PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE OF THE SUPREME
HANOI PROCURATORATE UNIVERSITY ooo000ooo INDIVIDUAL EXERCISE SUBJECTS: ENGLISH 3
Full Name: Nguyễn Khắc Minh Tâm Class: K9B MSSV: 213801010224 Hanoi, 2022 Table of Contents
A. LETTER........................................................................................................1
I. A successful letter consists of....................................................................1
II. General structure of a letter...................................................................1
1. Letters of request..................................................................................1
2. Letter of giving opinion........................................................................4
3. Letter of giving information................................................................5
4. Letter of complaint...............................................................................6
5. Letter of apology...................................................................................8
6. Letter of application.............................................................................9
7. Informal letter.....................................................................................11
B. ESSAY.........................................................................................................14
I. A successful essay should consist of.......................................................14
II. For and against essays...........................................................................15
III. Opinion essays......................................................................................16
IV. Problems – solutions essay...................................................................17
C. REFERENCES.............................................................................................20 A. LETTER
I. A successful letter consists of
1. An appropriate greeting: (Dear Mr. Peter, Dear Sir/Madam, etc.)
2. An introductory paragraph which clearly states your reason for writing
3. A main body in which develops the subject
4. A conclusion in which you summarize the subject
5. An appropriate ending. E.g.: your faithfully/sincerely + full name, Best wishes + first name Kinds of letters FORMAL INFORMAL Formal greetings and endings
Informal greetings and endings Formal language ( Complex Informal language styles
sentence, non- colloquial language, (idioms, phrasal verbs, colloquial advanced vocabulary )
English and omission of pronouns No abbreviated forms Abbreviated forms
II. General structure of a letter
Include: Heading, Inside address, Salutation, Body, Complimentary close, Signature, Superscription. 1. Letters of request
1.1. Common structure of a letter of request
State the reason for the letter
Are you writing the letter in reply to an advertisement to Begi
ask for further information about a course, goods, services or nning anything else?
How, when and where do you know about the advertisement? What are your requests? The first request? - The second request? 1 - - … Body
- Do you need to enclose anything, ex: a cheque, a deposit if
you want to order goods or services? Closi
Make some reference to hearing from a recipient ng 1.2. Useful languages
a. Request letters for goods and services
- I am writing because I am interested in your advertisement
Beginnin for the new models of computers sold in your company g - I am writing on account of - I am writing to
- Could you possibly send me….. as soon as possible? - I would like you to ….. First
- I would be grateful if you could/would……without delay request
- Would it be possible for you to send/sell……
- I would like to order…… from your company
We would appreciate if you could……immediately Second
- Could you also please send me/deliver…… request
- Another thing/matter I need is……
- I look forward to receiving your reply. Making reference
- I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest to hearing convenience from the recipient
- I am looking forward to hearing from you at any time which is convenient to you
- Please call me at……if you require further information.
- If you wish to confirm the above with me, I can be reached at 3245865 Closing
- If you have any requires, please give me a call at……I look
forward to hearing from you soon.
- Please do not hesitate to call me at……if you wish to raise any questions.
b. Request letters for information 2
- With reference to your advertisement for the course
of English on Facebook, I am writing to ask for further information about the course. Beginning
- Could you please tell me how long the course lasts/the length of the course?
- Could you please explain…..?
- I would like instruction about….. First request
- I would appreciate information about…..
- Would it be possible for you to clarify…..?
- I would be very grateful if you could send me information/ directions/ instructions…
- Another matter I need information on is…..
- Another point I am not certain about is….. Second
- I would also like some help/ information/ clarification on … request
- I look forward to receiving your reply. Making
- I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience reference to
- I am looking forward to hearing from you at any time hearing from the which is convenient to you recipient Closing Letter Regards, Sir/Madam
I'm quite dissatisfied with my current room, therefore I drafted this letter to beg
Madam to move me to another room for the future semester, ideally a single room. My
friend really makes me feel the impact of my academic work.
