmental impact of underwater noise
➢ Describe the impact of underwater noise on marine mammals
9.2. Environmental impact of antifouling
➢ Describe the impact of antifouling paint on marine life
10. Emissions to air, other – lecture
10.1. Environmental impact of engine emissions (SOx, NOx, PM)
➢ List three chemical compounds in air emissions from ship engines (SOx, NOx, PM)
➢ Recognize how these compounds are formed in ships engines
➢ Describe the environmental impacts of engine emissions
Describe the process of acidification
List two effects of acidification
Explain the connection between SOx and NOx emissions and acidification ➢
Describe the main human health hazards connected to air quality
Explain the direct connection between PM and human health
Explain the contribution of SOx, NOx and PM emissions to smog Recognize
the adverse impact of smog to human health
➢ Describe the contribution of shipping to the problems with air emission
Identify engine emissions as an important source of air emissions from ships
Describe the link between fuel quality and ship emissions
10.2. Other air pol utants from ships
➢ List two other air pol utants from ships, including Ozone Depletion Substances
10.3. Pollution prevention measures
➢ List three procedures and/or technical installations designed to minimize engine emissions (SOx, NOx, PM) BLOCK 4
11. Pollution prevention measures – workshop
➢ Recognize the importance of MARPOL regulations and other relevant IMO
conventions in minimizing the impact of shipping to the marine environment
➢ Recognize the wide range of pol ution prevention measures (procedures, technical
installations and innovation) available to prevent pol ution to the marine environment
➢ State his/her personal opinion
Identify available pol ution prevention measures for (a selection of) environmental chal enges
Identify who is responsible for (a selection of) pol ution prevention measures
➢ Relate his/her opinion to the opinions of other trainees
12. Personal involvement – workshop 12.1. Personal behaviour
➢ Describe the role of personal behaviour for pol ution prevention
Recognize the importance of officer and crew behaviour for pol ution prevention
Give one example where proper behaviour contributes significantly to pollution prevention 12.2. Personal responsibility
➢ Recognize his/her personal responsibility towards the environment
Describe his/her (future) responsibilities with regard to environmental care in shipping
List five actions he/she (can) take to ensure compliance with requirements 12.3. Officer responsibility
➢ Be aware of his/her (future) position as an officer as an example for the rest of the crew
Recognize the influence he/she has on the environmental behaviour of ratings
Recognize the need to motivate the crew to commit themselves to their tasks
and to further improve competence, attitudes and motivation of individuals at all
levels, as stated in the ISM Code
Identify one action he/she can take to ensure better compliance by ratings 13. Close out
Part D: Instructor manual General
The instructor manual is included to provide additional information to instructors and teachers.
It is designed to help in structuring and organizing this model course. It gives guidance on the
material that is to be presented and the workshops that should be conducted during the course
for marine environmental awareness. This manual reflects the views of the course developers
with respect to methodology and organization as well as what they consider important in light
of their experience as instructors of this course.
The guidance given is intended to give the instructor an operational baseline to develop a
course that wil meet the particular local requirements and to use the instructor's own experience and ideas.
Guidance is also provided in a booklet titled "Guidance on the implementation of IMO model
courses" which includes a checklist for preparation of courses. Theory
Marine environmental awareness requires knowledge of basic marine ecology, of the
importance and diversity of the marine environment and understanding of the impacts of
shipping activities on the (marine) environment. Theory gives trainees a better understanding
of the background of regulations and procedures, and the need to comply with pol ution
prevention measures. Theory can be taught as classroom lectures, preferably supported by
video's, pictures and visual presentations. Tips to present theory:
Relate subjects to situations, which are familiar to participants Use enthusiastic presenters
Ask questions, as this makes trainees think about the issue
Encourage trainees to ask questions themselves and to interact during the lectures
Some points are more important than others and should be emphasized. To ensure
that such points are remembered, they must be restated a number of times, preferably in different words
Reiterate things that are complex – don't worry about repeating information. Find
more than one way to get a point across. If someone doesn't understand the first
time, you can word it differently and it might be clear the second time (or the third
time). Simple analogies are good. Ask if the audience understood the principle Workshops
The objective of the model course is to achieve marine environmental awareness, stimulate
personal involvement, a sense of personal responsibility and commitment to contribute to
environmentally sound shipping.
Marine environmental awareness is more than knowledge and theory. Marine environmental
awareness is knowledge and understanding that is processed and incorporated into an
individual's thinking and has consequences for his/her attitude.
To achieve awareness and to instigate a thinking process, the course developers have included
several workshops for small groups of trainees. These workshops are seen as essential to
achieve awareness. The assignments are designed to give trainees structured time to think
about and process the information acquired through the theoretical lectures and movies.
In addition, during the workshops trainees are asked to voice their ideas and opinions, to listen
to the opinions of other trainees and to think about their own role and responsibilities. The
course developers stress the importance that trainees are given time and space to share their
ideas and opinions. In many cases there is not "one solution" and sharing different ideas and
opinions about different aspects of sustainable shipping gives the trainees a chance to develop
their personal views and sense of responsibility. Tips for leading workshops:
Create an "open atmosphere" to lower the threshold to participate
At the start of the workshop, make sure all groups understand the assignment
Al trainees bring their ideas and opinions to the room. Al ow them to share these to
add to the value of the workshop
Give groups enough time to work on the assignments at their own pace. Sharing ideas and opinions takes time
Do not allow individual members to monopolize the group activity, but ensure that all
members have a chance to express opinions and ideas
Do not steer the group in the direction you want by superimposing your opinion.
Giving suggestions (have you thought about?) is often more helpful. In achieving
awareness, the thinking process is just as important as the end result
Be prepared to get some unexpected results – some results you might not agree with! Evaluation
Because the course includes knowledge as well as awareness, the method of evaluation and
the criteria for evaluating competency should take both these aspects into account. The
learning objectives used in the detailed teaching syllabus should provide a sound basis for the
construction of suitable tests for evaluating trainee progress. The effectiveness of any
evaluation depends upon the accuracy of the description of what is to be measured.
Further guidance on method of evaluation, validity, reliability, subjective testing, objective
testing, distracters and guessing (if using multiple choice tests) and scoring is provided in the
booklet entitled "Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses".
Specific guidance notes
This section contains guidance to the instructor on the coverage of subjects and workshops
listed in the course outline and the detailed teaching syllabus. The specific guidance notes
have been arranged under seven main headings: