lOMoARcPSD|45315597 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
OPEN UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY SCHOOL OF AVANCED STUDY BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ESSAY
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
LECTURE: DR VÂN THỊ HỒNG LOAN STUDENT VĂN TÂM NHƯ NUMBER 1854010312 CLASS QT18DB02 0 lOMoARcPSD|45315597 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview.........................................................................................................................................2
Voluntary Theory:.............................................................................................................................3
Mandatory Theory:...........................................................................................................................4
Examples for case study................................................................................................................4
Walmart light bulbs example...............................................................................................................4
Case study description......................................................................................................................4
Stakeholder........................................................................................................................................5
Group opinion....................................................................................................................................5
Plastic bag example...............................................................................................................................6
Case study description......................................................................................................................6
Stakeholder........................................................................................................................................6
Group opinion....................................................................................................................................7
Vehicle tax example...............................................................................................................................8
Case study description......................................................................................................................8
Stakeholder........................................................................................................................................8
Group opinion....................................................................................................................................8
Healthy foods vs snack example...........................................................................................................8
Case study description......................................................................................................................8
Stakeholder........................................................................................................................................9
Strategy and Tactics..........................................................................................................................9
Group opinion.................................................................................................................................10
Example in Vietnam:...................................................................................................................11
Case study final question:...........................................................................................................11
Question 1:...........................................................................................................................................11
Question 2:...........................................................................................................................................12
Question 3:...........................................................................................................................................13
Question 4:...........................................................................................................................................13
Question 5:...........................................................................................................................................14
References:...................................................................................................................................14 lOMoARcPSD|45315597 Overview
-Richard Thaler, a professor at the University of Chicago (USA) has just won the
2017 Nobel Prize in economics, he is the father of behavioral economics and co- author of a book called Nudge.
-His Nudge theory studies how deeply human psychology influences economic decisions.
His work showed us a new concept in economics called behavioral economics.
Behavioral economics is the insights from the psychology of judgment and decision 2 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
making combined with economics to create a more accurate understanding of
human behavior. His research helps people better control their behavior
-Nudge is a concept of behavioral science, political theory and economics that proposes
to enhance the positive effects of indirect suggestions to influence the decision-making
behavior of groups or individuals. Nudge has driven people's behavior by making
subtle changes to the context in which they make decisions.
“Economics is all about how people make choices; sociology is all about how they
don’t have any choices to make.” —James Duesenberry
-Nudge can solve all kinds of problems that governments and businesses find important, some examples are given below:
+ A few years ago the leaders of General Electric wanted to solve smoking problem because
it had a negative impact on company’s employees. Kevin Volpp and his colleagues
conducted a field survey where employees are divided in to 2 group which peoples in the
treatment group each received $250 if they stopped smoking for 6 months and $400 if they
stopped smoking for 12 months. People in the control group will not receive any incentives.
And the results showed that the success rate of the treatment group was three times higher
than the control group, and this effect continue even after the incentives were discontinued
after 12 months. Based on that work, General Electronic has changed its policy and began
using this method for their 152,000 employees.
Theories on applying corporate social responsibility: Voluntary Theory:
According to Garriga & Melé (2004), this theory shows that businesses must
contribute to the society by providing goods and services efficiently and respecting
individual rights. Voluntary regimes require significant organizational strength, expertise, and investment.
Voluntary acts in CSR are acts in which businesses voluntarily create benefits in the
communities in which their businesses operate. The effectiveness of CSR implementation
largely depends on potential participants who believe that doing this will bring business
benefits, but without business benefits, doing this won’t be effective also shows the
weakness of voluntary CSR behavior (Raino and Outi).
Company need to know that if they can convert customers and transfer the cost burden to
them, the business will be extremely beneficial because it will both gain trust and not be burdened with costs. 3 lOMoARcPSD|45315597 Mandatory Theory:
Companies often tend to focus on their business results, leading to intense competition
between companies to maximize individual market share. As a result, companies tend to
violate the law more to create monopolies that guarantee the highest profits in the long run.
In these cases, the government needs to intervene in the behavior of companies to ensure
equal opportunities for all and restore equal use of natural resources.
The law can regulate the behavior of all individuals and organizations in society, so it is
easy to force businesses to implement CSR.
For the businesses, social responsibility will become a “must” if it reduces corporate
profits. It is natural for the behavior of businesses to seek not to fulfill the
prescribed social responsibility as long as corporate profits increase.
The phenomenon that many business knowing the law but still breaking the law or
circumventing the law is an inevitable consequence of the legal regulations that are
not strict and strong enough has creating a compulsive mentality for businesses when implementing.
An example that demonstrates the failure of enterprises to implement CSR is Formosa
Corporation, which ranked first in causing pollution in 2016 due to excessive discharge of
waste into the environment, causing heavy economic and social damage. society and
the environment, in which the most affected is the fisheries sector, followed by business
activities, services, tourism and daily life of Hà Tĩnh fishermen. Examples for case study
In general, the nudge theory case study is a collection of many ways that companies
and organizations do to encourage people to recycle. This article will be divided it into
examples with each example being a description, stakeholders, as well as distinct points
of view. The examples will be arranged according to the order in which they are
mentioned in the book "Strategic corporate social responsibility-3th edition-David Chandler" Walmart light bulbs example Case study description
Walmart succeeds in encouraging users to switch to more energy-efficient light bulbs by
swapping all incandescent bulbs on ceiling fans for compact fluorescent bulbs and
making them available, at all of their store. As "the world's largest retailer" there is no
doubt that Walmart can reach a large number of customers to change their behavior in
using light bulbs. Walmart reaped many benefits with this smart and bold move, such as
reducing costs by $7 million per year, selling more than 100 million light bulbs (it is 4 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
estimated that each customer purchases more than one product) and thereby save enough
energy to run a city the size of Philadelphia - 367 square kilometers and the 5th largest city in the United States. Stakeholder Walmart Customer Gorverment Strategy and Tactics
If the situation presents a need to reduce electricity consumption or help consumers
convert to more energy-efficient products, how should they act? Walmart has done it in a
very practical and natural way. As described in the example, Walmart made the switch
customer behavior in a way that indirectly encourages their behavior, the behavior of
changing the bulbs on the ceiling lights in the store may not be a particularly salient
activity on the part of the retailer, but if they replace the entire light bulbs in their 5000+
stores and save millions of dollars every year from this action. Also, selling a new
product might not be too stimulating for customers, but if it's both new and trusted by the
retailer to the point of swapping out all of their ceiling fan lights for a brand new This is a
real push, a very real boost to their purchase. It is true that compact fluorescent lamps are
more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs, this is also beneficial for customers, so the spread is stronger. Group opinion
There is no doubt that this is another success for Walmart in transforming consumer
behavior and can be considered a complete success as it helps Walmart save energy
costs in the long run, sell more products and at the same time promote and encourage
consumers to use electricity more economically and reasonably - both economically and environmentally.
However, the group's view shows that this move is somewhat bolder and more suitable
for large companies, because if we change Walmart - a retailer with great worldwide
coverage - into a any other small business, it couldn’t certain that it could make such a
big impact, and the author himself does not deny that this success is largely due to the
size of Walmart. In addition, this stimulus can lead to action as well because this
purchase has benefits for consumers - reducing electricity costs - otherwise, perhaps after
thinking logically, they wouldn’t so easy to convert if it wasn't beneficial 5 lOMoARcPSD|45315597 Plastic bag example Case study description
- Only 5,2% on 380 billion of plastic bag was recycle a year
- Bags could last 1000 years in landfill
- Every year, there are 1,6 billion gallons’ oil use to make plastic bags
There is a misunderstanding that paper bags are more environmentally friendly, but the
manufacturing process of paper bags causes more pollution to the environment and they
are "easier to decompose" which doesn't really help because they are just easier to
decompose on the ground with the impact of sun and wind, not on the road as it is today
First, IKEA charge for bags that customer use which decrease 50% bags consumption in
US and 95% in UK. Then, they stop offer bags in store any more and set target to
decrease 50% bags consumption in US store in 1 year but it succeeds out of estimated
when 92% of there customer response
Irish government taxed every bag for 33 cents then in one week 94% stop using and after a
year every one said no to it. Moreover, pressure from global environmental challenges
for plastic pollution and the multifaceted global trade environment affect the corporate sector’s
operation. Changing the behavior of using plastic bags to reusable cloth bags or
easy to decompose is a matter of concern and top priority. Stakeholder IKEA Government (UK, US, Irish) Ecologists Consumer/Citizen Strategy and Tactics
The recycling of plastic products and waste is essential for the benefit of both people
and the environment. This increases the importance of raising awareness among
companies and promoting initiatives for acting by the principles of CSR. Important
factors are regulations and industry-specific norms which can limit the use of recycled
plastics, and papers. This results in that recycled plastic may not be used in the same
new products. Instead, it is only used for the production of lower-standard products.
Such campaigns inevitably involve a collaboration between government and not only
supermarket chains (and the private sector more widely) but also the wider community.
While state and federal governments oversaw the launching of these initiatives, it was left to
corporate business chains with support from small- and medium-sized businesses also 6 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
associated with shopping centers and supermarkets to drive and change the
customer’s behavior of using plastic bags.
Plastic bags are used in supermarkets so that you can easily carry your groceries. Plastic
bags can be used for many different purposes. They are versatile, which is one of the
biggest benefits you get. Whenever you go to a store or market, you get a plastic bag at
no cost whatsoever, and that is the reason why the number of plastic bags are racking
up after going out shopping. Once the items are out of these bags, you can use them in a
multitude of ways, such as storing foods in the refrigerator or lining your trash cans, plastic
bags can be very convenient for households. If you don’t use it anymore, you just
need to throw it in the trash.
Plastic bags are generally used for a matter of minutes before being discarded, and then
take hundreds of years to break down. Most of us own reusable bags, but the challenge is
remembering to have them with us when we need them. One easy way to remember is to
always keep a reusable bag (or bags) by your front door, in your handbag, or wherever
works for you like going out shopping you, you just need to take them with you if they
are in good shape, can be reusable. If you do forget, instead of accepting a plastic bag on
auto pilot, see if you can manage without. Often we can simply carry the items loose.
Once you have successfully adopted the habit to always bring your own reusable bag,
consider going one step further and persuading your local town to go plastic bag-free.
So, why some organizations or supermarkets are still using plastic bags in business?
Packaging items in plastic, including for e-commerce shipping, is often the cheapest
option for brands. Some brands make the excuse that they use plastic packaging that can be
recycled. But just because some plastic packaging can be reused or recycled doesn’t
mean it actually is. At the supermarkets, recycled bags are just placed on small shelves nearly
the counter but it’s hard for buyers to see and take it. In addition, the buyers prefer
free and convenient things, and a part of buyers are familiar with using plastics bags and
feel inconvenient when having to take recycled or reused bags to go shopping.
Companies need to do a better job cutting down on plastic. They owe it to their
customers and the environments. Group opinion
We have already known about the disadvantages of using plastic bags and how long does
it take for a plastic bag to decompose? If the government set the law they plastic bags must
be banned immediately, it can’t happen at all. Firstly, In order to protect our planet
from plastic pollution, it is essential to create social awareness about the harmful effects
of plastic. And awareness starts by informing and educating our children. It is important to
teach children about the importance of saying ‘No’ to plastics. The supermarkets can
reduce the number of giving plastic bag for consumers, and replace by recycled bags,
introduce or advertise clearly about the disadvantage of plastic bags and the advantages 7 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
of recycled/reusable bags. And the most important is the government, they can set some
campaigns and gradually “Ban The Bag” campaign mobilizing citizens in the fight
against single-use plastic bags. The objective is to encourage communities to get engaged
and take action against the use and distribution of plastic bags in their areas.
Nudge aims to influence the choices we make, but without taking away the power to
choose. Nudges are beneficial as we don’t always think and decide logically and
consciously, weighing up all of the costs and benefits. The majority of our decisions are
made instinctively and unconsciously. Therefore, in order to drive a positive change
in people’s behavior, we need to tap into that instinctive way of thinking. Vehicle tax example Case study description
For person who not pay for vehicle tax, the agency has simply added the sentence " pay
your tax or lose your car" to the letter sent to them, in some cases including a picture of
the car with a question mark. And so the people who paid for the letter with the
sentence doubled and tripled it for the picture. Stakeholder Government / tax agency
Citizen didn’t pay for vehicle tax Strategy and Tactics
It can be seen that this is a very simple and to the point stimulation method. They either
give those people a direct message about the performance of their obligations or suffer
the consequences as a result. Showing consequences clearly and visually, even with vivid
illustrations, makes it easy for them to feel threatened and forced to take responsibility so
they don't suffer the consequences. Group opinion
Increasing awareness visually like this is also a good and interesting way, letting those
responsible see the consequences of their actions will stimulate them to take
responsibility, but with illegal behaviors, perhaps the best way is still to use the law as a
deterrent, because there is no guarantee that these stimulation will work for those who
want to avoid it in the first place.
Healthy foods vs snack example Case study description
Children are regularly averse to healthy foods and have a tendency to reject “nutrition
policies.” They will prefer a meal full of greasy foods, consisting of burgers and
sandwiches. For example, for school lunches, researchers have analysis food choice 8 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
behavior at school cafeterias through placing as few nutritious foods as possible in hard-
to-reach places (e.g. putting milk on the front of the counter and chocolate milk in the
back), they are able to dramatically extrude the selections the kids have made. Put
broccoli on the top of the meals line. Expanded the variety of students buying through
10% to 15%, those are consumer approaches to make them pay more interest to their
health by replacing it with healthy foods and reduce the impact of unhealthy foods.
Nowadays, healthier options often cost more due to the fact that consumers' health comes first.
The opposite mentality is used by supermarkets, they are placing chocolates and candies
close to the checkout counter in order that children can disturb their parents buying for
them at the time their parents most confused time (juggling purses while packing their
bags). All are customer-dealing with behaviors of businesses.
The health of consumers and ensuring food safety are very important. In addition,
promoting nutrition is also very popular nowadays. As society develops, people
additionally pay more attention to health issues. At the same time, we can also see the
ingenuity of entrepreneurs affecting consumer psychology through the above example.
Approaching customers to increase product sales, actively influencing the psychology of parents through children. Stakeholder Nutritionists Ministry of Heath
School canteen and catering staffs and managers
Supermarket staffs and managers Parents Students/Kids Strategy and Tactics
The basic psychology of consumers is that they often tend to take the things closest to
them while choosing food which are placed on the frontline within reach or in their line
of sight. Usually, unhealthy foods, fast foods have eye-catching "appearance", which
stimulates consumers. Although those aren't good for health, but we can't deny that
unhealthy foods look delicious. Schools have targeted their kid's nutritional needs and
health priorities through placing green ingredients in places that student can access
easily. This is a good signal due to the fact that the school places the importance of
student health as a top priority. 9 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
However, some organizations have taken capitalization of consumers psychology to
make their own profits. In supermarkets, they may take advantages of the psyche of the
kids. Because kids aren't aware and thinking sufficient to become clever consumers. It
can be said that kids are often have a tendency to like sweet or candies which are eye-
catching of their sight. Taking advantage of that, in supermarkets, they often placed
chocolate or sweet bars right on the checkout so that those children can ask their parents
to buy it for them. And of course, in the state of struggling to pay and bundle things,
parents will not refuse because it could be troublesome if the kid keeps asking and
whining in the supermarket. Therefore, businesses have captured the psychology of these
consumers. Business can become good or bad depending on the products and services of
the organizations to provide goods to consumers. In fact, businesses can not only make
profits, but also help society if they have the proper tactical choices. Group opinion
The lesson is clear: instead of providing unhealthy foods, bring healthy foods to the
consumers. The school has positioned the health of its students first and is a good element
businesses and organizations can learn from. In the case of supermarkets, let's come up
with better solutions to provide consumers great experiences to improve their health.
Instead of placing sweets like chocolate and sweets to attract children, we
can place cereal and milk instead. Cereals often have an attractive packaging and this
attracts children. And we all know that cereals have a certain nutritional content, do not
cause obesity and provide adequate nutrients for young children. Cereals are a
reasonable, convenient and quick source of breakfast nutrition. And cereal always served
with cow's milk. Fresh cow's milk consists of an abundant amount of calcium, protein, B
vitamins, vitamin D and lots of different minerals which are good for the human body
such as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus... Therefore, fresh cow's milk plays an
important role in nutrition. The process of human growth and development from
childhood to adulthood, turning into one of the most used things in the world. Therefore,
if parents purchase cereal, they will have to buy milk. This will increase the revenue of
the business and at the same time creates a good looks for consumers once they care
about their health. Corporate social responsibility in the direction of food companies
should be defined as: choosing healthy products to market and taking care of consumers' health.
Nudge theory is a fairly modern theory of consumer behavior research. But nudge has a
new concept that is more than just about understanding what consumers think, how they
decide, and how they buy. And build habits that train customers to think and act towards
the products and services the company is providing. Identify problems which are likely
to persist or disappear, affecting product purchase decisions. Through the two examples
above, we can also see that businesses have intelligently put theory into practice. 10 lOMoARcPSD|45315597 Example in Vietnam:
• “Kill two birds with one stone” AT DECREE 100
Decree 100/2019/ND-CP, providing penalties for all vehicle drivers participating in
traffic, including cyclists and motorcyclists, when breath alcohol concentration is no
matter what level, with the highest sanction up to 40 million VND, it was really a
"double push". It not only helps to reduce traffic accidents caused by alcohol, but also
helps to gradually change the drinking culture that has been deeply ingrained in the lives
of many people for a long time. In particular, for employees of Vinacomin company, this
is also an opportunity to change themselves. And in fact, after more than two months of
the Decree coming into life, the culture of drinking and living among workers and staff of
Vinacomin has really had many positive changes
All drivers of vehicles with blood alcohol levels regardless of how much are fined; for
the driver of a car that violates the highest alcohol concentration, a fines are from 30-40
million VND, many times higher than before; at the same time, deprive drivers of the
right to use driving licenses for 22-24 months for vehicle drivers with an alcohol
concentration exceeding 80 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood or exceeding 0.4
milligrams per liter of breathing air. The Decree also clearly states that even cyclists
and rudimentary vehicles will be fined, etc. Therefore, this is a condition for Vinacomin
to thoroughly and step by step build corporate culture, including cultural acts of eating
industrial rice, conference meals and other conferences and exchanges without alcohol.
Another thing shows that our health is important. Decree 100 on severely penalizing
traffic participants for drinking alcohol as well as the direction of High Leaders are
necessary conditions for us to change the drinking culture. The sufficient condition will
be in the sense of implementation of each person. Hopefully, this "double push" will
make each worker and officer change his or her behavior, gradually change the culture in
dining, conferences and drinking culture, moving towards building corporate culture.
with beauty and safety… Case study final question: Question 1:
Which argument do you favor-persuading a company to incorporate a CSR perspective
voluntarily or forcing them to change using legislation? Why? Which of these two
approaches is ideal? Which is more realistic? Answer:
Persuading a company to implement the concept of CSR is an ideal approach. But in
reality, there are still many companies that do not realize the importance of implementing
CSR, forcing them to take some intervention measures carded by law. 11 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
Corporate social responsibility is not only compliance with applicable laws also broader
responsibilities beyond the scope and requirements of regulations, laws.
Enterprises that want to develop into the world market should implement well CSR from
the beginning, from international standards in governance, to grasp the advantages for
integration. To do this, businesses must soon realize the importance of implementing CSR.
In fact, there are still many businesses that do not fulfill their responsibilities to society
such as infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of workers and consumers,
polluting the environment, food safety and hygiene. And so on, inflation increased.
Therefore, it is necessary for legal intervention to prevent acts that intentionally affect the society of enterprises.
For example, the Formosa factory discharged dirty water, killing fish and polluting
water sources. For profit, they did not pay attention to the people living around, forcing
the law to intervene and deal with it.
When a business implements CSR successfully, they will gain significant benefits such as
increasing profits, reducing employee turnover, attracting a highly skilled workforce or expanding the world market. . Question 2:
Google the terms CSR, mandatory, voluntary. Have a brief look at some of the relevant
documents this search produces. What is your sense of the argument that is playing out
within the business world? Where would most firms like the balance to fall? Is that the
same as the nonprofit organizations or NGOs that are also participating in the debate? Answer:
CSR is not too strange for developed countries, but CSR is still quite new and has been
introduced into Vietnam for more than a decade, but in recent years, there have been
many Vietnamese enterprises that have established a brand name. bright and developed brand.
The implementation of CSR is increasingly recognized by Vietnamese businesses as
an indispensable and objective requirement in the integration process.
In fact, in Vietnam, the implementation of corporate social responsibility is considered an
act of solving social problems for charitable and humanitarian purposes, but sometimes
they still violate the Business Law. Enterprise Law, Environmental Law, or other law
violations. There are many reasons for this situation, first of all because businesses do not
have a correct, objective, scientific perception and especially do not have "heart", "virtue"
in implementing Corporate Society (CSR) to the social community. 12 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
Businesses will want to put their money where the community can accept their activities.
Similar to nonprofits and NGOs because CSR compliance can also be seen as the focus
of nonprofits and the director of government diplomacy as it will play an important role.
is very important in deciding whether such businesses are accepted by the community.
Businesses that create a lot of social value will gain many benefits and have the ability to go far. Question 3:
In 2003, the Norwegian government passed a law that was designed to force
“listed companies to have women as 40 per cent of their directors.” At the time “only 6
per cent of directors were female.” The law came into effect in 2008 and, similar to the
IKEA and Irish government social experiments outlined in the case, the results were
dramatic: “[Today] the country now has the world’s highest proportion of female board
members…44 per cent of directors are women.” How well do you feel women are
represented in executive and board positions in firms in your country? Do you think a
similar law would improve things? Answer
The fact that women represent executive positions and boards in companies is not too
strange in the 21st century, because now the distinction between men and women in
business seems to be gone. Both men and women can occupy the same executive
leadership positions in the company. Typically, Ms. Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao, CEO of
Vietjet and vice president of HDBank. This is a prime example of gender equality in
business positions even in a male-female corporation.
The application of a similar law will be able to improve many things because when
applying this law, potential women will be able to bring into full play their full
potential in business to achieve their goals for reaching the high positions in a business
are not inferior to those of men. Question 4:
Have a look at this video, which shows Coca-Cola’s “World’s Largest Bottleto- Bottle
Recycling Plant”(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0f4Sl804HPM). What are your
thoughts? Does it change your perception of the firm? Would you ever choose the drinks
you buy because of action such as this? Answer:
Coca Cola has cleverly scored points in the eyes of consumers with the reuse of
plastic bottles, minimizing the negative impact on the environment (reducing
materials for transportation to customers, reducing plastic waste into the environment)
also can increase the profit in each reusable plastic bottle 13 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
Coca Cola has done very well CSR to the community through the reuse of plastic bottles
to reduce environmental pollution.
I will choose and appreciate beverage brands that do well with CSR, always protect the
environment and care about society. Question 5:
Have a look at the UK newspaper The Daily Mail’s “Banish the bags” campaign
(http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-519770). If you are not in the UK, can you
imagine a similar campaign being waged by a newspaper in your country? If you are in
the UK, did you know about the campaign? Was it a success? Why or why not? Answer:
A similar campaign in the UK is also being carried out and deployed in Vietnam. The
elimination of plastic bags from daily life is one of the big goals that leaders in Vietnam implement.
The plan sets out the goal that by the end of 2021, 100% of supermarkets and
trade centers will only use environmentally friendly packaging.
Firstly, from a public point of view, the leadership needs to ask business agencies to
minimize and move towards not using non-biodegradable plastic packaging and at the
same time to replace single-use plastic products in the industry at all daily activities.
Increasing public awareness is also essential, some convenience store chains across the
country have switched to using biodegradable packaging.
In 2021, Ho Chi Minh City continues to develop and deploy the 3T model (reduce - reuse -
recycle) to increase the reduction, reuse and recycling of plastic waste in activities. .
If I were in the UK I would certainly know about this campaign because it has been
carried out so extensively in large areas of England. This campaign in terms of reducing a
fraction of the consumption of single-use plastic bags has been very successful. But in
terms of macro and longer term, the campaign failed because when it comes to reducing
plastic bags, providing plastic bag replacement products will not be enough and there
will be businesses that will not comply with CSR commitments on long-term plastic bag reduction. References:
Strategic corporate social responsibility-3th edition-David Chandler from page 540 to 552 14 lOMoARcPSD|45315597
https://congan.com.vn/quoc-te/thoi-su-quoc-te/nobel-kinh-te-ve-tay-nguoi-nghien-cuu- kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi_46240.html
https://www.saga.vn/su-phat-trien-cua-kinh-te-hoc-hanh-vi-va-anh-huong-cua-no- de n- c ac-to-chuc~43510
https://www.sodexo.vn/ban-muon-gan-bo-nhieu-hon-voi-cong-viec-mot-cu-hich-nhe-la-
viec-nen-lam/?fbclid=IwAR2ALTwFgBHt6LMFeW3w7vhO7jV5UpBHtXMRf3W- BqBprVzQ0iSiPqmy1Oc
https://www.thanthongnhat.vn/goc-nhin-cuoc-song/cu-hich-kep-tu-nghi-dinh-100- 6363.html
https://tapchitaichinh.vn/tai-chinh-kinh-doanh/thay-doi-nhan-thuc-cua-doanh-nghiep-va-
nguoi-tieu-dung-trong-thuc-hien-trach-nhiem-xa-hoi-310734.html
https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/nang-cao-trach-nhiem-xa-hoi-cua-doanh-nghiep-o-
viet-nam-nham-muc-tieu-phat-trien-ben-vung-72855.htm
https://tuoitre.vn/het-nam-2021-sieu-thi-tp-hcm-khong-con-tui- nhua - 20210529215245797. htm
https://moh.gov.vn/hoat-dong-cua-lanh-dao-bo/-
/asset_publisher/TW6LTp1ZtwaN/content/tap-oan-vingroup-trao-tang-bo-y-te-30- ma y- xe
t-nghiem-covid-19-qua-hoi-tho
https://aaouforum.blogspot.com/2019/02/ly-thuyet-ap-dung-trach-nhiem-xa-hoi.html
https://tuoitre.vn/formosa-dung-dau-cac-vu-gay-o-nhiem-nam-2016-1351267.htm
James Leggate –FOXBusiness-29 September,2019
https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/walmart-5-things-to-know 15