I am aware because I and a few of my pals were in the 1119 room. I knew ahead of
time that I would adore being in that room because it was so lovely and spacious with
me in it. However, because my friend has such a large outside social network, I leave
some people outside the room, which makes the space noisy. In addition, my friend
frequently plans late-night meals, which makes it difficult for me to concentrate on my
studies. I occasionally misplace personal goods. My friend is getting worse and worse. 3
I'm looking forward to your assistance in getting me moved into a private space where
I can get rid of such disturbances. I would appreciate it if you could secure a single
room for me starting with the following term. I will always be appreciative to you. Yours faithfully, Tam Nguyen
2. Letter of giving opinion a. Common structure - Beginning - Advice/ suggestion/ Opinion - Ending b. Useful languages
- I am writing to response/ in reply to your letter asking for advice about Beginning
- I hope the following advice/ suggestions will be of some help to you
- I would like to give my views on…
- I strongly recommend (+V-ing) that……
- I believe that the best course of action is…… Advice - I would advise you to…… - You ought to…… - I would suggest that…… Suggestion
- I would like to offer one/ two suggestions concerning
Recommendation - May I suggest that…… s
- Another suggestion would be to……
- I would venture to suggest doing……
- I agree/ disagree with……because……
- I am against the plan because…… Opinion
- In my view/ it seems to me that……
- I would like to point out that…. Ending
- I hope that these suggestions will be of some assistance 4
- I hope you will accept this advice
- Please do not hesitate to contact me should you have any problems. Letter Dear Dormitory Management,
I'm writing to voice my viewpoint and my complaints to this scenario after a year in
the dorm where you frequently visited our room without knocking on the front door.
I am very concerned and disturbed about this issue as a member of the room because
the room is violating privacy. Therefore, I vehemently object to your right to enter our
room without first calling. Unfortunately, you arbitrarily enter the room when friends
are getting ready to leave for school or we are trying to sleep because of the extremely
late school days we have. Our privacy is felt. Additionally, it is common knowledge
that everyone requires their privacy and does not want others to influence.
From all of this reason, I believe you will not arbitrarily enter our room next time.
Such a private area is appropriate for us, and we are unaffected.
In conclusion, I hope you won't ever put us in such a scenario again and will take some action to alert us beforehand. Yours sincerely, Tam Nguyen
3. Letter of giving information a. Common structure - Reason for writing - First point - Further points - Ending the letter b. Useful languages R
- I am writing to inform you that/ let you know that…… To eason
- I feel delighted to inform you inform for
- I would like to inform you that good news writing
You will be pleased to hear that…… To
- I feel obliged to inform you… 5 inform bad - We regret to inform you that news
- I am afraid it would not be possible to… To
- I am writing in response to your letter requesting response information about…… informatio
- I am writing to provide you with information about… n
- I am writing to reply to your enquiry about…
- The first thing I would like to inform you of/to tell you is…
- The first thing I wish to inform you of is…… First point
- I would like to begin by informing you…
- Firstly, I would like to inform you that…
- I would also like to let you know that……
- I would also like to inform you that…… Further points
- You might also find the following information useful…
- It might also be useful for you to know that…
- Another piece of information that might be useful is…
E - I hope that I have been able to answer all of your questions nding
- I look forward to being able to help you again in the future the
- Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions letter
- Please do not hesitate to ask should you need further assistance 4. Letter of complaint a. Common structure
- Why are you writing the letter?
- When and where did the purchase or the service in the
Beginning question take place?
- How much did you have to pay for the goods or the service? Body
Mention the date, the place and the coast of the purchase or
service in here if this has not been in the beginning
When the details are about a chronological sequence of events
- How did you discover the problem?
- What did you do after you discovered the problem?
- Did you try to do anything to make those responsible to know 6
about the problem? What are their reactions?
When the details fall into groups of different inconvenience
- What was the first inconvenience?
- What was the second inconvenience?
- What was the final inconvenience?
-What do you feel about the situation?
- What do you think you should get in compensation for the
inconvenience you had to suffer? Do you need to enclose anything, Closing for example, the receipt?
- Do you intend to take any further action if your demands are not fulfilled?
b. Useful languages
- I am writing to complain about/ express my concern about a hair-
dryer which I bought/ purchased in your shop last Saturday.
Beginning - I am writing because I am not really please with/ satisfied with the
quality as well as the service in the student’s restaurant at your
college in recent months
- Making a complaint: simple present Body
- Describing the matter: past tenses Demands
- I demand that you refund my money immediately
- I must ask you, therefore, either to replace the guitar
or refund the price I paid for it, $50
- I feel that at the very least you owe my parents and
me an apology. We await an answer from you. Closing Threats
- If you do not refund my money immediately, I will contact to my solicitor.
- Unless I hear from you within ten days, I shall have to
take legal advice on the matter
- If the letter does not get any response, I intend to take
up the matter with the Department of Home Affairs Letter Dear Madam, 7
I am writing this letter to complain about the service I have received at your shop recently.
