Tổng quan về FDI vào Việt Nam giai đoạn 2014-2024: Tình hình và Chiến lược môn Thống kê trong kinh tế và kinh doanh | Trường Đại học Kinh Tế Quốc Dân

Tổng quan FDI vào Việt Nam 2014 đến nay:
1. Tình hình FDI qua các năm ( 2014 – 2024)
During this period, Vietnam has recorded significant successes
in attracting FDI. FDI capital flows have continuously grown, with
some years reaching records in terms of number of projects and
investment capital. In the period 2014-2019, FDI capital tended to
increase steadily, especially in 2019, when total committed
investment capital reached a record level of nearly 39 billion USD.
In particular, in 2020, Vietnam was in the top 20 countries
attracting the most FDI in the world, ranked 19th, up 5 places
compared to 2019 (UNCTAD, 2021). Despite being affected by the
COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, Vietnam still maintains its
position as an attractive investment destination with a strong recovery in 2022 and 2023.
According to the report of the President of Statistics, total
foreign investment capital registered in Vietnam as of August 31,
2024 has reached 20.52 billion USD, an increase of 7% over the
same period last year.Regarding the FDI capital structure during
this period, the value of newly registered capital was always
higher (about 2-3 times) than the adjusted registered capital,
showing that Vietnam continuously attracted new investors to the market.
According to data from the General Statistics OfÏce, FDI
investment projects in Vietnam are operating mainly in the form
of 100% foreign capital investment accounting for 72.8% of the
total accumulated registered FDI capital as of December 2019.
2019, followed by joint venture form - accounting for 21.4% 2. FDI trend
Foreign investors invested in 19 out of 21 sectors of the
national economy. Accumulated to August 31, 2024. The
processing and manufacturing industry took the lead with a total
investment capital of nearly 14.17 billion USD, accounting for
more than 69% of the total registered investment capital, up 7.4%
over the same period in 2023. One of the reasons why this
industry has been able to absorb a large amount of FDI is that in
the early stages of economic opening, Vietnam encouraged
foreign investment in the industrial and processing sectors to
achieve the goal of industrialization and modernization of the
country. Moreover, this is an industry where Vietnam's traditional
investment partners such as Korea, Japan, and Singapore have
strengths and are interested in investing in Vietnam because they
can take advantage of many of Vietnam's advantages such as
abundant labor resources, available resources, many free trade
agreements with many trade partners in the world, etc. The real
estate business ranked second with a total investment capital of
more than 3.36 billion USD, accounting for nearly 16.4% of the
total registered investment capital, up 77.6% over the same
period last year. The third-ranked sectors were wholesale and
retail; science and technology activities with a total registered
capital of more than 844.9 million USD and more than 761.9 million USD, respectively.
Agriculture, forestry and fishery are Vietnam's key
manufacturing sectors. However, foreign investment in these
sectors is still very limited due to many reasons - one of which is
that localities do not have many incentive and priority policies to
attract foreign investors while this sector has low added value and
is easily affected by natural disasters, epidemics, etc. In recent
years, Vietnam has begun to focus on attracting high-tech
projects in the agricultural sector to help modernize this sector.
However, as of November 20, 2021, the amount of FDI capital in
this sector was only 3.7 billion USD with 516 investment projects,
accounting for less than 1% of the total FDI capital in Vietnam.
3. Các đối tác FDI chính:
Up to now, Vietnam has attracted FDI from 141 countries and
territories around the world. As for investing countries, Korea,
Japan, Singapore, China and the United States are Vietnam's
leading partners in the field of FDI.According to 2023 data, the 3
countries and territories with the highest investment capital include:
Singapore continues to be the largest investor in Vietnam, with
about 5.15 billion USD, accounting for nearly 18% of total FDI capital.
Hong Kong (China) and South Korea ranked second and third,
respectively, with 4.33 billion USD and 4.17 billion USD. In
particular, Hong Kong recorded significant growth, more than
doubling over the same period. This may stem from the strategy
of expanding production and diversifying supply chains of Hong
Kong and Korean enterprises to take advantage of Vietnam's position in the ASEAN region.
Although China and Japan do not have breakthrough growth, they
are still major FDI partners, contributing to stability in Vietnam's economy.
In the coming time, FDI investment from other regions,
especially from some new FTA partners of Vietnam in Europe (EU,
UK, Russia) or America (Canada, Mexico, Chile, Peru) is expected
to increase because Vietnam has many commitments to open up
and facilitate investment from these partners.
At the same time, with a total of 15 FTAs in effect with 53 trade
partners up to now, Vietnam has become one of the most open
economies in the region and in the world, creating an increasingly
large attraction for foreign investors to Vietnam to take advantage
of opportunities from these FTAs. Strategy
1. Lợi ích và cơ hội mà FDI mang lại:
The benefits of FDI to Vietnam are huge. FDI has created
millions of jobs, not only in foreign companies but also for
domestic businesses participating in the supply chain.FDI also
helps Vietnam access new technology and modern management
processes. Vietnamese businesses learn and gradually improve
their competitiveness. Ultimately, FDI inflows contribute to
boosting Vietnam's GDP and export growth, helping our country's
economy grow stronger over the past decade.
In terms of opportunities, Vietnam has an important strategic
location in the heart of Southeast Asia, close to major markets
such as China and the ASEAN region. This is an advantage for
international investors when choosing Vietnam as a new
destination in the global supply chain. In addition, Vietnam has
signed many important free trade agreements (FTAs), such as
CPTPP, EVFTA, and RCEP. These FTAs open up opportunities for
Vietnamese goods to access large markets with preferential
tariffs. At the same time, a young, abundant, and low-cost labor
force is also an important competitive advantage.
2. Chiến thuật thu hút FDI:
To attract FDI capital more strongly in the coming time, there are 3 breakthrough solutions.
First is institutional breakthrough. Recently, the Government
has submitted and the National Assembly has approved many
new breakthrough policies that have had a positive impact on
growth and investment attraction such as the Land Law, the
Bidding Law and other laws.In terms of incentive policies, Vietnam
needs to continue to expand tax incentives and financial support,
especially for investment projects in the fields of high technology,
renewable energy, and financial services. Simplifying
administrative procedures is also important to reduce time and costs for investors.
Second is infrastructure and land. Large projects have huge
demand for land and high requirements for infrastructure:
investing in seaports, airports, and road transport systems will
help Vietnam improve connectivity both domestically and
internationally, creating favorable conditions for businesses to
operate. In addition, building and expanding industrial parks and
high-tech parks is essential to meet the production space needs of FDI enterprises.
The last is a breakthrough in human resources. The Ministry of
Planning and Investment and the Ministry of Education and
Training are finalizing a project to train about 100,000 workers,
laborers and engineers in the fields of innovation and
semiconductors, including 50,000 specifically for the
semiconductor field. Vietnam has the advantage of abundant
human resources, still in the golden population period, but needs
to focus more on the qualifications and skills of workers, thereby increasing labor productivity.
3. Định hướng ngắn hạn:
Firstly, in terms of industries and sectors, priority should be
given to attracting FDI in high-tech, advanced, environmentally
friendly technologies, clean energy, renewable energy;
manufacturing medical equipment, providing healthcare services,
education and training, high-quality tourism, financial services,
logistics and other modern services; high-tech agricultural
production, smart agriculture; developing modern technical
infrastructure, especially new industries on the basis of Industry
4.0. FDI must ensure harmony between export growth and
investment in developing value-added products and services and
using domestic raw materials, developing supporting industries,
and training domestic human resources.
Secondly, in terms of partners, it is necessary to focus on
attracting FDI, especially multinational corporations linking with
domestic enterprises to form and develop industry clusters
according to each value chain. In the short term, continue to
attract FDI into industries where Vietnam still has advantages
such as textiles, footwear, etc., but prioritize focusing on stages
that create high added value, associated with smart and
automated production processes.
Thirdly, in terms of localities and regions, attracting FDI must
be consistent with the advantages, conditions, development level
and planning of each locality in regional linkages, ensuring overall
economic - social - environmental efÏciency.
In addition, it is necessary to perfect mechanisms and policies to
create new motivation for attracting and using FDI in industrial
parks, export processing zones, economic zones, high-tech zones,
and high-tech agricultural zones. Research and promulgate
mechanisms and policies to attract strategic investors and
multinational corporations to invest in special administrative-
economic units established by the National Assembly when conditions are ripe.
Fourth, there are mechanisms and policies to proactively
support the development and upgrading of Vietnamese
enterprises, promote the development of supporting industries
and create linkages and spillovers between FDI enterprises and domestic enterprises.
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