As the matter of fact, I paid a substantially higher price at your store to purchase an
MP3 player. When I got home, though, I discovered that it hadn't operated in any of
the ways I had tried. I brought it back to your store right away to fix the issue. I was
quite disappointed with your shop's customer service. The shop employee simply
shook her head and told me that because I had taken the items home, she was unable to
assist me with this issue. She then carried on working with more clients who had come to purchase your goods.
I believe that an apology should be extended in this case. In addition, I wish to receive
a refund for this item. Additionally, from my point of view, your team should obtain the training soon. Yours faithfully, Tam Nguyen 5. Letter of apology
a. Common structure of a formal letter of apology
STATE THE REASON FOR YOUR LETTER
- Why are you writing the letter? (Tại sao viết thư)
- Give a brief details and express your regret about the trouble BEGINN caused to the writer ING
EXPLAIN THE WHOLE CIRCUMSTANCES AND OFFER AN APOLOGY - Give explanation - Give appropriate apology 8 BODY
STATE ANY PROMISE YOU CAN MAKE TO RECTIFY Arrange THE SITUATION your point in - Do you promise any refund? paragraph
- Do you offer any discount to compensate the inconvenience caused to the writer?
- Do you assure any improvement in the future?
- How do you feel about the situation?
Once again express your regret about the situation and CLOSIN
your expectation to serve the writer again in the future. G b. Useful languages
Give a brief description of the issue - I am afraid I - I regret to say that
- We are very sorry that you received a defective
- Thank you for your letter informing me that
Apologize for an action, mistake or omission - I apologize for/ for not - I must apologize for - I am extremely sorry for Explanation - This was due to - This was because if - This reason for this was
- The reason for this has been that I forgot / misunderstood
- Promise to rectify the situation (if possible)
- I am coming to…… next week, so I…….
- I am pleased to inform you that we are prepared to replace your faulty…… The conclusion
- Please accept our apologies for having delivered a fault product to you
- We very much regret for the inconvenience the holiday…… has caused to you 9
- We hope that the refund/replacement will restore your confidence in us
6. Letter of application a. Common structure
a.1. An application letter for a job
- Why are you writing the letter?
- What is the post you desire to consider for?
- When and where did you hear about the vacancy?
Beginning - => Write in details
- How old are you and what is your marital status?
- What is your education background? What relevant qualification have you got? Body
- Have you got any experiences relevant to the job? If yes, what are they?
- Why have you decided to change your job?
- Do you enclose any references? Closing
- Make some reference to hearing from the employer
a.2. An application letter for a course
- Why are you writing the letter?
- What is the course you are applying for?
Beginning -When and where do you know about the course?
- How old are you? (if you are not required to specify this)
- What are your educational background and qualification? Body
- Have you got any experiences relevant to the course? What are
the reasons for your application?
Make some reference to hearing from the employer Closing b. Useful languages Beginning
- With reference to your advertisement in the Morning Post on
24th April, 2016 for the post of tourist guide, I would like to apply for the job 10
- I wish to apply for the post of Housekeeping Supervisor, I saw
advertised in yesterday’s New York Times.
- I am writing in reply/in response to your advertisement in the the
Daily News of 26th April, 2016 for the post of office clerk
- I feel that my qualifications match your requirements as I will
show you briefly as follows ……………….. Explain your
- My qualifications are as follows ..………….. educations
- I feel I am the right person for the post because my
qualifications and experiences are extremely appropriate
- I feel I would be suitable for this post/course because
- Having already worked as……for……I wish to extend my
experience/ I feel I could be useful for you
- Recent experience: I have been working as……for the last…… Explain your years experience
- General experience: I have had experience of……
- Past experience: In 2009 I worked…… Explain your
- One of the reasons I am applying……is that…… reason for the application
- One of the reasons for applying is……
- Please find enclosed my curriculum vitae and two references as Mention requested enclosure
- I enclose my qualifications and the names and addresses of two
referres who can testify to my conduct and character.
- I could come for an interview at any time which would suit you
- I am available for an interview at any time convenient to you. Closing
- I hope my application will receive your favorable
consideration and that you will select me for an interview. 7. Informal letter
Informal letters are usually written to family members, friends, relatives
etc. How to sound informal a. Useful language
a.1. Useful phrases for the opening
- How are you? / How have the family been? / I hope you are well. 11
- Thank you / Many thanks for your (recent/last) letter / postcard.
- It was good / nice / great to hear from you again
- I was so surprised to hear that……
- I’m sorry I haven’t written / haven’t been in touch for such a long time
- It’s ages since I’ve heard from you. I hope you’re well / you and your family are well.
- How are things? / How are you? / How’s it going? a.2. Other useful phrases Referring to news
- Great news about……Glad to hear that……Sorry to hear about…… Giving news
- Listen, did I tell you about……? You’ll never believe what……
- Oh, and another thing……This is just to let you know that……
- I thought you might be interested to hear about / know that……
- By the way, have you heard about/ did you know that……? Apologies
- I’m writing to apologies for missing your party but I’m afraid I was with flu
- I’m really sorry that I forgot to send you a birthday card but I was busy with my new job Invitations
- I’m/ we’re having a party on Friday 19th and I/ we hope you’ll be able to come.
- Would you like to come/ go to see “Room with a View” with me at the weekend?
- I was wondering if you’d like to go to the theatre / come on holiday with us
- Could you let me / us know if you can come / you’d like to join us?
- Thank you very much for invitation. I’d love to come.
- Thank you for asking / inviting me to……but I’m afraid I won’t be able to…… Requests
- I’m writing to ask for your help / you (if you could do me) a favor
- I wonder if / I was wondering if you could help me / do me a favor 12
- I hope you don’t mind me asking but could you (possibly) ……?
- I’d be very / really / terribly grateful if you could……
Thank you / Congratulations / Good luck
- I’m writing to thank you for your hospitality / the wonderful present.
- It was so kind of you to invite me to stay with you
- I really appreciated all your help / advice.
- Congratulations on passing your exams / your excellent exam results!
- I wish you good luck / Good luck in / with your exams / your driving test / your interview
- Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll do well / pass
- Do be on time, won’t you, and don’t forget to……
Making suggestions and recommendations
- Why don’t you……? / Maybe you could ……? / How about……?
- You can’t leave New York without (……doing sth)
- I’m sure you will enjoy (……doing sth). If you like, we can……
- Do visit……/ don’t forget to…… a.3. Closing
- Give a reason why you’re ending the letter: Anyway, I must go and get on with my work!
/ I guess it’s time I got on with my study
Send greetings or make reference for future contact: Give my love / regard
to……/ Say hello to……/ Anyway, don’t forget to let me know the dates of the party./
I’ll try and phone you at the weekend to check the times. / We must try and meet up
soon. / I can’t wait to hear from you / Look forward to seeing you again / Hope to hear
from you soon / See you soon / Write soon
- Closing statement such as Love, Lots of Love, All the best, Take care, Best
wishes, should be written on a new line. - Signing off b. Informal punctuation
- In informal writing, exclamation marks are widely used and are
characteristics of a very chatty, conversational style:
Ex: No wonder she left him! / How awful! 13
- Dashes are highly characteristic of informal writing, they are used in two different ways
A pair of dashes is used for parenthesis.
A single dash can mean because, so, namely, etc - Abbreviations
……the Vatican and all the other important sights.…. the Vatican, etc.
From Monday morning until Tuesday afternoon: Mon a.m-Tuesday p.m - Contractions
I will, She will not, we did not
I’ll, She won’t, We didn’t - Ellipsis It was nice to hear from you Nice to hear from you I’ve just read your note Just read your note I was glad you could come Glad you come Do you remember me? Remember me? B. ESSAY
I. A successful essay should consist of
1. An introduction paragraph in which you clearly stated the topic to be discussed.
2. A main body, in which you clearly stated in separate paragraphs and exemplified or justified
3. A closing paragraph summarizing the main points of the essay, in which
you state/ restated your opinion, and/ or give a balanced consideration of the topic Should - Use formal style
- Use topic sentence to introduce the subject of each paragraph
- Giving reason and examples following the topic sentences - Use linking words / phrases
- Make references to other sources (e.g. experts have proved that….)
- Answer the question, not the topic Should not 14
- Use short form, informal/ colloquial language
- Use very emotional language (e.g. I absolutely detest people who ….)
- Express personal opinions too strongly (e.g I know….) instead, use milder
expressions (e.g. It seems to me that….)
- Use personal examples (e.g. in my school) Types of essays For and against (discuss both State both sides sides) Opinion State the side you agree with Problems – solutions State problem and solution
II. For and against essays
1. Common structure in a “for and against” essay
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion
Key question - Discuss both views / sides of the argument words
- Discuss both views / sides of the argument and then given your own Rephrase question Introd
This essay discusses [both view + opinion] uction
Side 1: advantages / disadvantages
Side 2: disadvantages / advantages
Note: Keep your own idea out of the body. This part is only about
Body what people in general may think Opinion State that both are important Concl
State with one is more important / better usion 2. Example
Smart phones becomes more and more necessary in our life. Some people say
that they cannot live without them, while others argue that using smart phones leading to negative consequences. 15
Discuss both sides of this argument and then give your own opinion.
These days, smartphones are increasingly needed in our lives. Some people say
they cannot live without them, while others think that the use of smartphones leads to
negative consequences. This essay will discuss these two opinions.
Undoubtedly, the phone is a clever equipment that may be quite helpful to us in
daily life. Everyone in today's culture uses it. The phone has advantages, such as the
ability to take notes without using paper or a pen, the ability to pay bills immediately
when we are too busy to do so, and the ability to navigate. GPS is simple to use on a
phone, and you can send and receive emails from anywhere without a computer. You
can also shoot images with your phone and post them directly to social media.
Therefore, it is crucial for each of us.
However, the phone, like anything else, has two sides. The phone has
advantages, but it also has disadvantages, and it is quite destructive to us. Its negative
consequences include sleep difficulties in some persons who have used too much of it.
The radiation released by the phone can be a role in the development of chronic
ailments such as cardiovascular disease. Radiation released by phone devices can
cause anomalies in cardiac function, a decrease in red blood cells, and hence heart
issues. Furthermore, excessive phone use is the cause of the most frequent
hypertension nowadays. Some phone users are continually causing non-external social
contact to be exceedingly distressing. What we consider to be the most terrible phone
face is to lead to vision decline
In summary, I find that the phone has good aspects but its negative face is also a
lot. In my opinion, we should limit the use of the phone, although the phone helps us
more daily but when it is too dependent on it, the face will gradually take up its positive part. III. Opinion essays
1. Common structure in an opinion essay 16 - What is your opinion? - What do you believe? Key
- To what extent (how much) do you agree or disagree? [not
question worlds only answer your side but also how much do you agree] - Do you agree or disagree? Introducti - Rephrase the question on - State your opinion
State reason with facts or examples to clarify the reason Body
(2-3 reasons = 2-3 paragraph ) Conclusi
Summarize your opinion / give your opinion in different on words 2. Example
There are many people who think that children should read books from a young
age. Please give your own opinion on the meaning of reading books for young people today?
For me the book is the endless treasure of humanity. It is also an invaluable
spiritual property because it makes our soul more enriching our minds, more civilized
and we find life will be meaningful and lovely!
Children who read books from an early age, in my opinion, are among the first
benefits of children to enhance concentration. Daily reading will also help children
build a varied and rich vocabulary. Simultaneously, assist students in improving their
abilities to read and memorize properly. Furthermore, the reading process will provide
opportunity for youngsters to improve their reading skills and become more confident
communicators in comparison to their peers. The accumulation of language that
youngsters read also makes it simple for children to express their views to the opposite
person in a clear and coherent manner.
Regular reading habits not only assist children enhance soft skills and brain
development, but they also help youngsters create a vivid imagination. This also helps
children become accustomed to thinking new and creative ideas. This can help
children find excitement and avoid boredom whether studying or working later in life. 17
In short, parents should encourage children to read regularly to promote brain
development, enhance emotions and soft skills.
IV. Problems – solutions essay
1. Common structure of a “problems-solutions” essay.
- Key words in question: problem – solution, cause – effect Micro keywords Instruction words Key words What the problems are? How you will explain them? What the effects are? Introductio
Sentence 1: Paraphrase the question n Sentence 2: Outline sentence
Problems: Sentence 3: State problem
Sentence 4: Explain what problem is
Sentence 5: What is the result of this problem Sentence 6: Example Body
Solutions: Sentence 7: State solution
Sentence 8: Explain how the solution will solve the problem Sentence 9: Example
Sentence 10: Summary of main points in paragraphs 2 Conclusion and 3
Sentence11: Prediction or recommendation 2. Example
A problem that most big cities face traffic congestion.
What do you think the cause is? What solutions can you propose?
Nowadays, one of the problems that urban areas suffer from is traffic jams. This
is caused by several reasons includes population growth and the use of privately
owned cars. There are a number of solutions that should be implemented to deal with heavy gridlock.
The first reason for terrible traffic is that a large number of rural dwellers have a
tendency to migrate and look for jobs that pay better salaries so that urban dwellers
have increased and traffic congestion happens. Secondly, fewer folk are choosing to
travel using public transport in favour of private transport. For instance, when
employees drive to work in the morning, they don’t have to plan their ride on public
transport and can leave at a desirable time. However, they have to wait in the traffic. 18